Papers by Marcin Rudnicki
Wiadomości Numizmatyczne, 2012
The subject of this study are gold coins, formerly attributed to the coinage of the Menapii, whic... more The subject of this study are gold coins, formerly attributed to the coinage of the Menapii, which in the seventies of the 20th century Karel Castelin referred to as staters of the Cracovian type, struck by Celts near Kraków. When the latest publications connected with them appeared, the number of known specimens of the type amounted to seven, and currently it has increased to seventeen. The aim of this study is to use the new possibilities of modification of the former findings concerning staters of the Cracovian type. The present study has discussed the problems concerning the definition of this type, its origin and changes it has undergone with the passage of time — both in respect of iconography and metrology. This is connected with a suggestion as to a new typological division of the discussed coins. Also the issues concerning their circulation and data were not omitted, as the finds from recent years throw a new light on them. The summary includes reflection of historical nature, including an attempt to connect the Cracovian type with Lugii.
wiadomości numizmatyczne, 2012
The chapter written together with M. Rudnicki and A. Strobin in a book: "The Past Societ... more The chapter written together with M. Rudnicki and A. Strobin in a book: "The Past Societies. Polish lands from the first evidence of human presence to the early Middle Ages", vol. 4: "500 BC - 500 AD" (ed. A. Rzeszotarska-Nowakiewicz), Warszawa 2016, pp. 133-161.
The Migration Period between the Oder and the Vistula (2 vols), 2020
The paper presents new finds of the Roman military equipment and Migration-period militaria from ... more The paper presents new finds of the Roman military equipment and Migration-period militaria from Kujawy (central Poland). The former group embraces appliques, mounts and decorations of Roman horse harness and soldiers' attire, e.g. phallic and vulva-shaped pendants, shell-shaped fittings, belt buckles, apron studs, scabbard chape and beneficiarius emblem. They are dated from the 1st until the 5th c. but their majority come from the 3rd c.; one may explain it by the Roman recruitment of the barbarian warriors during the time of the Gallic Empire (Imperium Galliarum). For the the other periods other explanations may be used. Set of Migration Period military equipment is presented as well. It proves long duration of the (post) Przeworsk-culture martial structures into the 5th and 6th c. regardless general depopulation of the Central European Barbaricum.
Wiadomości Numizmatyczne, 2011
The collection of Celtic coins from Poland has recently increased by another find, deserving spec... more The collection of Celtic coins from Poland has recently increased by another find, deserving special attention. By virtue of the circumstances of its discovery, it can be perceived as part of the whole wide spectrum of a constantly growing amount of coincidental finds in our country – whether anybody likes it or not. On the grounds of rigorous legal solutions concerning the property rights of relics found in the earth binding in Poland, data concerning this category of sources rarely reach the scientific circles formally. Nevertheless, if it were not for them, our knowledge about the past, including the circulation of money in antiquity, would be not only far incomplete but simply out of touch with reality, whose learning is, after all, the main subject of the scientific research of numismatists and archaeologists. Gathering information about coincidental and “hobby” finds was one of the stages of the preliminary research of all the accessible sources concerning Celtic coins connected with the area of Poland, carrier out by the author from the end of 2006 r. However, making a database which is relatively complete, and at least representative, would not be possible, however, if it had not been for the kindness and cooperation from amateur-numismatists and history lovers. Thanks to one of them, information about the unknown type of the Celtic coin, which the find published here is, can get to the scientific circulation.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne, 2007
The chapter written together with M. Rudnicki and A. Strobin in a book: "The Past Societies.... more The chapter written together with M. Rudnicki and A. Strobin in a book: "The Past Societies. Polish lands from the first evidence of human presence to the early Middle Ages", vol. 4: "500 BC - 500 AD" (ed. A. Rzeszotarska-Nowakiewicz), Warszawa 2016, pp. 133-161.
M. KARWOWSKI – B. KOMORÓCZY – P. TREBSCHE (Hrsg.) AUF DEN SPUREN DER BARBAREN – ARCHÄOLOGISCH, HISTORISCH, NUMISMATISCH (ARCHÄOLOGIE DER BARBAREN 2015) SPISY ARCHEOLOGICKÉHO ÚSTAVU AV ČR BRNO 60, BRNO 2019, 51–64, 2019
The hoard recovered at Nowa Wieś Głubczycka in Upper Silesia in southern Poland before 2010 conta... more The hoard recovered at Nowa Wieś Głubczycka in Upper Silesia in southern Poland before 2010 contained approximately 1000 denarii from
the period of the Roman Republic and the reign of Emperor Augustus. At the time of preparation of this paper, more detailed information
is available on a group of 126 denarii from the deposit (including three denarii of Emperor Augustus struck after 27 BC and a Numidian
denarius of Juba I). The oldest coin in the recognised part of the hoard was minted in 155 BC and the latest, in the period 15–13 BC. There
is no evidence that the hoard contained imitations or the legionary denarii of Mark Antony. However, the most crucial discovery associated
with the deposit from Nowa Wieś Głubczycka is the presence of one of the coins (a denarius of Marcus Aemilius Lepidus from 61 BC) with
a countermark (I)MP∙VES. Countermarks with the name of Vespasian are dated to the 70s AD. This establishes the terminus post quem of
the deposition of this hoard and of the influx of coins it contained from the territory of the Roman Empire. Using the data on the newly found
hoard and other finds of denarii of the Roman Republic and of the first emperors now available from the territory of Poland, we can draw
a number of conclusions. First, the influx of the Republican silver to the north of the Carpathians was probably of more extended duration
and presumably spans from the second half of the 1st century to the 70s AD, possibly even later. Second, the most likely direction of this
influx is from Dacia, although the Republican denarii could have entered also from the Middle Danube region. The causes of this influx are
less clear and may have been related to economy or politics.
A C T A A R C H A E O L O G I C A C A R P A T H I C A, 2016
Recent discoveries from the Kuyavia region provided a number of finds that change our perception ... more Recent discoveries from the Kuyavia region provided a number of finds that change our perception of the continuity of inhabitation in the Kuyavia area after the disappearance of the Przeworsk culture settlement structures related to the Pre-Roman and Roman Periods. The settlement in Kuyavia existed also during the Migration Period at least until the 7 th c. The settlement complex in Gąski-Wierzbiczany, from which the belt purse fastenings presented in the following paper came, seems to be of particular importance. The fastenings are dated to the 2 nd half of the 4 th and the beginnings of the 5 th c., i.e., the decline of the Late Roman Period and the onset of the Migration Period. Until recently, they were known from the areas neighbouring the Roman Empire boundary — limes — and from Roman military camps in Rhaetia. Currently, their list significantly extended, and the range of their occurrence expanded and includes the east Germany and Bohemia. At the same time the finds form Kuyavia (most likely made on-the-spot) are among specimens located furthest to the east. It seems that these unique finds of purse fastenings from the southeastern and eastern peripheries of Europe might be explained through the existence of a cultural centre in Kuyavia that facilitated the propagation of western cultural patterns, in this case related to outfit of warriors. K e y w o r d s: Roman Period; Migration Period; Kuyavia; Przeworsk Culture
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Papers by Marcin Rudnicki
the period of the Roman Republic and the reign of Emperor Augustus. At the time of preparation of this paper, more detailed information
is available on a group of 126 denarii from the deposit (including three denarii of Emperor Augustus struck after 27 BC and a Numidian
denarius of Juba I). The oldest coin in the recognised part of the hoard was minted in 155 BC and the latest, in the period 15–13 BC. There
is no evidence that the hoard contained imitations or the legionary denarii of Mark Antony. However, the most crucial discovery associated
with the deposit from Nowa Wieś Głubczycka is the presence of one of the coins (a denarius of Marcus Aemilius Lepidus from 61 BC) with
a countermark (I)MP∙VES. Countermarks with the name of Vespasian are dated to the 70s AD. This establishes the terminus post quem of
the deposition of this hoard and of the influx of coins it contained from the territory of the Roman Empire. Using the data on the newly found
hoard and other finds of denarii of the Roman Republic and of the first emperors now available from the territory of Poland, we can draw
a number of conclusions. First, the influx of the Republican silver to the north of the Carpathians was probably of more extended duration
and presumably spans from the second half of the 1st century to the 70s AD, possibly even later. Second, the most likely direction of this
influx is from Dacia, although the Republican denarii could have entered also from the Middle Danube region. The causes of this influx are
less clear and may have been related to economy or politics.
the period of the Roman Republic and the reign of Emperor Augustus. At the time of preparation of this paper, more detailed information
is available on a group of 126 denarii from the deposit (including three denarii of Emperor Augustus struck after 27 BC and a Numidian
denarius of Juba I). The oldest coin in the recognised part of the hoard was minted in 155 BC and the latest, in the period 15–13 BC. There
is no evidence that the hoard contained imitations or the legionary denarii of Mark Antony. However, the most crucial discovery associated
with the deposit from Nowa Wieś Głubczycka is the presence of one of the coins (a denarius of Marcus Aemilius Lepidus from 61 BC) with
a countermark (I)MP∙VES. Countermarks with the name of Vespasian are dated to the 70s AD. This establishes the terminus post quem of
the deposition of this hoard and of the influx of coins it contained from the territory of the Roman Empire. Using the data on the newly found
hoard and other finds of denarii of the Roman Republic and of the first emperors now available from the territory of Poland, we can draw
a number of conclusions. First, the influx of the Republican silver to the north of the Carpathians was probably of more extended duration
and presumably spans from the second half of the 1st century to the 70s AD, possibly even later. Second, the most likely direction of this
influx is from Dacia, although the Republican denarii could have entered also from the Middle Danube region. The causes of this influx are
less clear and may have been related to economy or politics.
Editor of Volume 4: Aleksandra Rzeszotarska-Nowakiewicz;
ISBN: 978-83-63760-91-5;
Warsaw 2016
As far as Polish archaeology is concerned, the time has clearly come for preparing such a synthesis, since the previous work of this kind (Prahistoria ziem polskich l-V) was published over 25 years ago. The new discoveries, new interpretations, and new research approaches developed by the new generation of scholars studying the material remains of the past urgently require a proper synopsis. [...]
The present volumes are the work of 60 authors formally divided into five teams. In order to curb the "separatist" effects of the traditional systematization of prehistory and protohistory (into the Palaeolithic Era, the Mesolithic Era, the Neolithic Era, the Bronze Age, the Iron Age, and the Early Middle Ages), we employed a strictly chronological criterion: volume one encompasses the period between ca. 500,000 BC and 5,500 BC; volume two - between 5,500 BC and 2,000 BC; volume three - between 2,000 BC and 500 BC; volume four - between 500 BC and 500 AD; and volume five - between 500 AD and 1000 AD. Such an artificial division mitigates the sharpness of the traditional "pivotal moments" and at the same time emphasizes the accelerating nature of socio-cultural changes. [...]