Papers by Lance Brendan Young
Communication Fundamentals, Interaction Skills, Communication During the Appointment, Communicati... more Communication Fundamentals, Interaction Skills, Communication During the Appointment, Communication Challenges
Journal of veterans studies, Sep 18, 2017
Military service members returning home from war have historically faced problems reintegrating t... more Military service members returning home from war have historically faced problems reintegrating to civilian society. Such problems are common among veterans of Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom. This article uses Buber's (1958) concepts of experience vs. encounter to demonstrate that I-it communication with and about veterans is fostered by individual-level and relational-level challenges, including veterans' loss of voice. That loss occurs through veterans' reluctance to disclose and through societal processes described using muted group theory. Veterans are discursively objectified through the elevation of hero talk and the instrumental use of military rhetoric for commercial and political ends. The article concludes with recommendations for veterans and civilians to re-establish I-thou encounters.
Communication Teacher, Aug 4, 2017
Courses: Qualitative research methods, health communication, organizational communication, or any... more Courses: Qualitative research methods, health communication, organizational communication, or any course that could incorporate advocacy or social change into the content area Objectives: On completion of this assignment, students will (1) understand why and how action research is undertaken; (2) develop skill in perceiving and representing the social world as a scholar, using both pictures and words; (3) collaborate with others to analyze qualitative data and theorize how a social problem emerges and is reproduced; and (4) give voice to those advocating change.
Journal of Social Work Practice in The Addictions, Oct 1, 2011
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) members' self-reports (N = 263) of "hitting bottom" and seeking help we... more Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) members' self-reports (N = 263) of "hitting bottom" and seeking help were analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance and chi-square analyses of 23 dependent variables. AA members self-identified a range of bottoms: high-bottom (36.1%), middle (44.5%), and low (19.4%). Whites were 2.4 times more likely than non-Whites to identify as high-bottoms. Lower bottoms were associated with multidrug use, constant drinking, and alcohol-related problems. High bottoms more likely entered AA via member introduction, and low bottoms more likely entered via court order. These findings indicate that individuals who are alcohol dependent might be helped earlier by identifying the initiation or acceleration of their substance use and facilitating relationships with those already in AA.
Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, Nov 18, 2011
A literature review was conducted to identify research into multiple-contact (i.e. extended) tele... more A literature review was conducted to identify research into multiple-contact (i.e. extended) telemedicine interventions for substance-use disorder. The goals were: (1) to describe the methodology used to evaluate telemedicine interventions; (2) to identify the range of interventions which have been formally evaluated; and (3) to summarize the findings. Fourteen databases and Google Scholar were searched, as well as bibliographies of relevant papers and online conference abstracts. There were 50 studies which met the inclusion criteria, of which 50% were randomized controlled trials. The studies most frequently reported the effect on substance use and 61% of those findings fully supported telemedicine interventions. Although the studies reported persistent challenges in sustaining participation, 76% of the studies reporting on satisfaction indicated that participants were enthusiastic supporters of telemedicine. Only 30% of reviewed studies addressed the effect on resource utilization. The majority of studies reported evidence of clinical effectiveness, which justifies continued research in the field.
Journal of Dental Education, Aug 13, 2023
IntroductionClinician empathy can improve patient outcomes, but the literature is scant on patien... more IntroductionClinician empathy can improve patient outcomes, but the literature is scant on patient‐based, student‐led experiences to demonstrate the projection of empathy in patient interactions.Purpose/objectives(1) Develop a learning guide for observable behaviors communicating emotional and cognitive empathy and (2) determine whether the learning guide can be used as a rubric for assessing empathy in a standardized patient experience.MethodsEleven standardized patients assessed 80 D3 students using a 4‐point interval scale on 19 behavioral criteria in four domains: Initiation (four criteria); Health History and Caries Risk (four criteria); Treatment Planning (six criteria); and Communication Skills (five criteria). Standardized patients also provided qualitative feedback.ResultsStandardized patients completed all 1520 interval scales on the rubric and 94% of 320 open‐ended entries. Students performed well. Of the 1520 criterion interval scales, 1242 (81.7%) were rated “excellent.” Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests revealed Initiation scores (Mean [M] = 3.82, Standard deviation [SD] = 0.28) and Treatment Planning scores (M = 3.82, SD = 0.36) were significantly higher than Health History Scores (M = 3.75, SD = 0.34; p < 0.05). Qualitative feedback also was overwhelmingly positive for Treatment Planning and more equivocal for Health History.ConclusionsThe emulation model for students to demonstrate observable aspects of empathy is viable as both a learning guide and evaluation rubric in a standardized patient format. The next steps include the development of a succinct skillset for reinforcement in the patient setting and continued discussion on what best captures core observable aspects of empathy.
Dentistry journal, Apr 2, 2022
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Journal of Family Communication, 2009
This study replicates and extends research initiated by Trost (1990). In particular, 181 universi... more This study replicates and extends research initiated by Trost (1990). In particular, 181 university students provided perceptual data on the family status of each of 23 structural constellations. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four experimental groups that manipulated two independent variables: the linguistic term used to assess family status ("a family" vs. "family") and the attributed quantity of communication among constellation members (low vs. high in frequency of interaction). Results indicated that the presence of children, intactness, co-residence of family members, marriage, heterosexuality (but only in the absence of children), and non-fictive union increased perceptions of family status. Across all structural features, the attributed presence of frequent communication increased the perception of family status. "Family" is a hotly contested term among family scholars in general, including family communication scholars. Cheal (1993) observed that changes in societal demographics pushed family science in the 1980s and 1990s toward greater attention to alternative family structures beyond what Stacey (1990) termed the "modern" family based on a two-parent nuclear model. However, consensus is far from evident in the scholarly community. Relatively neglected is the layperson view on what a "family" is. In family communication, a classic study of layperson conceptions of "family" is Trost's (1990) survey among a Swedish population, later replicated among university students in the United States by Ford (1994). The current study
Journal of Groups in Addiction & Recovery, 2012
ABSTRACT Al-Anon Family Groups, commonly known as Al-Anon, is a mutual-help organization for rela... more ABSTRACT Al-Anon Family Groups, commonly known as Al-Anon, is a mutual-help organization for relatives and friends of people misusing alcohol and other substances. We first summarize Al-Anon's history and current membership and then describe its theoretical basis and helping approach. We review evidence for Al-Anon's active ingredients and outcomes and present a conceptual model to guide future research. Research opportunities include understanding Al-Anon newcomers, specifying Al-Anon's active ingredients, and examining potential synergistic influences between Al-Anon participation and identified substance misusers' participation in mutual-help groups such as Alcoholics Anonymous. We suggest that mutual-help and professional communities work together to facilitate early participation in Al-Anon by shortening the time between problem recognition and seeking help from the fellowship.
Dentistry Journal
Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic altered the methodologies of dental education delivery, resulting ... more Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic altered the methodologies of dental education delivery, resulting in both immediate and more enduring changes. To assess student perceptions of learning effectiveness, graduating dental students from the class of 2020 were surveyed to identify student comfort with technology and content retention, individual motivation and mental focus, and access to resources pertaining to an abrupt transition to a virtual learning didactic seminar approach in March 2020. Methods: a voluntary, 18-question electronic survey was distributed to fourth-year dental students prior to graduation to assess perceptions of learning outcomes and preferences of a virtual seminar format relative to previous in-person didactic seminars experienced. Results: 34 of 80 dental students (42.5%) completed the electronic survey. Comfort and retention of concepts through virtual learning were reported ≥ by 91% and 85% of the respondents, respectively. Increased distractions and multitaskin...
Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 2017
Community-based support group participation protects against substance use disorder (SUD) relapse... more Community-based support group participation protects against substance use disorder (SUD) relapse, but referrals during treatment are inconsistently delivered and may not acknowledge barriers facing rural patients. This formative evaluation of a rural intensive referral intervention (RAIR) to community-based support groups for veterans seeking SUD treatment surveyed patients (N = 145) and surveyed and interviewed treatment staff (N = 28). Patients and staff did not differ significantly on quantitative ratings of the helpfulness of, or satisfaction with, seven RAIR components, but staff did not deliver the intervention consistently or as designed, citing two themes: lack of commitment and lack of resources.
Journal of Veterans Studies, 2017
Military service members returning home from war have historically faced problems reintegrating t... more Military service members returning home from war have historically faced problems reintegrating to civilian society. Such problems are common among veterans of Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom. This article uses Buber's (1958) concepts of experience vs. encounter to demonstrate that I-it communication with and about veterans is fostered by individual-level and relational-level challenges, including veterans' loss of voice. That loss occurs through veterans' reluctance to disclose and through societal processes described using muted group theory. Veterans are discursively objectified through the elevation of hero talk and the instrumental use of military rhetoric for commercial and political ends. The article concludes with recommendations for veterans and civilians to re-establish I-thou encounters.
Journal of interpersonal violence, 2018
Despite growing recognition of the high rates of sexual violence experienced by men serving in th... more Despite growing recognition of the high rates of sexual violence experienced by men serving in the U.S. military, male victimization, specifically sexual assault in military (SAIM), is an understudied topic. We qualitatively describe servicemen's awareness and perceptions of male SAIM, and their understanding of common barriers to servicemen reporting sexual assault. Participants included Midwestern Active Component and Reserve and National Guard servicemen, actively serving or Veteran, who had returned from Iraq or Afghanistan deployments during Operation Enduring/Iraqi Freedom eras. Eleven focus groups were held with 34 servicemen (20 Reserve/National Guard and 14 Active Component). Qualitative analyses used inductive and deductive techniques. Servicemen reported a lack of awareness of male SAIM, a tendency to blame or marginalize male victims, and substantial barriers to reporting sexual assault. Reserve/National Guard participants emphasized barriers such as a perception of ...
Communication Teacher, 2017
Courses: Qualitative research methods, health communication, organizational communication, or any... more Courses: Qualitative research methods, health communication, organizational communication, or any course that could incorporate advocacy or social change into the content area Objectives: On completion of this assignment, students will (1) understand why and how action research is undertaken; (2) develop skill in perceiving and representing the social world as a scholar, using both pictures and words; (3) collaborate with others to analyze qualitative data and theorize how a social problem emerges and is reproduced; and (4) give voice to those advocating change.
The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association, Jan 9, 2016
The objective of this study is to determine whether rural residence is associated with trauma exp... more The objective of this study is to determine whether rural residence is associated with trauma exposure or posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among military veterans seeking treatment for substance use disorder (SUD) through the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), Delivering mental health services to veterans in rural areas is a challenge, so identifying differences in the causes and outcomes of trauma exposure would assist in effectively targeting service delivery. Veterans (N = 196) entering SUD treatment at 3 Midwestern VA treatment centers were designated as either urban or rural, based on rural-urban commuting area (RUCA) codes. The veterans completed the Life Events Checklist, the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist, and the Addiction Severity Index's psychiatric status subscale. Hypothesized relationships between rural-urban residence and both trauma exposure and symptomology were tested using independent samples t tests, chi-square tests, and ordinary least squar...
Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 2012
... In recent years, researchers have attempted to isolate AA components and practices to determi... more ... In recent years, researchers have attempted to isolate AA components and practices to determine their relative therapeutic contributions (Kelly, Magill, & Stout, 200914. Kelly, JF,Magill, M. and Stout, RL 2009. ... Kelly, JF, Magill, M. and Stout, RL 2009. ...
Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions, 2011
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) members' self-reports (N = 263) of "hitting bottom" and seeking help we... more Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) members' self-reports (N = 263) of "hitting bottom" and seeking help were analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance and chi-square analyses of 23 dependent variables. AA members self-identified a range of bottoms: high-bottom (36.1%), middle (44.5%), and low (19.4%). Whites were 2.4 times more likely than non-Whites to identify as high-bottoms. Lower bottoms were associated with multidrug use, constant drinking, and alcohol-related problems. High bottoms more likely entered AA via member introduction, and low bottoms more likely entered via court order. These findings indicate that individuals who are alcohol dependent might be helped earlier by identifying the initiation or acceleration of their substance use and facilitating relationships with those already in AA.
International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 2010
The dominant theoretical approach to alcoholism research presumes linear, causal relationships be... more The dominant theoretical approach to alcoholism research presumes linear, causal relationships between individual cognitions and behavioral outcomes. This approach has largely failed to account for the recovery some alcoholics achieve in Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) because AA emphasizes the transformation of identity, framed in terms of relationships rather than cognitions and behaviors. George Kelly’s personal construct theory (PCT) provides a ready
Culture & Psychology, 2011
The advantages of the disease model of alcoholism are well known, but the disadvantages have rece... more The advantages of the disease model of alcoholism are well known, but the disadvantages have received little attention. The model's dominance has forestalled consideration of alternative and potentially valuable theories. It reinforces the value of normality even as it marks alcoholics as deviant. It suggests problem drinkers can diagnose themselves. These disadvantages are traceable to narrowly constructed scientific discourses: science-as-positivism, alcoholism-as-disease, and the individual-as-scientist. As a result, problem drinkers pondering a diagnosis of alcoholism emphasize the positivist concepts of central tendency, objectivity, and prediction/control. Positivism reinforces the value of normality even as a disease diagnosis threatens to mark the personal identity as deviant. In this circumstance, continuing to drink while manipulating drinking variables is rational. Alcoholism theory would benefit if researchers extended conceptualizations beyond the disease model. Alc...
Patient Education and Counseling, 2017
A multisite field trial testing whether improved outcomes associated with intensive referral to m... more A multisite field trial testing whether improved outcomes associated with intensive referral to mutual help groups (MHGs) could be maintained after the intervention was adapted for the circumstances and needs of rural veterans in treatment for substance use disorder (SUD). Methods: In three Veterans Affairs treatment programs in the Midwest, patients (N = 195) received standard referral (SR) or rural-adapted intensive referral (RAIR) and were measured at baseline and 6month follow-up. Results: Both groups reported significant improvement at 6-months, but no significant differences between SR and RAIR groups in MHG participation, substance use, addiction severity, and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Inconsistent delivery of the intervention resulted in only one-third of the RAIR group receiving the full three sessions, but this group reported significantly greater 6-month abstinence from alcohol than those receiving no sessions. Conclusion: Further research should explore implementation problems and determine whether consistent delivery of the intervention enhances 12-step facilitation. Practice implications: The addition of rural-specific elements to the original intensive referral intervention has not been shown to increase its effectiveness among rural veterans.
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Papers by Lance Brendan Young