Syzygium cumini

Syzygium cumini
	; ; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Ilmiy tasniflash
	O‘simliklar
	Yuksak oʻsimliklar
	Gulli oʻsimliklar
	Ikki urugʻpallalilar
	Rosids
	Myrtales
	Myrtaceae
	Syzygium
	S. cumini
Binomial name
	Syzygium cumini; ; (L.) Skeels.
Synonyms
	List Calyptranthes caryophyllifolia Willd.; Calyptranthes cumini (L.) Pers.; Calyptranthes cuminodora Stokes; Calyptranthes jambolana (Lam.) Willd.; Calyptranthes jambolifera Stokes; Calyptranthes oneillii Lundell; Caryophyllus corticosus Stokes; Caryophyllus jambos Stokes; Eugenia brachiata Roxb.; Eugenia calyptrata Roxb. ex Wight & Arn.; Eugenia caryophyllifolia Lam.; Eugenia cumini (L.) Druce; Eugenia djouat Perrier; Eugenia fruticosa (DC.) Roxb.; Eugenia jambolana Lam.; Eugenia jambolifera Roxb. ex Wight & Arn.; Eugenia obovata Poir.; Eugenia obtusifolia Roxb.; Eugenia odorata Wight; Eugenia tenuis Duthie; Eugenia tsoi Merr. & Chun; Jambolifera chinensis Spreng.; Jambolifera coromandelica Houtt.; Jambolifera pedunculata Houtt.; Myrtus corticosa Spreng.; Myrtus cumini L.; Myrtus obovata (Poir.) Spreng.; Syzygium brachiatum (Roxb.) Miq.; Syzygium caryophyllifolium (Lam.) DC.; Syzygium fruticosum DC.; Syzygium jambolanum (Lam.) DC.; Syzygium obovatum (Poir.) DC.; Syzygium obtusifolium (Roxb.) Kostel.; Syzygium pseudojambolana Miq.; Syzygium tenue (Duthie) N.P.Balakr.;

Syzygium cumini, odatda Malabar olxo'risi, Java olxo'risi^[3], qora olxo'ri, jamun, jaman, jambul yoki jambolan^[4]^[5], - Myrtaceae gulli o'simliklar oilasiga mansub doim yashil tropik daraxt. Mevasi, yog'ochi uchun qadrlanadi^[5]. Uning vatani Hindiston yarim orollari, janubi- sharqiy Osiyoning qo'shni hududlari, jumladan Myanma, Shri Lanka va Andaman orollari^[4]^[2]. Uning bo‘yi 30 metr (98 ft) yetadi va 100 yildan ortiq yashashi mumkin^[4]. Tez o'sadigan o'simlik, u dunyoning ko'plab mintaqalarida invaziv tur hisoblanadi^[5].

Syzygium cumini Tinch okeani va Hind okeanlari orollari, Avstraliya, Gonkong va Singapur kabi hududlarda tabiiylashtirilgan^[6].

Daraxt Florida shtatiga 1911-yilda Qo'shma Shtatlar Qishloq xo'jaligi departamenti tomonidan kiritilgan va odatda butun dunyo bo'ylab tropik va subtropik mintaqalarda yetishtiriladi^[5]. Uning mevalarini turli mahalliy qushlar va kichik sutemizuvchilar, masalan, shoqolla, sivetlar va meva ko'rshapalaklar uchun ozuqa hisoblanadi^[5].

Tavsif

*Syzygium cumini* mevasining rangi pishganida yashildan pushti ranggacha, qon qizildan qora ranggacha o'zgaradi.

Tez o'sadigan tur bo‘yi 30 m (100 ft) gacha yetishi mumkin^[4]. Uning zich barglari juda yaxshi sota hosil qiladi va faqat bezak qiymati uchun o'stiriladi. Daraxt tagida poʻstloq qoʻpol va toʻq kulrang boʻlib, yuqoriroqda ochroq kulrang va silliqroq boʻladi. Yog'och pechda quritilganidan keyin suvga chidamli bo‘lib qoladi^[4]. Shu sababli, u temir yo'l shpallarida va quduqlarga motorlarni o'rnatish uchun ishlatiladi. Ba'zida u arzon mebel va qishloq uylarini ishlab chiqarish uchun ishlatiladi^[4].

Turpentinga o'xshash xushbo'y hidga ega bo'lgan barglar yoshligida pushti rangga ega bo'lib, pishganida terisi, yaltiroq to'q yashil rangga, o'rta qismi sariq rangga kiradi. Barglari chorva uchun ozuqa sifatida ishlatiladi^[7].

Syzygium cumini daraxtlari martdan aprelgacha gullaydi. Gullari xushbo'y va mayda, diametri taxminan 5 mm (0.2 in). Mevalar may yoki iyun oylarida rivojlanadi va katta rezavorlarga o'xshaydi; Syzygium turlarining mevasi " danak " deb ta'riflanadi^[8]. Mevasi cho'zinchoq, tuxumsimon. Pishmagan mevalar yashil rangda bo‘ladi. Pishib yetilgan sari rangi pushti rangga, so‘ngra to‘q qizil rangga va nihoyat qora rangga o‘zgaradi. Daraxtning oq rangli meva beradigan navlari bor. Meva shirin, yengil nordon ta‘mga ega^[4].

Invaziv turlar

Bu tur Florida, Janubiy Afrika, Karib dengizi qismlari, Okeaniyaning bir qancha orollari va Gavayida invaziv hisoblanadi^[5]^[6].

Pazandachilikda foydalanish

Jambolan mevalari shirin yoki ozgina kislotali ta'mga ega, xom holda iste'mol qilinadi. Ulardan sous yoki murabbo tayyorlanishi mumkin^[4].

Tarkibi

Xom meva 83% suv, 16% uglevodlar, 1% oqsil va kam miqdorda yog'ni o'z ichiga oladi.

Tarix

1889-yilda chop etilgan "Avstraliyaning foydali mahalliy o'simliklari" kitobida o'simlikni mahalliy avstraliyaliklar "durobbi" deb atashgani aytilgan. U qushlar tomonidan iste'mol qilinadi va uchuvchi tulkining (Brandis) sevimli taomidir^[9]. Meva an'anaviy tibbiyotda ishlatilgan^[4]^[10].

Hindistonda madaniy va diniy ahamiyati

Srimad Bhagavatam sharhida (10.30.25 oyat), Srila Visvanatha Chakravarti Thakuraning "Shri Rupa Chintamani" va "Ananda Kandrika" da aytib o'tilganidek, Krishnaning o'ng oyog'ida jambu mevasining to'rtta ramzi borligi aytilgan^[11].

Maxarashtrada Syzygium cumini barglari nikoh gulchambarida ishlatiladi. 1977-yilda suratga olingan “Jait Re Jait” filmidagi qoʻshiq “Jambhul Piklya Zaadakhali” matnida jambulan ishtirok etgan.

Mevalardan tashqari, neredu daraxtining yog'ochidan (bu mintaqa tilida, Telugu deb ataladi) Andxra-Pradeshda buqa aravalari g'ildiraklari va boshqa qishloq xo'jaligi jihozlarini tayyorlash uchun foydalanilgan.

Tamilnaddagi afsonada Sangam davridagi tamil tilida naval pazham deb ataladigan jamun mevasi haqida gapiriladi. Aytishlaricha, Avvaiyar erishilishi kerak bo'lgan hamma narsaga erishganiga ishongan holda, naval pazham daraxti ostida dam olayotganda Tamil adabiy faoliyatidan nafaqaga chiqish haqida o'ylagan^[12].

Galereya

Ko'chatlar
Yetuk daraxt
Barglarning yaqindan ko'rinishi
Yosh o'simlik
Urug'lar
Urug'lar
Gul kurtaklari va ochilgan gullar
Mevalar
Mevalar
Meva
Bozorda sotiladigan pishgan mevalar

Ma'lumotnomalar

↑ Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI).; IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group (2019). "Syzygium cumini". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T49487196A145821979. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T49487196A145821979.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
↑ ^2,0 ^2,1 ^2,2 "Syzygium cumini".
↑ Manba xatosi: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named GRIN
↑ ^4,0 ^4,1 ^4,2 ^4,3 ^4,4 ^4,5 ^4,6 ^4,7 ^4,8 Julia F Morton. „Jambolan, Syzygium cumini Skeels“. In: Fruits of Warm Climates, p. 375–378; NewCROP, New Crop Resource Online Program, Center for New Crops and Plant Products, Purdue University (1987). Qaraldi: 2020-yil 3-iyul. Manba xatosi: Invalid <ref> tag; name "morton" defined multiple times with different content
↑ ^5,0 ^5,1 ^5,2 ^5,3 ^5,4 ^5,5 „Syzygium cumini (black plum)“. CABI (2019-yil 21-noyabr). Qaraldi: 2020-yil 3-iyul. Manba xatosi: Invalid <ref> tag; name "cabi" defined multiple times with different content
↑ ^6,0 ^6,1 „Syzygium cumini“. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (2011-yil 30-dekabr). Manba xatosi: Invalid <ref> tag; name "pier" defined multiple times with different content
↑ The encyclopedia of fruit & nuts, By Jules Janick, Robert E. Paull, p. 552
↑ Chen, Jie; Craven, Lyn A., „Syzygium“, in Wu, Zhengyi; Raven, Peter H.; Hong, Deyuan (muh.), Flora of China (online), eFloras.org, qaraldi: 2015-08-13
↑ J. H. Maiden. The useful native plants of Australia : Including Tasmania. Turner and Henderson, Sydney, 1889.
↑ „Syzygium cumini (black plum)“. CABI (2019-yil 21-noyabr). Qaraldi: 2020-yil 3-iyul."Syzygium cumini (black plum)".
↑ Vishvanatha, Cakravarti Thakura. Sarartha-darsini, Bhanu Swami, Sri Vaikunta Enterprises, 2011 — 790-bet. ISBN 978-81-89564-13-1.
↑ Ramadevi, B.. „The saint of the masses“. The Hindu (2014-yil 3-mart). 2021-yil 1-mayda asl nusxadan arxivlangan.

[iucn_status_19_November_2021-1] Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI).; IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group (2019). "Syzygium cumini". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T49487196A145821979. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T49487196A145821979.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.

[WCSP-2] 2,0 ^2,1 ^2,2 "Syzygium cumini".

[GRIN-3] Manba xatosi: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named GRIN

[morton-4] 4,0 ^4,1 ^4,2 ^4,3 ^4,4 ^4,5 ^4,6 ^4,7 ^4,8 Julia F Morton. „Jambolan, Syzygium cumini Skeels“. In: Fruits of Warm Climates, p. 375–378; NewCROP, New Crop Resource Online Program, Center for New Crops and Plant Products, Purdue University (1987). Qaraldi: 2020-yil 3-iyul. Manba xatosi: Invalid <ref> tag; name "morton" defined multiple times with different content

[cabi-5] 5,0 ^5,1 ^5,2 ^5,3 ^5,4 ^5,5 „Syzygium cumini (black plum)“. CABI (2019-yil 21-noyabr). Qaraldi: 2020-yil 3-iyul. Manba xatosi: Invalid <ref> tag; name "cabi" defined multiple times with different content

[pier-6] 6,0 ^6,1 „Syzygium cumini“. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (2011-yil 30-dekabr). Manba xatosi: Invalid <ref> tag; name "pier" defined multiple times with different content

[janick-7] The encyclopedia of fruit & nuts, By Jules Janick, Robert E. Paull, p. 552

[FoC-8] Chen, Jie; Craven, Lyn A., „Syzygium“, in Wu, Zhengyi; Raven, Peter H.; Hong, Deyuan (muh.), Flora of China (online), eFloras.org, qaraldi: 2015-08-13

[9] J. H. Maiden. The useful native plants of Australia : Including Tasmania. Turner and Henderson, Sydney, 1889.

[10] „Syzygium cumini (black plum)“. CABI (2019-yil 21-noyabr). Qaraldi: 2020-yil 3-iyul."Syzygium cumini (black plum)".

[11] Vishvanatha, Cakravarti Thakura. Sarartha-darsini, Bhanu Swami, Sri Vaikunta Enterprises, 2011 — 790-bet. ISBN 978-81-89564-13-1.

[12] Ramadevi, B.. „The saint of the masses“. The Hindu (2014-yil 3-mart). 2021-yil 1-mayda asl nusxadan arxivlangan.

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Syzygium cumini


Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)^[1]
Ilmiy tasniflash
	O‘simliklar
	Yuksak oʻsimliklar
	Gulli oʻsimliklar
	Ikki urugʻpallalilar
	Rosids
	Myrtales
	Myrtaceae
	Syzygium
	S. cumini
Binomial name
*Syzygium cumini* (L.) Skeels.^[2]
Synonyms^[2]
List Calyptranthes caryophyllifolia Willd. Calyptranthes cumini (L.) Pers. Calyptranthes cuminodora Stokes Calyptranthes jambolana (Lam.) Willd. Calyptranthes jambolifera Stokes Calyptranthes oneillii Lundell Caryophyllus corticosus Stokes Caryophyllus jambos Stokes Eugenia brachiata Roxb. Eugenia calyptrata Roxb. ex Wight & Arn. Eugenia caryophyllifolia Lam. Eugenia cumini (L.) Druce Eugenia djouat Perrier Eugenia fruticosa (DC.) Roxb. Eugenia jambolana Lam. Eugenia jambolifera Roxb. ex Wight & Arn. Eugenia obovata Poir. Eugenia obtusifolia Roxb. Eugenia odorata Wight Eugenia tenuis Duthie Eugenia tsoi Merr. & Chun Jambolifera chinensis Spreng. Jambolifera coromandelica Houtt. Jambolifera pedunculata Houtt. Myrtus corticosa Spreng. Myrtus cumini L. Myrtus obovata (Poir.) Spreng. Syzygium brachiatum (Roxb.) Miq. Syzygium caryophyllifolium (Lam.) DC. Syzygium fruticosum DC. Syzygium jambolanum (Lam.) DC. Syzygium obovatum (Poir.) DC. Syzygium obtusifolium (Roxb.) Kostel. Syzygium pseudojambolana Miq. Syzygium tenue (Duthie) N.P.Balakr.