Butterflyfish sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

{{Avtomatik taksonquti
| kenja_turkum = Chaetodontidae
}}
{| class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"
! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)" |Butterflyfishes<br /><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Temporal range: <span class="noprint"><span style="display:inline-block;">72–0&nbsp;[[Megaannum|Ma]]</span> </span><div style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:97%;">
<div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:207.23076923077px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,217,106); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><span class="noprint">[[Precambrian|PreꞒ]]</span></div>
<div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,160,86); left:37.636923076923px; width:18.073846153846px;"><span class="noprint">[[Cambrian|Ꞓ]]</span></div>
<div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,146,112); left:55.710769230769px; width:14.08px;"><span class="noprint">[[Ordovician|O]]</span></div>
<div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(179,225,182); left:69.790769230769px; width:8.3261538461539px;"><span class="noprint">[[Silurian|S]]</span></div>
<div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(203,140,55); left:78.116923076923px; width:20.409230769231px;"><span class="noprint">[[Devonian|D]]</span></div>
<div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(103,165,153); left:98.526153846154px; width:20.307692307692px;"><span class="noprint">[[Carboniferous|C]]</span></div>
<div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,64,40); left:118.83384615385px; width:15.907015384615px;"><span class="noprint">[[Permian|P]]</span></div>
<div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,43,146); left:134.74086153846px; width:17.126830769231px;"><span class="noprint">[[Triassic|T]]</span></div>
<div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(52,178,201); left:151.86769230769px; width:19.055384615385px;"><span class="noprint">[[Jurassic|J]]</span></div>
<div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,198,78); left:170.92307692308px; width:26.738461538462px;"><span class="noprint">[[Cretaceous|K]]</span></div>
<div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,154,82); left:197.66153846154px; width:14.543692307692px;"><span class="noprint">[[Paleogene|Pg]]</span></div>
<div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,230,25); left:212.20523076923px; width:6.9215384615385px;"><span class="noprint">[[Neogene|N]]</span></div>
<div style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"><div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:195.63076923077px; width:24.369230769231px; background-color:#360; opacity:0.42; "></div>
<div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:195.63076923077px; width:24.369230769231px; background-color:#360; opacity:1; "></div>
<div style="position:absolute; height:6px; top:1px; left:196.63076923077px; width:22.369230769231px; background-color:#6c3;"></div>
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</div></div>
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center" |
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%" |Various examples of butterflyfishes, along with angelfishes
|- style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"
|-
! colspan="2" style="min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)" |[[Taxonomy (biology)|Scientific classification]] <span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;">[[Fayl:Red_Pencil_Icon.png|link=Template:Taxonomy/Chaetodontidae| e ]]</span>
|-
|Kingdom:
|[[Animal|Animalia]]
|-
|Phylum:
|[[Chordate|Chordata]]
|-
|Class:
|[[Actinopterygii]]
|-
|Order:
|[[Perciformes]]
|-
|Suborder:
|[[Percoidei]]
|-
|Family:
|[[Butterflyfish|Chaetodontidae]]<br /><br /><small>[[Constantine Samuel Rafinesque|Rafinesque]], 1810</small>
|- style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)" |[[Genera]]
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align: left" |
About 10, see [[Butterflyfish#Genera|text]]
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)" |[[Synonym (taxonomy)|Synonyms]]
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align: left" |
Chaetodontinae <small>(but see [[Butterflyfish#Taxonomy, systematics and evolution|text]])</small>
|}
'''Kapalak baliqlari — Chaetodontidae''' '''oilasiga''' mansub koʻzga yaqin  [[Tropik mintaqalar|tropik]] [[Okean|dengiz]] [[Baliqlar|baliqlari]] guruhi; '''bannerfish''' va '''marjonlar''' ham shu guruhga kiradi. 12 [[Urugʻ (zoologiya)|turkumdagi]] taxminan 129 [[Tur (biologiya)|turni]]<ref>{{veb manbasi|url=http://www.fishbase.org/summary/FamilySummary.php?ID=343|sarlavha=FAMILY Details for Chaetodontidae - Butterflyfishes|ish=www.fishbase.org}}</ref> o'z ichiga oladi. Asosan [[Atlantika okeani|Atlantika]], [[Hind okeani|Hind]] va [[Tinch okeani|Tinch okeanlari riflarida]] uchraydi. Bir qator turlar  Hind va Tinch okeanlarida uchraydi.

Butterflyfishlar farishta baliqlarining (Pomacanthidae) kichikroq versiyalariga o'xshaydi, ammo ulardan farqli o'laroq,  oldingi tikanlar yo'q. ''Heniochus'' turining  ba'zi vakillari monotipik Zanclidae ning Moorish butiga (''Zanclus cornutus'') o'xshaydi. Parafiletik [[Olabugʻa baliqlar|Perciformes]] orasida birinchisi, ehtimol, kapalak baliqlari bilan unchalik yaqin  emas.

== Tavsif va ekologiya ==
[[Fayl:Schooling_bannerfish.JPG|alt=Fish bearing two strong black stripes separated by one strong white stripe with long white tendril as dorsal fin|thumb| Soxta mavriy butlar maktabi, ''Heniochus diphreutes'']]
Kelebek baliqlari asosan {{Convert|12|to|22|cm}} gacha uzunlikda bo'ladi. Eng yirik turlari qatorli kapalak va egar kapalak ''C. ephippium'' {{Convert|30|cm}} gacha o'sadi.  Umumiy ranglari  qora, oq, ko'k, qizil, to'q sariq va sariq ranglarni o'z ichiga olgan ko'plab turlarning yorqin rangli va ajoyib naqshli tanasiga ishora qiladi. Boshqa turlar xira rangga ega. Kapalak baliqlari deyarli barcha marjon riflarida va har bir tropik okeanda uchraydi. Ularning yorqin va rangli naqshlari ko'p e'tiborga sazovor bo'lib, ularning xatti-harakatlari va atrof-muhit haqida ko'plab ma'lumotlarni beradi.<ref>Smith, W. (2003). The evolution of the laterophysic connection with a revised phylogeny and taxonomy of butterflyfishes (Teleostei: Chaetodontidae). Cladistics the International Journal of the Willi Hennig Society., 19(4), 287–306. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0748-3007(03)00070-7</ref> Ko'pchiligining yon tomonlarida ko'z dog'lari va ko'zlari bo'ylab qorong'u chiziqlar bor, bu kapalak qanotlarida ko'rinadigan naqshlardan farq qilmaydi.<ref name="EoF">
{{kitob manbasi|editor=Paxton, J.R.|last=Johnson, G.D.|year=1998|title=Encyclopedia of Fishes|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaoffi00unse|publisher=Academic Press|location=San Diego|pages=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaoffi00unse/page/184 184]|isbn=978-0-12-547665-2}}</ref> Ularning chuqur, lateral tor jismlari rif hayotining ko'pligi orqali osongina seziladi. Kelebek baliqlarining ko'zga ko'rinadigan rangi turlararo aloqa uchun mo'ljallangan bo'lishi mumkin. Kapalak baliqlarining dum qanotlari bilan uzluksiz orqa qanotlari bor, ular yumaloq yoki kesilgan bo'lishi mumkin, lekin hech qachon vilkalar bo'lmaydi.

Odatda kunduzgi va tez-tez suvlar {{Convert|18|m}} dan kam chuqur (ba'zi turlari {{Convert|180|m}} ga tushadi, kapalak baliqlari ma'lum uy oralig'iga yopishadi. Bu marjonlar, ayniqsa, hududiy bo'lib, juftlarni hosil qiladi va ma'lum bir marjon boshiga da'vo qiladi. Bundan farqli ravishda, zooplankton oziqlantiruvchilar katta o'ziga xos guruhlarni tashkil qiladi. Kechasi kapalak baliqlari rif yoriqlarida yashirinadi va sezilarli darajada farq qiladi.

Ranglari tufayli ular mashhur [[akvarium]] baliqlari sanaladi. Biroq, aksariyat turlari [[marjon]] poliplari va [[Aktiniyalar|dengiz anemonlari]] bilan oziqlanadi. Yirtqichlar va yirtqichlarning nisbiy populyatsiyalarini muvozanatlash juda murakkab, shuning uchun akvaristlarning sevimli mashg'ulotlariga e'tiborni bir nechta generalistlar va zooplankton oziqlantiruvchilarga qaratishga olib keladi.

Butterflyfish - pelagik tuxum qo'yuvchilar; ya'ni ular [[Plankton|planktonning]] bir qismi boʻlgan ko'plab suzuvchi tuxumlarni suvga qo'yib yuborishadi, ular yorib chiqgunga  qadar oqimlar bo'ylab suzadi. Qovuq [[Lichinka|lichinkadan]] keyingi baliqning tanasi boshidan cho'zilgan katta, suyakli plastinkalar bilan qoplangan boʻlgan tolixtis bosqichidan o'tadi. Yetuklik davrida ular suyak plitalarini yo'qotadilar.<ref name="EoF"/> Faqat bitta boshqa baliq oilasi, skatlar (Scatophagidae) bunday suyaklanish bosqichni ifodalaydi.

== Taksonomiya, sistematika va evolyutsiya ==
Chaetodontidae odatda , ikki turkumga bo'linadi , ehtimol ular kichik oilalardir. '''Chaetodontinae kenja''' nomi Pomacanthidae va Chaetodontidae oxirgi nom ostida yagona oila sifatida birlashgan davrdan qolgan kam qo'llaniladigan nomdir. Shunday qilib, Chaetodontinae bugungi kunda Chaetodontidae ning kichik sinonimi hisoblanadi. Qanday bo'lmasin, Chaetodontidae avlodlaridan biri (zamonaviy ma'noda) ''Chaetodon'' atrofida "an'anaviy " kapalak baliqlarini o'z ichiga [[Urugʻ (zoologiya)|oladi]], ikkinchisi esa bannerfish va marjonlarni birlashtiradi.<ref name="fw2007">Fessler & Westneat (2007)</ref>

Chaetodontidae ''"Dunyo baliqlari"'' ning 5-nashrida [[Turkum|Percoidei kichik]] turkumiga kiritilgan, ammo ular Percoidea kichik oilasidan  boshqa boʻlgan  nomsiz turkumga kiritilgan. Ushbu turkumda Acanthuroide, Monodactylidae va Priacanthidae bilan  o'xshashligi  boʻlgan 7 oila mavjud.<ref name="Nelson5">{{kitob manbasi|title=Fishes of the World|edition=5th|last=J. S. Nelson|year=2016|pages=453|publisher=Wiley|isbn=978-1-118-34233-6|url=https://sites.google.com/site/fotw5th/}} {{Webarxiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408194051/https://sites.google.com/site/fotw5th/ |date=2019-04-08 }}</ref> Boshqa ixtiologlar  oilani Leiognathidae oilasi bilan bir qatorda Chaetodontiformes tartibiga kirgizadilar.<ref name="Betancur-Rodriguez-4">{{jurnal manbasi|last=R. Betancur-Rodriguez|last2=E. Wiley|last3=N. Bailly|last4=A. Acero|last5=M. Miya|last6=G. Lecointre|last7=G. Ortí|doi=10.1186/s12862-017-0958-3|title=Phylogenetic Classification of Bony Fishes – Version 4|year=2017|journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology|volume=17|issue=162|page=162|pmid=28683774|pmc=5501477}}</ref>

DNK ketma-ketligi yaratilishidan oldin , [[taksonomiya]] ularni turlar yoki kichik turlar sifatida bo'lishda chalkashlik bor  edi. Bundan tashqari, ''Chaetodondan'' ajralib chiqish uchun ko'plab kichik oilalar  taklif qilingan va agar xohlasangiz, jinsni qanday ajratish mumkinligi aniq bo'ladi.<ref>Fessler & Westneat (2007), Hsu ''et al.'' (2007)</ref>

Ushbu guruhning qazilma qoldiqlari marginaldir. Ularning [[marjon riflari]] bilan cheklanishi shuni anglatadiki, ularning  chavoqlari  suv oqimi tomonidan tarqalib ketishi, [[Marjon|marjonlar]] tomonidan o'stirilishi va toshga aylanganlarning har biri [[Eroziya|eroziyadan]] uzoq vaqt  ichida omon qolmagan. Biroq, ''Pigey'', [[Yevropa|Evropaning]] o'rtalari va kechki [[Eotsen]] davridagi juda yaxshi saqlangan bazal fotoalbom bo'lib, taxminan 40-37 million yil oldingi davrga  (Mya) Bartoniyaliklarga tegishli. Shunday qilib, Chaetodontidae, ehtimol, eotsenning boshida va o'rtalarida paydo boʻlgan.<ref>Sepkoski (2002), Fessler & Westneat (2007)</ref>

=== Genera ===
Bannerfish-marjonlar avlodini yana ikki turkumga  bo'lish mumkin; Bularni oilalar  deb hisoblash mumkin, lekin rasmiy jihatdan ajratilmagan. Avlodlar taxminiy filogeniya tartibida eng qadimiydan eng kichigigacha sanab oʻtilgan:<ref name="fw2007">Fessler & Westneat (2007)</ref> 

* ''Amphichaetodon'' <small>Burgess, 1978-yil</small>
* ''Koradion'' <small>Kaup, 1860-yil</small>
* ''Chelmon'' <small>Cloquet, 1817-yil</small>
* ''Chelmonops'' <small>Bleeker, 1876</small> yil

'''Bannerfish/marjon baliqlari nasli 2:'''

* ''Forcipiger'' <small>Jordan va McGregor, 1898-yil</small>
* ''Hemitaurichthys'' <small>Bleeker, 1876</small> yil
* ''Heniochus'' <small>[[Georges Cuvier|Cuvier]], 1816-yil</small>
* ''Jonrandallia'' <small>Nalbant, 1974-yil</small>

'''"Odat" kapalak baliqlari''' oxir-oqibatda ko'proq turlarga ega bo'lishi mumkin; ''Chaetodonga'' qarang:

* ''Chaetodon'' <small>[[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758-yil</small>
* ''Parachaetodon'' <small>Bleeker, 1874-yil</small>
* ''Prognathodes'' <small>Gill, 1862-yil</small>
* ''Roa'' <small>Jordan, 1923-yil</small>
<gallery>
Fayl:Seattle Aquarium, 1.JPG|[[Copperband butterflyfish|Mis tasmali kapalak baliqlari]], ''Chelmon rostratus''
Fayl:Johnrandallia nigrirostris.jpg|Sirli ''[[Johnrandallia nigrirostris|Jonrandallia nigrirostris]]''
Fayl:Chaetodon kleinii.jpg|[[Sunburst butterflyfish|Sunburst kapalak]] baliqlari (ba'zan ''Lepidochaetodonda'' joylashgan)
Fayl:Bep chaetodon bennetti.jpg|[[Bluelashed butterflyfish|Moviy kapalak baliqlari]], ''Chaetodon bennetti (ba'zan'' Megaprotodonda joylashgan '')''
</gallery>

== Qo'shimcha o'qish ==

* Pratchett, Morgan S. & Berumen, Maykl L. va Kapur, BG [Muharrirlar] : ''Kapalak baliqlarining biologiyasi.'' CRC Press, 2014.{{ISBN|978-1-4665-8290-3}}

== Manbalar ==

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*   (2007): Molecular phylogenetics of the butterflyfishes (Chaetodontidae): Taxonomy and biogeography of a global coral reef fish family. ''[[Molekulyar filogenetika va evolyutsiya|Mol. Phylogenet. Evol.]]'' '''45'''(1): 50–68. <small>doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.05.018</small> (HTML abstract)
*   [2008]: [http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/FamilySummary.cfm?ID=343 Family Chaetodontidae – Butterflyfishes]. Retrieved 2008-SEP-02.
*   (2007): Molecular phylogeny of ''Chaetodon'' (Teleostei: Chaetodontidae) in the Indo-West Pacific: evolution in geminate species pairs and species groups. ''Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement'' '''14''': 77–86. [http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s14/s14rbz10_Hsu-pp77-86.pdf PDF fulltext] {{Webarxiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070811042056/http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s14/s14rbz10_Hsu-pp77-86.pdf |date=2007-08-11 }}
*   (2002): [''Chaetodon'']. ''In:'' A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. ''Bulletins of American Paleontology'' '''364''': 560. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090220223520/http://strata.ummp.lsa.umich.edu/jack/showgenera.php?taxon=611&rank=class HTML database excerpt]

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{{Manbalar}}
[[Turkum:Pages with unreviewed translations]]