Papers by Modupe Oluwasegun
Biokemistri
About 90% of women have been reported to become anaemic in pregnancy in sub Saharan Africa and In... more About 90% of women have been reported to become anaemic in pregnancy in sub Saharan Africa and India. Sorghum bicolor sheath (SBS) has been scientifically proven to be effective in anaemia treatment, but the safety of its consumption during pregnancy is unknown. Thirty-nine (39) female rats of weight 160 ± 20 g were used for this study. The test group was daily administered 800 mg/kg body weight aqueous extract of SBS. The animals were sacrificed in batches on days 7, 14 and 19. Selected hormonal assay and haematology were carried out, the uteri of the pregnant rats were observed for changes and the organ-body weight ratio calculated. The results showed a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the weight, progesterone, oestrogen and number of implantations in the test group by day 14 of the experiment. A significant increase (p < 0.05) was observed in the haematological parameters of the test group. There was also a 50% resorption noticed in the pregnant rats administered the extract compared with the control rats, with no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the organ-body weight ratio of the liver. It was concluded from this study that Sorghum bicolor sheath extract possess abortifacient activity.
Elsevier, 2020
Analytical methods for quantifying and monitoring the degradation of micronutrients added to food... more Analytical methods for quantifying and monitoring the degradation of micronutrients added to food are crucial to food fortification programs. In the case of folic acid in fortified salts, there are difficulties in developing an effective analytical method due to interference of salt in the standard HPLC methods, as salt precipitates in the HPLC column. To circumvent the problem, a spectrophotometric method was developed to quantify folic acid and monitor its degradation in salt. A distinct absorption wavelength was selected for folic acid in sodium carbonate solution. Of the three wavelengths where maximum absorption was observed for folic acid, 285 nm was selected as being selective for folic acid in the presence of pteroic acid, glutamic acid, aminobenzoic acid, and other products of degradation of folic acid. The method was calibrated for 1-25 μg/mL folic acid (R 2 ¼ 1). The recovery was 100 AE 1.2% and 100 AE 1.8% for folic acid in salt and solution, respectively. The limit of detection and quantification for this method is 0.011 μg/mL and 0.033 μg/mL, respectively. The method is accurate, precise, and selective for folic acid in the presence of potential products of folic acid degradation, and is suitable for monitoring folic acid degradation in fortified salt.
Elsevier, 2021
A process for simultaneous delivery of iron, iodine, folic acid, and vitamin B 12 through salt as... more A process for simultaneous delivery of iron, iodine, folic acid, and vitamin B 12 through salt as a potential and holistic approach to ameliorate anaemia and reduce maternal and infant mortality is presented. Two approaches for adding folic acid and B 12 to salt during double fortification with iron and iodine were investigated. Attempts to add both micronutrients through the iodine spray solution were unsuccessful. Hence, folic acid was added through a stabilized iodine solution, and B 12 was added through the iron premix. Four approaches used to incorporate B 12 into the iron premix were investigated: (1) co-extruding B 12 with iron, (2) spraying B 12 on the surface of the iron extrudate, (3) adding B 12 to the colour masking agent, and (4) adding B 12 to the outer coating. Of these approaches, coextrusion (1) was the best, based on the ease of production and stability of fortificants. The salt formulated with the solid iron-B 12 premix and sprayed iodine and folic acid solution contained 1000 ppm iron, 50 ppm iodine, 25 ppm folic acid, and 0.25 ppm B 12. Over 98% of B 12 , 93% folic acid, and 94% iodine were retained after 6-month storage in the best formulation. This technology can simultaneously deliver iron, iodine, folic acid, and vitamin B 12 in a safe and stable salt enabling public health measures for improved health at a minimal additional cost.
As many of the maternal and child health complications result from folic acid, iron, and iodine d... more As many of the maternal and child health complications result from folic acid, iron, and iodine deficiencies; it makes sense to combat these simultaneously. We have developed cost-effective technology to deliver these three micronutrients simultaneously through salt. Our goal was to retain at least 70% of the micronutrients during 6 months of storage. The fortified salt was formulated by spraying a solution that contained 2% iodine and 0.5% or 1% folic acid onto salt and adding encapsulated ferrous fumarate. The formulated triple fortified salt contained 1,000 ppm iron, 50 ppm iodine, and 12.5 or 25 ppm folic acid. The spray solution and the salt were stored for 2 and 6 months respectively at 25, 35, and 45 °C 60 to 70% relative humidity. Even at 45 °C, over 70% of both iodine and folic acid were retained in the salt. The best formulation based on the color of the salt and stability of iodine and folic acid contained 12.5 ppm folic acid, 50 ppm iodine, and 1,000 ppm iron. These results indicate that iron, iodine, and folic acid can be simultaneously delivered to a vulnerable population through salt using the technology described. Also, the quality control of the process can be developed around pteroic acid that was detected as a primary degradation product of folic acid. Practical Application: The technology developed is already transferred to India for industrial scale up. When fully operational, the technology will simultaneously solve iron, iodine, and folic acid deficiencies in vulnerable populations at a very low cost.
Journal of Nutrition&Intermediary Metabolism, 2018
The use of herb in the treatment of diseases, including nutrient-related diseases, remains the la... more The use of herb in the treatment of diseases, including nutrient-related diseases, remains the last resort in many villages. The lack of prescription for most of these herbs may negate the undoubtful efficacy of these herbs. Hence, this study seeks to propose an optimal dose of the aqueous extract of the stem bark of Theobroma cacao (TC) in the treatment of anemia and comparing the effect of this extract with that of Mangifera indica L (MI). Forty-eight weanling albino rats of both sexes (Rattus norvegicus) with a mean weight of 48.00 g ± 3.00 g were used in the study. Eight of the animals were placed on iron sufficient diet while the rest of the animals were placed on the iron deficient diet. After the four weeks, the animals were placed on iron deficient were confirmed to be iron deficient via their haematologic indexes. The iron deficient rats were then divided into nine sub groups. Each of the group of the animals was assigned different conditions for two weeks. 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg body weight of MI were administered to three of the groups. 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg body weight of TC were administered to three of the groups. A standard iron supplement drug was administered to one of the groups, the feed on one of the groups was changed to iron sufficient diet, and the last group was maintained on the iron deficient diet. The haematologic index, the intestinal disaccharidases of the animals were assayed after the treatments. The weight gained by the animal was also recorded. The iron sufficient diet and the aqueous extract from the two plants significantly increased the haematologic indexes assayed, packed cell volume, hemoglobin and red blood cell, in the animal after two weeks of administration. While increasing the dose of MI increased all the haematologic indexes in the animal, otherwise was the case for the aqueous extract of TC. Although given all the doses, the extract of MI seems to be more effective than TC, if the effect of the lowest dose, 25 mg/ kg body weight is considered, TC is more effective as an anti anaemic substance than MI. The extract and iron sufficient diet also increased the activities of the intestinal lactase and sucrase in the animals. While the iron and phytochemicals in the extract seem to be acting in synergy in the increasing of the hae-matologic indexes, the iron content alone seems to be responsible their action on the intestinal di-saccharidases. Just as proposed for MI, 25 mg/kg body weight of TC seems to be the optimal dose for the treatment.
Iron deficiency is a micronutrient deficiency which is common in the developing regions of the wo... more Iron deficiency is a micronutrient deficiency which is common in the developing regions of the world. Mangifera indica is one of the plants
used traditionally in the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia especially in the South Western region of Nigeria. This study was carried out to
determine the bioactive agent found in Mangifera indica responsible for its anti-anaemic action.
40 (forty) albino rats were used for the experiment, the iron deficient group were fed with an iron deficient feed for 8weeks, this induced
iron deficiency anaemia. The stem bark of Mangifera indica was pulverized, extracted with ethanol and subsequently with n-hexane and ethyl acetate solvents, these fractions were then concentrated using a rotary evaporator, the fractions were screened for the phytochemicals present.
The iron deficient animals were administered with 1ml of the ethyl acetate, n-hexane and ethanolic solvent fractions dissolved in distilled water for 2 weeks.
The results showed significant (P<0.05) increase in the PCV, RBC and the serum ferritin level of the groups administered with the extracts
when compared with the iron sufficient and iron deficient control groups and saponins were found to be present in the three extract fractions.
It was concluded that saponins might be the bioactive agent responsible for the heamotopoietic action of Mangifera indica by acting either as
a facilitator in diffusion of iron for absorption or making iron readily available for absorption as an antioxidant.
Iron deficiency, the main cause of anaemia, has been linked with decreased disaccharidases activi... more Iron deficiency, the main cause of anaemia, has been linked with decreased disaccharidases activity. The
highest prevalence of iron deficiency is recorded in Africa where plants, including Mangifera indica, with
ethnobotanical claims of being used for the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia are ‘housed’. Although
some scientific findings have been reported on the anti-anaemic potential of M. indica, none is yet to give
a clearer picture of this ethnobotanical claim. This work investigates the effects of aqueous extract of M.
indica stem bark on iron deficiency anaemia and disaccharidases' activities in iron deficient rat. The
aqueous extract formulated into three doses, 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg body weight were administered to
weanling albino rats induced with iron deficiency through diet. After four weeks of feeding the rats, the
Packed Cell Volume, Haemoglobin concentration and Red Blood Cell count of the iron deficient rats were
significantly reduced (P < 0.05) compared to those of healthy rats fed with iron sufficient feed. These iron
status indicators were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in rats treated with the extract when compared
with untreated rats. The extract also revert decreased sucrase and lactase activity in treated iron deficient
rats when compared with untreated rats. The efficacy of the extract may be due to its components
including iron, saponin and cardiac glycosides. This work proposed 25 mg/kg body weight as the likely
non-lethal effective dose of the extract for the treatment of anaemia, though, further toxicological studies
are still required to ascertain this claim
Thesis Chapters by Modupe Oluwasegun
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Papers by Modupe Oluwasegun
used traditionally in the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia especially in the South Western region of Nigeria. This study was carried out to
determine the bioactive agent found in Mangifera indica responsible for its anti-anaemic action.
40 (forty) albino rats were used for the experiment, the iron deficient group were fed with an iron deficient feed for 8weeks, this induced
iron deficiency anaemia. The stem bark of Mangifera indica was pulverized, extracted with ethanol and subsequently with n-hexane and ethyl acetate solvents, these fractions were then concentrated using a rotary evaporator, the fractions were screened for the phytochemicals present.
The iron deficient animals were administered with 1ml of the ethyl acetate, n-hexane and ethanolic solvent fractions dissolved in distilled water for 2 weeks.
The results showed significant (P<0.05) increase in the PCV, RBC and the serum ferritin level of the groups administered with the extracts
when compared with the iron sufficient and iron deficient control groups and saponins were found to be present in the three extract fractions.
It was concluded that saponins might be the bioactive agent responsible for the heamotopoietic action of Mangifera indica by acting either as
a facilitator in diffusion of iron for absorption or making iron readily available for absorption as an antioxidant.
highest prevalence of iron deficiency is recorded in Africa where plants, including Mangifera indica, with
ethnobotanical claims of being used for the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia are ‘housed’. Although
some scientific findings have been reported on the anti-anaemic potential of M. indica, none is yet to give
a clearer picture of this ethnobotanical claim. This work investigates the effects of aqueous extract of M.
indica stem bark on iron deficiency anaemia and disaccharidases' activities in iron deficient rat. The
aqueous extract formulated into three doses, 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg body weight were administered to
weanling albino rats induced with iron deficiency through diet. After four weeks of feeding the rats, the
Packed Cell Volume, Haemoglobin concentration and Red Blood Cell count of the iron deficient rats were
significantly reduced (P < 0.05) compared to those of healthy rats fed with iron sufficient feed. These iron
status indicators were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in rats treated with the extract when compared
with untreated rats. The extract also revert decreased sucrase and lactase activity in treated iron deficient
rats when compared with untreated rats. The efficacy of the extract may be due to its components
including iron, saponin and cardiac glycosides. This work proposed 25 mg/kg body weight as the likely
non-lethal effective dose of the extract for the treatment of anaemia, though, further toxicological studies
are still required to ascertain this claim
Thesis Chapters by Modupe Oluwasegun
used traditionally in the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia especially in the South Western region of Nigeria. This study was carried out to
determine the bioactive agent found in Mangifera indica responsible for its anti-anaemic action.
40 (forty) albino rats were used for the experiment, the iron deficient group were fed with an iron deficient feed for 8weeks, this induced
iron deficiency anaemia. The stem bark of Mangifera indica was pulverized, extracted with ethanol and subsequently with n-hexane and ethyl acetate solvents, these fractions were then concentrated using a rotary evaporator, the fractions were screened for the phytochemicals present.
The iron deficient animals were administered with 1ml of the ethyl acetate, n-hexane and ethanolic solvent fractions dissolved in distilled water for 2 weeks.
The results showed significant (P<0.05) increase in the PCV, RBC and the serum ferritin level of the groups administered with the extracts
when compared with the iron sufficient and iron deficient control groups and saponins were found to be present in the three extract fractions.
It was concluded that saponins might be the bioactive agent responsible for the heamotopoietic action of Mangifera indica by acting either as
a facilitator in diffusion of iron for absorption or making iron readily available for absorption as an antioxidant.
highest prevalence of iron deficiency is recorded in Africa where plants, including Mangifera indica, with
ethnobotanical claims of being used for the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia are ‘housed’. Although
some scientific findings have been reported on the anti-anaemic potential of M. indica, none is yet to give
a clearer picture of this ethnobotanical claim. This work investigates the effects of aqueous extract of M.
indica stem bark on iron deficiency anaemia and disaccharidases' activities in iron deficient rat. The
aqueous extract formulated into three doses, 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg body weight were administered to
weanling albino rats induced with iron deficiency through diet. After four weeks of feeding the rats, the
Packed Cell Volume, Haemoglobin concentration and Red Blood Cell count of the iron deficient rats were
significantly reduced (P < 0.05) compared to those of healthy rats fed with iron sufficient feed. These iron
status indicators were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in rats treated with the extract when compared
with untreated rats. The extract also revert decreased sucrase and lactase activity in treated iron deficient
rats when compared with untreated rats. The efficacy of the extract may be due to its components
including iron, saponin and cardiac glycosides. This work proposed 25 mg/kg body weight as the likely
non-lethal effective dose of the extract for the treatment of anaemia, though, further toxicological studies
are still required to ascertain this claim