Papers by Charlotte (Charlie) Primeau
Increasing urbanization seen during the medieval period (7th to 16th centuries) is
associated wi... more Increasing urbanization seen during the medieval period (7th to 16th centuries) is
associated with adverse living conditions that may have negatively impacted childhood growth via the influence of infectious diseases and nutritional deficiencies due to increasing population density and periodic food shortages. This study aims to compare the growth of non-adults (less than 12 years of age) from urban, proto-urban,
and rural environments from medieval England to determine whether settlement
type influenced child health, and by proxy overall population health, during this
period. Tibial and femoral maximum diaphyseal lengths and dental age of non-adults
(0–12 years) from urban St. Gregory's Priory (n = 60), urban York Barbican (n = 16),
proto-urban Black Gate (n = 38), and rural Raunds (n = 30) were examined using
z-scores. The results reveal that non-adults < 2 years from St. Gregory's Priory had
the lowest growth values followed by Raunds, Black Gate, and York Barbican with
the highest growth values. Further, non-adults 2–12 years from York Barbican had
the lowest growth values followed by Raunds, Black Gate, and St. Gregory's Priory
with the higher growth values. The femoral and tibial diaphyseal growth values are
explored within the context of breastfeeding and weaning practices, stability of economies, and environmental conditions.
Journal of Forensic Sciences
European Urology Supplements, 2020
European Journal of Oncology Nursing, 2020
European Journal of Oncology Nursing, 2020
European Journal of Oncology Nursing, 2020
Seminars in Oncology Nursing, 2020
Seminars in Oncology Nursing, 2020
Seminars in Oncology Nursing, 2020
International Journal of Paleopathology, 2019
Objective: This study examines the evidence of three skeletal markers of childhood health that le... more Objective: This study examines the evidence of three skeletal markers of childhood health that leave permanent observable changes in the adult skeleton during two climate events, the Medieval Warm Period (MWP) and the Little Ice Age (LIA) that occurred in the medieval period (1050-1536 CE). Material: A total of 241 adult skeletons from the Danish medieval period were included. Methods: Linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) was examined macroscopically. Harris lines (HL) and infectious middle ear disease (IMED) were examined from CT imaging. The skeletons were segregated by the mortuary pattern of arm position that coincidentally changes between the MWP to the LIA. Results: LEH and IMED increase in frequency from the MWP to the LIA while there is a reverse trend for HL. Significance: This is the first study that examines childhood health as reflected on skeletal remains of adults using a combination of CT imaging and macroscopic examination for temporal changes in the medieval period. Limitations: The study did not include any sub-adults due to limitation of methods, i.e. the method of IMED is not yet developed to assess sub-adults. Neither was time-of-occurrence for the skeletal marker included as there is conflicting information from different methods for HL and neither has it been developed yet for IMED. Suggestions for further research: A sample of sub-adults from both time periods could be compared by sub-adult mortality, as well as for differences in the timing of skeletal age markers.
European Journal of Oncology, 2018
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ejon A pilot randomised controlled trial of a multimoda... more journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ejon A pilot randomised controlled trial of a multimodal supportive care (ThriverCare) intervention for managing unmet supportive care needs in men with metastatic prostate cancer on hormonal treatment and their partner/caregivers ☆
International Journal of Paleopathology, 2019
Objective: This study explores the differences in frequency and type of trauma found in two Medie... more Objective: This study explores the differences in frequency and type of trauma found in two Medieval cemeteries in Denmark, as well as the cultural and community implications of those differences.
Materials: We examined 235 skeletons from the cemetery at Tjærby (rural) and 170 skeletons from the cemetery at Randers (urban) for trauma from the the Medieval period in Denmark, 1050 to 1536 AD.
Methods: Trauma was assessed through macroscopic examination and odds ratio and relative risk assessments were run to assess the difference in trauma.
Results: There was no significant difference in the presence of trauma between the rural and urban cemeteries or between males and females. The sample from Randers, however, had a greater relative risk for trauma to the spine and ribs than the group from Tjærby. Conversely, the sample from Tjærby had a higher relative risk of lower limb and cranial trauma than the sample from Randers.
Conclusions: The division and variation in trauma between the two cemeteries is most likely related to differenes in economy and occupation.
Significance: There are relatively few studies that examine the difference in inherent risks between rural and urban Medieval communites, especially in Denmark. This research also adds to the growing body of literature in paleopathology that uses epidemiology to explore the parallel between patterns of trauma and community lifeways.
Limitations: The cemeteries are approximately 5km distance from each other so similarities in the sample could be a result of location.
Suggestions for Further Research: A wider sample of Medieval cemeteries in Denmark needs be added to this analysis to provide a more complete picture of trauma patterns during this time period.
Cancer Nursing: An International Journal for Cancer Care , 2018
Partner/caregivers Prehabilitation Prostate cancer Radical prostatectomy Supportive care
HOMO - Journal of Comparative Human Biology, 2018
This study examines the evidence of three skeletal markers relating to childhood health that leav... more This study examines the evidence of three skeletal markers relating to childhood health that leave permanent observable changes in the adult skeleton. Two are well known to paleopathology, namely Harris lines (HL) and linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH). The third skeletal marker is less commonly used; the permanent changes in the temporal bones, induced by chronic or recurrent infectious middle ear disease (IMED) in childhood. A total of 291 adult skeletons from an urban (n=109) and a rural (n=182) cemetery, from the Danish medieval period (1050-1536 CE) were included. The markers were examined for their co-occurrence, and differences between the two samples. No statistically significant difference for the three skeletal markers between the two samples was found. A trend was nevertheless apparent, with greater frequencies for all three skeletal markers for the urban population. A statistically significant relationship was found only between IMED and HL. This positive relation was very low (rɸ = 0.307, 0.275) and may be considered non-existent. The lack of co-occurrence is interpreted as if an individual was exposed to conditions that could cause the osteological expression of all three markers this could be a life-threatening health condition, during developing years.
Vikings. Guerreiros do mar / Warriors from the sea, 2017
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Papers by Charlotte (Charlie) Primeau
associated with adverse living conditions that may have negatively impacted childhood growth via the influence of infectious diseases and nutritional deficiencies due to increasing population density and periodic food shortages. This study aims to compare the growth of non-adults (less than 12 years of age) from urban, proto-urban,
and rural environments from medieval England to determine whether settlement
type influenced child health, and by proxy overall population health, during this
period. Tibial and femoral maximum diaphyseal lengths and dental age of non-adults
(0–12 years) from urban St. Gregory's Priory (n = 60), urban York Barbican (n = 16),
proto-urban Black Gate (n = 38), and rural Raunds (n = 30) were examined using
z-scores. The results reveal that non-adults < 2 years from St. Gregory's Priory had
the lowest growth values followed by Raunds, Black Gate, and York Barbican with
the highest growth values. Further, non-adults 2–12 years from York Barbican had
the lowest growth values followed by Raunds, Black Gate, and St. Gregory's Priory
with the higher growth values. The femoral and tibial diaphyseal growth values are
explored within the context of breastfeeding and weaning practices, stability of economies, and environmental conditions.
Materials: We examined 235 skeletons from the cemetery at Tjærby (rural) and 170 skeletons from the cemetery at Randers (urban) for trauma from the the Medieval period in Denmark, 1050 to 1536 AD.
Methods: Trauma was assessed through macroscopic examination and odds ratio and relative risk assessments were run to assess the difference in trauma.
Results: There was no significant difference in the presence of trauma between the rural and urban cemeteries or between males and females. The sample from Randers, however, had a greater relative risk for trauma to the spine and ribs than the group from Tjærby. Conversely, the sample from Tjærby had a higher relative risk of lower limb and cranial trauma than the sample from Randers.
Conclusions: The division and variation in trauma between the two cemeteries is most likely related to differenes in economy and occupation.
Significance: There are relatively few studies that examine the difference in inherent risks between rural and urban Medieval communites, especially in Denmark. This research also adds to the growing body of literature in paleopathology that uses epidemiology to explore the parallel between patterns of trauma and community lifeways.
Limitations: The cemeteries are approximately 5km distance from each other so similarities in the sample could be a result of location.
Suggestions for Further Research: A wider sample of Medieval cemeteries in Denmark needs be added to this analysis to provide a more complete picture of trauma patterns during this time period.
associated with adverse living conditions that may have negatively impacted childhood growth via the influence of infectious diseases and nutritional deficiencies due to increasing population density and periodic food shortages. This study aims to compare the growth of non-adults (less than 12 years of age) from urban, proto-urban,
and rural environments from medieval England to determine whether settlement
type influenced child health, and by proxy overall population health, during this
period. Tibial and femoral maximum diaphyseal lengths and dental age of non-adults
(0–12 years) from urban St. Gregory's Priory (n = 60), urban York Barbican (n = 16),
proto-urban Black Gate (n = 38), and rural Raunds (n = 30) were examined using
z-scores. The results reveal that non-adults < 2 years from St. Gregory's Priory had
the lowest growth values followed by Raunds, Black Gate, and York Barbican with
the highest growth values. Further, non-adults 2–12 years from York Barbican had
the lowest growth values followed by Raunds, Black Gate, and St. Gregory's Priory
with the higher growth values. The femoral and tibial diaphyseal growth values are
explored within the context of breastfeeding and weaning practices, stability of economies, and environmental conditions.
Materials: We examined 235 skeletons from the cemetery at Tjærby (rural) and 170 skeletons from the cemetery at Randers (urban) for trauma from the the Medieval period in Denmark, 1050 to 1536 AD.
Methods: Trauma was assessed through macroscopic examination and odds ratio and relative risk assessments were run to assess the difference in trauma.
Results: There was no significant difference in the presence of trauma between the rural and urban cemeteries or between males and females. The sample from Randers, however, had a greater relative risk for trauma to the spine and ribs than the group from Tjærby. Conversely, the sample from Tjærby had a higher relative risk of lower limb and cranial trauma than the sample from Randers.
Conclusions: The division and variation in trauma between the two cemeteries is most likely related to differenes in economy and occupation.
Significance: There are relatively few studies that examine the difference in inherent risks between rural and urban Medieval communites, especially in Denmark. This research also adds to the growing body of literature in paleopathology that uses epidemiology to explore the parallel between patterns of trauma and community lifeways.
Limitations: The cemeteries are approximately 5km distance from each other so similarities in the sample could be a result of location.
Suggestions for Further Research: A wider sample of Medieval cemeteries in Denmark needs be added to this analysis to provide a more complete picture of trauma patterns during this time period.
Seventeen Anglo Saxon sub-adults were aged by dental development using the method of AlQahtani et al. (2010). Length of femora was measured and aged according to Maresh (1970), Rissech et al. (2008) and Primeau et al. (2015). Dental age and bone age was then compared.
Estimated bone ages using the method of Maresh (1970), showed the largest discrepancy to dental age, with a mean difference of -2.3 years. For Rissech et al. (2008) there was a mean difference of 0.3 years. For Primeau et al. (2015) there was a mean difference of -0.4 years.
It is concluded that Maresh (1970) is the least accurate in estimating sub-adult age from long bone length. Rather, using Rissech et al. (2008) or Primeau et al. (2015), will give a bone age closer to dental age. The difference in age between applying the two latter methods is a mean difference of 0.7 years. Rissech et al. (2008) has a bone age closer to dental age, However, Primeau et al. (2015) is available for all the long bones.