The integrated use of multiple Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) platforms for the deformation monit... more The integrated use of multiple Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) platforms for the deformation monitoring via satellite radar interferometry offers several perspectives for investigation of the behaviour of new and ageing structures, such as buildings and infrastructures, under varying or hazardous environment. Spanning almost 24 years of space-borne radar observations, this study aims to perform classical PSInSAR (Persistent Scatterer Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar) analysis incorporating measurements of ERS, Envisat, TerraSAR-X, Sentinel-1A and Radarsat-2 satellites. The results from the processing of different sensing geometries over Bratislava (Slovakia) urban area are presented, focusing on the description of characteristics associated with the specifics of every satellite platform in use. The discussion over technical feasibility of infrastructure monitoring is accompanied by the outline of possible future needs for the utilisation of the wealth source of information provided by the satellite radar imagery.
Proceedings of Fringe 2015: Advances in the Science and Applications of SAR Interferometry and Sentinel-1 InSAR Workshop, 2015
Slope deformations are the most important geohazards in Slovakia which annually cause an extensiv... more Slope deformations are the most important geohazards in Slovakia which annually cause an extensive economic damage of significant influence. About 22000 slope deformations have been registered so far, covering an area of almost 2600 km 2 . Since 2010, 639 new slope failures have been witnessed and their activation was driven mainly by the climatic anomalies such as extraordinary rainfalls. Many of these landslides currently represent a direct threat to the lives, health and property of the residents in the affected areas. The landslide Nizna Mysla is considered to be the second most catastrophic landslide in the history of Slovakia. Damages to buildings and engineering networks had not been identified in the '90s of the last century when the first problems with the slope stability appeared. Up-tonow monitoring techniques has currently been reassessed to account for the results from satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) techniques.
The paper offers three examples of satellite SAR interferometry (InSAR) application for monitorin... more The paper offers three examples of satellite SAR interferometry (InSAR) application for monitoring dam deformations: Paradela, Raiva and Alto Ceira, all of them in Portugal. Dam deformations were estimated using several sets of ERS and Envisat C-band SAR data by PS-InSAR method that offers accuracy of a millimeter per year at monitoring man-made structures. The results show potential of InSAR but also summarize limits of C-band InSAR in these particular cases and can be handful to recognize applicability of new Sentinel-1 data (since 2014) for continuous monitoring of dam deformations. While Alto Ceira dam lies in SAR radar shadow and was represented by only one observable point, and the movement detected (in satellite line-of-sight direction) appears to fit with geodetical measurements. Raiva and Paradela dams were represented by sufficient number of points feasible for PS-InSAR processing. Deformations at slope near to Raiva dam and slow linear movements of the center of Paradela ...
Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography, 2015
This short paper summarizes the effects of DEM errors influencing precision of deformation monito... more This short paper summarizes the effects of DEM errors influencing precision of deformation monitoring results using satellite SAR interferometry and presents basic mathematical approaches to quantify DEM accuracy needed for proper estimation of SAR interferometry parameters. While in case of appropriately large SAR dataset for Multi-Temporal Interferometry (MTI) processing the height difference is usually well estimated, still DEM accuracy should be carefully considered in case of using low number of images -and especially in case of processing differential InSAR with only one image pair. Depending on the interferogram pair combination characteristics, especially parameter known as perpendicular baseline (Bperp) describing the distance between satellite positions during their image acquisitions, the interferogram is more or less prone to DEM accuracy errors. In case of higher Bperp, a relatively high quality DEM is necessary to remove stereoscopic effect apparent in interferogram in order to distinguish interferogram phase element caused by temporal terrain deformation.
The current state of work demonstrated in this paper is maps of the spatial and temporal patterns... more The current state of work demonstrated in this paper is maps of the spatial and temporal patterns of deformation at ground subsidence by using advanced InSAR methods at specific areas surrounding Konya closed basin and its near vicinities. This work aims to significantly support AFAD's (Disaster and Emergency Management Authority) susceptibility maps over Konya city subsidence using satellite based interferometry using new satellite systems. Cosmo SkyMed and Sentinel-1 satellites' data evaluated using PS InSAR processing and other multitemporal technique such as Quasi-PS InSAR, SBAS methods, based on SARPROZ software package abilities. Time series of several PS points especially over Konya City Center show a general trend of the subsidence that is approximately between-40 to-60 mm/year from the both C and X band satellites, Sentinel-1 and Cosmo SkyMed.
Angren region (Uzbekistan) is rich for mineral resources. Coal mining activities on the surface h... more Angren region (Uzbekistan) is rich for mineral resources. Coal mining activities on the surface have caused largescale (over 100 m3) landslides - some of them seriously endanger an important highway connecting Tashkent with an agricultural area of Fergana - or encroach into a water reservoir. Slow creeping movements of the slope deformations are hard to detect by regular watch of the national landslide service. An application of satellite SAR interferometry in this region proved its potential to detect and monitor slope deformation processes - slight movements were detected well, field inspection has confirmed the detection. A project involving this technique together with other remote sensing technologies (i.e. laser scanning) has been proposed and accepted within the framework of NATO: Science for Peace and Security programme in the end of 2012. In the scope of the project, relevant Uzbek institutions should achieve an appropriate knowledge and skills for independent research usin...
The aim of this study is to determine and to monitor the areas affected by land subsidence caused... more The aim of this study is to determine and to monitor the areas affected by land subsidence caused by the decrease of groundwater, by using geodetic methods in Konya Closed Basin, Turkey. The GPS and InSAR techniques which complement each other perfectly will be used to deduce spatial deformations caused by the land subsidence. The land subsidence activity in the area of Küçükköy situated at the Konya Closed Basin (KCB) of the Central Anatolia Region in Turkey has been studied using the Stanford Method for Persistent Scatterers (StaMPS) InSAR technique. Significant movements of land subsidence ranging from mm to cm per year were detected with ENVISAT ASAR data between 2003 and 2010 above the city center. Results are also compared with GNSS measurements. Estimated deformation rate of KCKY GPS station is approximately -2 cm/yr.
This short paper summarizes the effects of DEM errors influencing precision of deformation monito... more This short paper summarizes the effects of DEM errors influencing precision of deformation monitoring results using satellite SAR interferometry and presents basic mathematical approaches to quantify DEM accuracy needed for proper estimation of SAR interferometry parameters. While in case of appropriately large SAR dataset for Multi-Temporal Interferometry (MTI) processing the height difference is usually well estimated , still DEM accuracy should be carefully considered in case of using low number of images – and especially in case of processing differential InSAR with only one image pair. Depending on the interferogram pair combination characteristics, especially parameter known as perpendicular baseline (Bperp) describing the distance between satellite positions during their image acquisitions, the interferogram is more or less prone to DEM accuracy errors. In case of higher Bperp, a relatively high quality DEM is necessary to remove stereoscopic effect apparent in interferogram ...
Business approaches based on palm oil, brown coal and paper industry in the area of Balikpapan Ba... more Business approaches based on palm oil, brown coal and paper industry in the area of Balikpapan Bay in Indonesia are often inconsiderate to the surrounding environment and have a longterm negative impact on living conditions of local nature as well as inhabitants. Some areas have acquired a status of protected area lately. These are river embankments and bay coastlines. There is a need to monitor their current situation - some of the protected areas are endangered by illegal expansion of palm plantations etc. This contribution is to assess the potential and impact of application of satellite remote sensing technologies for practical needs of experts working on environmental issues of Balikpapan Bay area in Indonesia. Various aspects are covered, beginning by a simple inspect of devastation of forests using satellite images, for example to detect expansion of palm oil plantations or forest burned by local communities, continuing by remote sensing usage in assessing environmental impac...
The paper offers three examples of satellite SAR interferometry (InSAR) application for monitorin... more The paper offers three examples of satellite SAR interferometry (InSAR) application for monitoring dam deformations: Paradela, Raiva and Alto Ceira, all of them in Portugal. Dam deformations were estimated using several sets of ERS and Envisat C-band SAR data by PS-InSAR method that offers accuracy of a millimeter per year at monitoring man-made structures. The results show potential of InSAR but also summarize limits of C-band InSAR in these particular cases and can be handful to recognize applicability of new Sentinel-1 data (since 2014) for continuous monitoring of dam deformations. While Alto Ceira dam lies in SAR radar shadow and was represented by only one observable point, and the movement detected (in satellite line-of-sight direction) appears to fit with geodetical measurements. Raiva and Paradela dams were represented by sufficient number of points feasible for PS-InSAR processing. Deformations at slope near to Raiva dam and slow linear movements of the center of Paradela ...
The advantages of satellite radar interferometry for displacement monitoring are demonstrated in ... more The advantages of satellite radar interferometry for displacement monitoring are demonstrated in the cases of monitoring man-made structures, i.e., buildings, bridges and dams. Presented are the results from application of PSInSAR technology using ENVISAT radar images over urban area of Bratislava (Slovakia). As a whole, the investigated urban area of Bratislava is stable with the linear displacement trends of ±3 mm/year. However, a non-linear approach reveals small movements on the structures without prior interest of any regarding conventional monitoring technique. Thanks to the development of high resolution SAR sensors (e.g. TerraSAR-X) many permanent scatterers can be found in one individual man-made construction. Moreover, with the shorter revisit times, it is possible to process a long series of SAR data and expand standard PS model to account for a seasonal expansion due to changes in water level and/or temperature. The topic of separation between deformations and seasonal movements is discussed within the exploitation of TerraSAR-X data for deformation monitoring of Plover Cove Dam and building of Hyatt Hotel, both located in Hong Kong. Data have been processed using advanced processing techniques implemented in SARPROZ. These techniques show high potential for continuous monitoring of ground motion and structure stability in civil surveillance.
After two decades of existence of SAR satellites, their data processed by interferometric
techniq... more After two decades of existence of SAR satellites, their data processed by interferometric techniques (InSAR) allows a sensitive detection of terrain movements. Various projects have risen towards detection of landslide activity and thus possibility of early warning based on SAR data. The ability of InSAR techniques to detect a slope stability is limited and depends on an orientation of slope, a rate of movement, ratio of vegetation cover and temporal and spatial resolution of SAR images. This paper presents common issues found in past projects of the team of authors observing landslides using available satellite SAR data processed by various InSAR techniques. It is demonstrated that in some cases the basic differential InSAR combining two images only provides more valuable information compared to advanced multi-temporal InSAR techniques. The paper aims at providing guidelines for maximally successful detection of landslide activity and to introduce pros and cons of the InSAR as a method often discussed in geology and geophysics circles. We prove the doubtless potential of techniques using satellite-based InSAR to identify creeping movements of structures built at moving slopes and limited possibility to detect movements at moderately vegetated slopes by especially using L-band or by combination of winter-season SAR images and images within very short temporal difference. It is possible to overcome misinterpretation of results by proper understanding of sources of InSAR phase component at slopes, including phase due to SAR geometrical distortion, vegetation movement (vegetated mass movement) and atmosphere pressure changes correlated with height differences. Theoretically, an InSAR-based system to evaluate slope vulnerability to landslide can be combined with a flood prediction system to provide an early warning against threat of landslides. However the applicability of such system cannot be generalized - InSAR evaluation should be performed at site-to-site basis with detected movements checked on site. Deliverables can be maps of active slope movements as vulnerable areas, available to incorporate into national geological topical maps, and early warning can be provided only in case of detected accelerated rate of movements of buildings or other InSAR-monitored structures at the slopes.
The decrease of groundwater caused by the rapid increase in population, global warming, over-use ... more The decrease of groundwater caused by the rapid increase in population, global warming, over-use of water resources, and other influences is one of the most important problems of the world. The problems coming from the decrease of groundwater are not limited to loss of water resources. Depending on the decreasing water volume, a deformation and compaction are observed on aquifer systems that hold the groundwater.
The SAR Interferometry (InSAR) application has shown great potential in monitoring of land terrai... more The SAR Interferometry (InSAR) application has shown great potential in monitoring of land terrain changes and in detection of land deformations such as subsidence. Longer time analysis can lead to understand longer trends and changes. Using different bands of SAR satellite (C- from ERS 1-2 and Envisat, L- from ALOS) over the study area, we achieve knowledge of movements in long-term and evaluation of its dynamic changes within observed period of time. Results from InSAR processing fit with the position changes in vertical direction based on GPS network established over the basin as an effective geodetic network. Time series (StaMPS PS+SB) of several points over Çumra County in eastern part of Konya City show a general trend of the deformation that is expected to be approximately between -13 to -17 mm/year. Northern part of Karaman is affected by faster subsidence, borders of the subsidence trough were identified from Envisat. Presenting InSAR results together with GIS information about locations and time of occurrence of sudden subsidence, urban/industrial growth in time and climate changes helps in better understanding of the situation. This way, the impact of natural and man-made changes will be shown for urban planning thanks to InSAR and GIS comparisons with hydrogeological modeling. In this study we present results of differential and multitemporal InSAR series using different bands and GIS conjunction associated with seasonal and temporal groundwater level changes in Konya Closed Basin.
The integrated use of multiple Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) platforms for the deformation monit... more The integrated use of multiple Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) platforms for the deformation monitoring via satellite radar interferometry offers several perspectives for investigation of the behaviour of new and ageing structures, such as buildings and infrastructures, under varying or hazardous environment. Spanning almost 24 years of space-borne radar observations, this study aims to perform classical PSInSAR (Persistent Scatterer Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar) analysis incorporating measurements of ERS, Envisat, TerraSAR-X, Sentinel-1A and Radarsat-2 satellites. The results from the processing of different sensing geometries over Bratislava (Slovakia) urban area are presented, focusing on the description of characteristics associated with the specifics of every satellite platform in use. The discussion over technical feasibility of infrastructure monitoring is accompanied by the outline of possible future needs for the utilisation of the wealth source of information provided by the satellite radar imagery.
Proceedings of Fringe 2015: Advances in the Science and Applications of SAR Interferometry and Sentinel-1 InSAR Workshop, 2015
Slope deformations are the most important geohazards in Slovakia which annually cause an extensiv... more Slope deformations are the most important geohazards in Slovakia which annually cause an extensive economic damage of significant influence. About 22000 slope deformations have been registered so far, covering an area of almost 2600 km 2 . Since 2010, 639 new slope failures have been witnessed and their activation was driven mainly by the climatic anomalies such as extraordinary rainfalls. Many of these landslides currently represent a direct threat to the lives, health and property of the residents in the affected areas. The landslide Nizna Mysla is considered to be the second most catastrophic landslide in the history of Slovakia. Damages to buildings and engineering networks had not been identified in the '90s of the last century when the first problems with the slope stability appeared. Up-tonow monitoring techniques has currently been reassessed to account for the results from satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) techniques.
The paper offers three examples of satellite SAR interferometry (InSAR) application for monitorin... more The paper offers three examples of satellite SAR interferometry (InSAR) application for monitoring dam deformations: Paradela, Raiva and Alto Ceira, all of them in Portugal. Dam deformations were estimated using several sets of ERS and Envisat C-band SAR data by PS-InSAR method that offers accuracy of a millimeter per year at monitoring man-made structures. The results show potential of InSAR but also summarize limits of C-band InSAR in these particular cases and can be handful to recognize applicability of new Sentinel-1 data (since 2014) for continuous monitoring of dam deformations. While Alto Ceira dam lies in SAR radar shadow and was represented by only one observable point, and the movement detected (in satellite line-of-sight direction) appears to fit with geodetical measurements. Raiva and Paradela dams were represented by sufficient number of points feasible for PS-InSAR processing. Deformations at slope near to Raiva dam and slow linear movements of the center of Paradela ...
Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography, 2015
This short paper summarizes the effects of DEM errors influencing precision of deformation monito... more This short paper summarizes the effects of DEM errors influencing precision of deformation monitoring results using satellite SAR interferometry and presents basic mathematical approaches to quantify DEM accuracy needed for proper estimation of SAR interferometry parameters. While in case of appropriately large SAR dataset for Multi-Temporal Interferometry (MTI) processing the height difference is usually well estimated, still DEM accuracy should be carefully considered in case of using low number of images -and especially in case of processing differential InSAR with only one image pair. Depending on the interferogram pair combination characteristics, especially parameter known as perpendicular baseline (Bperp) describing the distance between satellite positions during their image acquisitions, the interferogram is more or less prone to DEM accuracy errors. In case of higher Bperp, a relatively high quality DEM is necessary to remove stereoscopic effect apparent in interferogram in order to distinguish interferogram phase element caused by temporal terrain deformation.
The current state of work demonstrated in this paper is maps of the spatial and temporal patterns... more The current state of work demonstrated in this paper is maps of the spatial and temporal patterns of deformation at ground subsidence by using advanced InSAR methods at specific areas surrounding Konya closed basin and its near vicinities. This work aims to significantly support AFAD's (Disaster and Emergency Management Authority) susceptibility maps over Konya city subsidence using satellite based interferometry using new satellite systems. Cosmo SkyMed and Sentinel-1 satellites' data evaluated using PS InSAR processing and other multitemporal technique such as Quasi-PS InSAR, SBAS methods, based on SARPROZ software package abilities. Time series of several PS points especially over Konya City Center show a general trend of the subsidence that is approximately between-40 to-60 mm/year from the both C and X band satellites, Sentinel-1 and Cosmo SkyMed.
Angren region (Uzbekistan) is rich for mineral resources. Coal mining activities on the surface h... more Angren region (Uzbekistan) is rich for mineral resources. Coal mining activities on the surface have caused largescale (over 100 m3) landslides - some of them seriously endanger an important highway connecting Tashkent with an agricultural area of Fergana - or encroach into a water reservoir. Slow creeping movements of the slope deformations are hard to detect by regular watch of the national landslide service. An application of satellite SAR interferometry in this region proved its potential to detect and monitor slope deformation processes - slight movements were detected well, field inspection has confirmed the detection. A project involving this technique together with other remote sensing technologies (i.e. laser scanning) has been proposed and accepted within the framework of NATO: Science for Peace and Security programme in the end of 2012. In the scope of the project, relevant Uzbek institutions should achieve an appropriate knowledge and skills for independent research usin...
The aim of this study is to determine and to monitor the areas affected by land subsidence caused... more The aim of this study is to determine and to monitor the areas affected by land subsidence caused by the decrease of groundwater, by using geodetic methods in Konya Closed Basin, Turkey. The GPS and InSAR techniques which complement each other perfectly will be used to deduce spatial deformations caused by the land subsidence. The land subsidence activity in the area of Küçükköy situated at the Konya Closed Basin (KCB) of the Central Anatolia Region in Turkey has been studied using the Stanford Method for Persistent Scatterers (StaMPS) InSAR technique. Significant movements of land subsidence ranging from mm to cm per year were detected with ENVISAT ASAR data between 2003 and 2010 above the city center. Results are also compared with GNSS measurements. Estimated deformation rate of KCKY GPS station is approximately -2 cm/yr.
This short paper summarizes the effects of DEM errors influencing precision of deformation monito... more This short paper summarizes the effects of DEM errors influencing precision of deformation monitoring results using satellite SAR interferometry and presents basic mathematical approaches to quantify DEM accuracy needed for proper estimation of SAR interferometry parameters. While in case of appropriately large SAR dataset for Multi-Temporal Interferometry (MTI) processing the height difference is usually well estimated , still DEM accuracy should be carefully considered in case of using low number of images – and especially in case of processing differential InSAR with only one image pair. Depending on the interferogram pair combination characteristics, especially parameter known as perpendicular baseline (Bperp) describing the distance between satellite positions during their image acquisitions, the interferogram is more or less prone to DEM accuracy errors. In case of higher Bperp, a relatively high quality DEM is necessary to remove stereoscopic effect apparent in interferogram ...
Business approaches based on palm oil, brown coal and paper industry in the area of Balikpapan Ba... more Business approaches based on palm oil, brown coal and paper industry in the area of Balikpapan Bay in Indonesia are often inconsiderate to the surrounding environment and have a longterm negative impact on living conditions of local nature as well as inhabitants. Some areas have acquired a status of protected area lately. These are river embankments and bay coastlines. There is a need to monitor their current situation - some of the protected areas are endangered by illegal expansion of palm plantations etc. This contribution is to assess the potential and impact of application of satellite remote sensing technologies for practical needs of experts working on environmental issues of Balikpapan Bay area in Indonesia. Various aspects are covered, beginning by a simple inspect of devastation of forests using satellite images, for example to detect expansion of palm oil plantations or forest burned by local communities, continuing by remote sensing usage in assessing environmental impac...
The paper offers three examples of satellite SAR interferometry (InSAR) application for monitorin... more The paper offers three examples of satellite SAR interferometry (InSAR) application for monitoring dam deformations: Paradela, Raiva and Alto Ceira, all of them in Portugal. Dam deformations were estimated using several sets of ERS and Envisat C-band SAR data by PS-InSAR method that offers accuracy of a millimeter per year at monitoring man-made structures. The results show potential of InSAR but also summarize limits of C-band InSAR in these particular cases and can be handful to recognize applicability of new Sentinel-1 data (since 2014) for continuous monitoring of dam deformations. While Alto Ceira dam lies in SAR radar shadow and was represented by only one observable point, and the movement detected (in satellite line-of-sight direction) appears to fit with geodetical measurements. Raiva and Paradela dams were represented by sufficient number of points feasible for PS-InSAR processing. Deformations at slope near to Raiva dam and slow linear movements of the center of Paradela ...
The advantages of satellite radar interferometry for displacement monitoring are demonstrated in ... more The advantages of satellite radar interferometry for displacement monitoring are demonstrated in the cases of monitoring man-made structures, i.e., buildings, bridges and dams. Presented are the results from application of PSInSAR technology using ENVISAT radar images over urban area of Bratislava (Slovakia). As a whole, the investigated urban area of Bratislava is stable with the linear displacement trends of ±3 mm/year. However, a non-linear approach reveals small movements on the structures without prior interest of any regarding conventional monitoring technique. Thanks to the development of high resolution SAR sensors (e.g. TerraSAR-X) many permanent scatterers can be found in one individual man-made construction. Moreover, with the shorter revisit times, it is possible to process a long series of SAR data and expand standard PS model to account for a seasonal expansion due to changes in water level and/or temperature. The topic of separation between deformations and seasonal movements is discussed within the exploitation of TerraSAR-X data for deformation monitoring of Plover Cove Dam and building of Hyatt Hotel, both located in Hong Kong. Data have been processed using advanced processing techniques implemented in SARPROZ. These techniques show high potential for continuous monitoring of ground motion and structure stability in civil surveillance.
After two decades of existence of SAR satellites, their data processed by interferometric
techniq... more After two decades of existence of SAR satellites, their data processed by interferometric techniques (InSAR) allows a sensitive detection of terrain movements. Various projects have risen towards detection of landslide activity and thus possibility of early warning based on SAR data. The ability of InSAR techniques to detect a slope stability is limited and depends on an orientation of slope, a rate of movement, ratio of vegetation cover and temporal and spatial resolution of SAR images. This paper presents common issues found in past projects of the team of authors observing landslides using available satellite SAR data processed by various InSAR techniques. It is demonstrated that in some cases the basic differential InSAR combining two images only provides more valuable information compared to advanced multi-temporal InSAR techniques. The paper aims at providing guidelines for maximally successful detection of landslide activity and to introduce pros and cons of the InSAR as a method often discussed in geology and geophysics circles. We prove the doubtless potential of techniques using satellite-based InSAR to identify creeping movements of structures built at moving slopes and limited possibility to detect movements at moderately vegetated slopes by especially using L-band or by combination of winter-season SAR images and images within very short temporal difference. It is possible to overcome misinterpretation of results by proper understanding of sources of InSAR phase component at slopes, including phase due to SAR geometrical distortion, vegetation movement (vegetated mass movement) and atmosphere pressure changes correlated with height differences. Theoretically, an InSAR-based system to evaluate slope vulnerability to landslide can be combined with a flood prediction system to provide an early warning against threat of landslides. However the applicability of such system cannot be generalized - InSAR evaluation should be performed at site-to-site basis with detected movements checked on site. Deliverables can be maps of active slope movements as vulnerable areas, available to incorporate into national geological topical maps, and early warning can be provided only in case of detected accelerated rate of movements of buildings or other InSAR-monitored structures at the slopes.
The decrease of groundwater caused by the rapid increase in population, global warming, over-use ... more The decrease of groundwater caused by the rapid increase in population, global warming, over-use of water resources, and other influences is one of the most important problems of the world. The problems coming from the decrease of groundwater are not limited to loss of water resources. Depending on the decreasing water volume, a deformation and compaction are observed on aquifer systems that hold the groundwater.
The SAR Interferometry (InSAR) application has shown great potential in monitoring of land terrai... more The SAR Interferometry (InSAR) application has shown great potential in monitoring of land terrain changes and in detection of land deformations such as subsidence. Longer time analysis can lead to understand longer trends and changes. Using different bands of SAR satellite (C- from ERS 1-2 and Envisat, L- from ALOS) over the study area, we achieve knowledge of movements in long-term and evaluation of its dynamic changes within observed period of time. Results from InSAR processing fit with the position changes in vertical direction based on GPS network established over the basin as an effective geodetic network. Time series (StaMPS PS+SB) of several points over Çumra County in eastern part of Konya City show a general trend of the deformation that is expected to be approximately between -13 to -17 mm/year. Northern part of Karaman is affected by faster subsidence, borders of the subsidence trough were identified from Envisat. Presenting InSAR results together with GIS information about locations and time of occurrence of sudden subsidence, urban/industrial growth in time and climate changes helps in better understanding of the situation. This way, the impact of natural and man-made changes will be shown for urban planning thanks to InSAR and GIS comparisons with hydrogeological modeling. In this study we present results of differential and multitemporal InSAR series using different bands and GIS conjunction associated with seasonal and temporal groundwater level changes in Konya Closed Basin.
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Papers by Milan Lazecky
techniques (InSAR) allows a sensitive detection of terrain movements. Various projects have
risen towards detection of landslide activity and thus possibility of early warning based on SAR
data. The ability of InSAR techniques to detect a slope stability is limited and depends on an
orientation of slope, a rate of movement, ratio of vegetation cover and temporal and spatial
resolution of SAR images. This paper presents common issues found in past projects of the team
of authors observing landslides using available satellite SAR data processed by various InSAR
techniques. It is demonstrated that in some cases the basic differential InSAR combining two
images only provides more valuable information compared to advanced multi-temporal InSAR
techniques.
The paper aims at providing guidelines for maximally successful detection of landslide activity
and to introduce pros and cons of the InSAR as a method often discussed in geology and
geophysics circles. We prove the doubtless potential of techniques using satellite-based InSAR
to identify creeping movements of structures built at moving slopes and limited possibility to
detect movements at moderately vegetated slopes by especially using L-band or by combination
of winter-season SAR images and images within very short temporal difference. It is possible to
overcome misinterpretation of results by proper understanding of sources of InSAR phase
component at slopes, including phase due to SAR geometrical distortion, vegetation movement
(vegetated mass movement) and atmosphere pressure changes correlated with height differences.
Theoretically, an InSAR-based system to evaluate slope vulnerability to landslide can be
combined with a flood prediction system to provide an early warning against threat of landslides.
However the applicability of such system cannot be generalized - InSAR evaluation should be
performed at site-to-site basis with detected movements checked on site. Deliverables can be
maps of active slope movements as vulnerable areas, available to incorporate into national
geological topical maps, and early warning can be provided only in case of detected accelerated
rate of movements of buildings or other InSAR-monitored structures at the slopes.
Presenting InSAR results together with GIS information about locations and time of occurrence of sudden subsidence, urban/industrial growth in time and climate changes helps in better understanding of the situation. This way, the impact of natural and man-made changes will be shown for urban planning thanks to InSAR and GIS comparisons with hydrogeological modeling. In this study we present results of differential and multitemporal InSAR series using different bands and GIS conjunction associated with seasonal and temporal groundwater level changes in Konya Closed Basin.
techniques (InSAR) allows a sensitive detection of terrain movements. Various projects have
risen towards detection of landslide activity and thus possibility of early warning based on SAR
data. The ability of InSAR techniques to detect a slope stability is limited and depends on an
orientation of slope, a rate of movement, ratio of vegetation cover and temporal and spatial
resolution of SAR images. This paper presents common issues found in past projects of the team
of authors observing landslides using available satellite SAR data processed by various InSAR
techniques. It is demonstrated that in some cases the basic differential InSAR combining two
images only provides more valuable information compared to advanced multi-temporal InSAR
techniques.
The paper aims at providing guidelines for maximally successful detection of landslide activity
and to introduce pros and cons of the InSAR as a method often discussed in geology and
geophysics circles. We prove the doubtless potential of techniques using satellite-based InSAR
to identify creeping movements of structures built at moving slopes and limited possibility to
detect movements at moderately vegetated slopes by especially using L-band or by combination
of winter-season SAR images and images within very short temporal difference. It is possible to
overcome misinterpretation of results by proper understanding of sources of InSAR phase
component at slopes, including phase due to SAR geometrical distortion, vegetation movement
(vegetated mass movement) and atmosphere pressure changes correlated with height differences.
Theoretically, an InSAR-based system to evaluate slope vulnerability to landslide can be
combined with a flood prediction system to provide an early warning against threat of landslides.
However the applicability of such system cannot be generalized - InSAR evaluation should be
performed at site-to-site basis with detected movements checked on site. Deliverables can be
maps of active slope movements as vulnerable areas, available to incorporate into national
geological topical maps, and early warning can be provided only in case of detected accelerated
rate of movements of buildings or other InSAR-monitored structures at the slopes.
Presenting InSAR results together with GIS information about locations and time of occurrence of sudden subsidence, urban/industrial growth in time and climate changes helps in better understanding of the situation. This way, the impact of natural and man-made changes will be shown for urban planning thanks to InSAR and GIS comparisons with hydrogeological modeling. In this study we present results of differential and multitemporal InSAR series using different bands and GIS conjunction associated with seasonal and temporal groundwater level changes in Konya Closed Basin.