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SANA MALIK

Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Housing, Building & Planning, Graduate Student

University of Management and Technology, Architecture and Town planning, Faculty Member

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Sana Malik currently pursing doctoral study in School of Housing, Building & Planning (HBP), Universiti Sains Malaysia. She is currently on study leave University of Management and Technology (Pakistan), where she was working as Assistant Professor in School of Architecture and Planning. Sana does research in Housing, Urban/Rural Sociology and Architectural design. Her current PhD thesis is focused on institutional stakeholder collaborations for low-income housing provision in case of Pakistan.
Supervisors: Ruhizal Roosli and Supervisor

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Papers by SANA MALIK

An Investigation of House Designs in Lahore: Transformation of Residential Architecture from traditional to modern

Journal of Design and Built Environment, 2019

Many historic cities display the expression of individual and cultural identity as a common pheno... more Many historic cities display the expression of individual and cultural identity as a common phenomenon in house designs; this paper inspects it in context of Lahore city. Study is focused on architectural transformation of house designs based on lifestyles of different time periods in Lahore. The objective is to highlight the key modifications in designing of houses over time period of half century. It is believed that home is the most endearing structure to be built given the poignant connection of dwellers to their living spaces. In Lahore, houses show diverse architectural profile as a result of socioeconomic changes and global influences; these demand to investigate the present prototype of traditional versus modern house design in Lahore. A case study of traditional as well as modern house was conducted using field inspection and typological analysis. Findings of such design focused research provide helpful insights for practitioners and academicians of contemporary architecture in Lahore and other likewise cities, about major spatial and design alterations in order to achieve a balanced approach in residential architecture.

CBO Based Microfinancing in Pakistan: Comparative Analysis of Akhuwat Foundation and Kashf Foundation

Global Social Sciences Review, 2021

Poverty is a risk to harmony, which results in the dismissal of human rights. Microfinance is a t... more Poverty is a risk to harmony, which results in the dismissal of human rights. Microfinance is a tool that is famous across the world as a solution to alleviate poverty. Through this tool, lowincome households can have permanent access to a range of high-quality and affordable financial services that are offered by a range of retail providers. Community-based organizations, commonly known as "CBO", play a vital role in providing microfinance to the needy group of people, which determined the relationship between microfinance and poverty alleviation. This research presents a comparative study between Akhuwat Foundation and Kashf Foundation microfinance models for providing housing finance to low-income groups. A qualitative approach has been applied to determine the relationship between microfinance and poverty alleviation. In-depth interviews are conducted with working staff and borrowers of Akhuwat Foundation and Kashf Foundation (microfinance organizations). The research concludes that both organizations strive to alleviate poverty and to enhance the living standard of low-income people through mutual support in the system. The study also suggests that these organizations should need to emphasize more on the diversified needs of the poor people and must aim to serve the most extremely poor strata of the population.

Institutional stakeholder collaborations (ISCs): a conceptual framework for housing research

Journal of Housing & Built Environment, 2021

Housing development calls for collaboration through a multipronged and concerted effort from all ... more Housing development calls for collaboration through a multipronged and concerted effort from all stakeholders to acquire resources within institutional arrangements set by state and local governments. Despite growing attention by UN-Habitat towards the New Urban Agenda for affordable housing, the role of institutional collaboration among stakeholders has been overlooked. For purpose of the present research, a structured literature review was conducted based on 33 papers collaborative archetypes in the affordable housing sector. A typology of key collaborative approaches in housing research and practice is presented jointly to juxtapose these approaches emphasizing the integration of stakeholder engagement with institutional patterns of resource acquisition. The present study offers a conceptual framework of Institutional Stakeholder Collaborations (ISCs) beyond the conventional definitions and concepts of collaboration. The ISCs framework offers a two-level agenda, encouraging scholars and academicians to examine stakeholder engagements and resource dependency patterns within the institutional arrangements for future empirical research, to navigate the affordable housing provision effectively. Finally, this research advances the collaboration theory integrating resource dependence, institutional, and stakeholder theories.

The Dynamics of Psychological Approach in Designing spaces– A Study of Architecture Students

Journal of Art, Architecture & Built Environment (JAABE), 2019

Policy Framework and Institutional Arrangements: Case of Affordable Housing Delivery for Low-Income Groups in Punjab, Pakistan

Housing Policy Debate, 2019

Provision of affordable housing for low-income groups is constrained precariously in Punjab, the ... more Provision of affordable housing for low-income groups is constrained precariously in Punjab, the largest province of Pakistan, because of a complex institutional framework and overlapping roles of government authorities at federal, provincial, and local levels. This article is a reflexive study that covers a broader aspect of the Punjabi Housing system, drawing a framework of current institutional arrangements in practice for affordable housing provision. Although it draws on an institutional analytical framework, the article is grounded in applying structural analysis to the study of public institutions within the housing sector, which provides a much-needed theoretical framework for analyzing housing institutional arrangements under the current dynamic political environment within the country. The study is an effort to fill gaps in the literature in understanding the intricate practices and processes of public housing institutions with overlapping jurisdictions and roles. The article argues for streamlining the federal, provincial, and local governments to provide an enabling environment to deal with affordable housing policy and provision issues by reexamining the respective institutional structures. Some previous studies relevant to housing policies and projects are also reviewed, followed by an empirical analysis of institutional arrangements; finally, ways forward are suggested toward key policy and empirical implications.

Study of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Process in Scotland, Malaysia and Pakistan.

by Dr. Fariha Tariq and SANA MALIK

An Overview of Shared Ownership & Shared Equity: Recommendations for Sustainable Housing in Pakistan. Malik, S., Tariq, F., Mujahid, B., & Gul.

by Dr. Fariha Tariq and SANA MALIK

Journal of Social Sciences and Humanity. Volume 26, Number 2, Autumn 2018.

Home ownership is an establishment of facilities and comforts including shelter, safety, social a... more Home ownership is an establishment of facilities and comforts including shelter, safety, social and physical benefits. With the passage of time, this home ownership has become biggest dilemma, due to congestion and rapid urbanization within mega cities. Pakistan, like many other developing countries is facing severe problems of housing shortage due to increasing number of people in the city centers. The present paper encompasses review study based on concepts and practices of shared ownership and shared equity in UK and USA. In lieu of it, findings and discussions being analyzed in qualitative manner through content analysis show that it has been effective in providing shelter to deserving groups of people. The objective of this paper is to explore the appropriateness of these housing models as way out for housing challenges in Pakistan. Research revealed that housing policies with inclusion of shared equity and shared ownership frameworks by non-*

An Investigation of House Designs in Lahore: Transformation of Residential Architecture from traditional to modern

by SANA MALIK and Ku Azhar Ku Hassan

Journal of Design & Built Environment, 2019

Many historic cities display the expression of individual and cultural identity as a common pheno... more Many historic cities display the expression of individual and cultural identity as a common phenomenon in house designs; this paper inspects it in context of Lahore city. Study is focused on architectural transformation of house designs based on lifestyles of different time periods in Lahore. The objective is to highlight the key modifications in designing of houses over time period of half century. It is believed that home is the most endearing structure to be built given the poignant connection of dwellers to their living spaces. In Lahore, houses show diverse architectural profile as a result of socioeconomic changes and global influences; these demand to investigate the present prototype of traditional versus modern house design in Lahore. A case study of traditional as well as modern house was conducted using field inspection and typological analysis. Findings of such design focused research provide helpful insights for practitioners and academicians of contemporary architecture in Lahore and other likewise cities, about major spatial and design alterations in order to achieve a balanced approach in residential architecture.

The Academic Research Community Publication Land Tenure Security and Resident's Stability in Squatter Settlements of Lahore

by SANA MALIK and Muhammad Salman

The Academic Research Community Publication, 2019

Squatters have now become integral part of urban centers in most developing countries like Pakist... more Squatters have now become integral part of urban centers in most developing countries like Pakistan, with Lahore experiencing growth of such informal settlements at its peak. A myriad of issues and challenges associated with economic, social, spatial, environmental and political contexts within squatters has become a great hindrance towards home improvement and better life style. Tenure security brings a sense of homeownership to socioeconomically disadvantaged households. Recently, promotion of increased security of tenure of all whether living in formal or informal settlements has been affirmed by New Urban Agenda of Habitat III. Therefore, it is need of the time to look into present tenure types of squatters being offered by the city to solve problem of housing backlog and to provide promote inclusivity ensuring healthy, affordable and sustainable environment for all inhabitants. Proposed argument has got stronger foundation due to comparative analysis of squatter having secured land tenure with squatter of unsecure tenure. In this paper we explore that tenure security is one of the key factors which leads to resident's stability, through case study approach by investigating two squatters based on their tenure types. The data collected through questionnaire will help us to identify other key factors associated with resident stability in squatters. Study reveals that limited secured tenure options and poor governance in present urban scenario projects as major obstacles in coping with urban sprawl and squatter settlements. Findings help us to understand the phenomena of inter-connection of land tenure security and residential stability of squatters in Lahore, suffering from housing shortage and informal settlements.

An Overview of Shared Ownership & Shared Equity: Recommendations for Sustainable Housing in Pakistan

Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities , 2019

Home ownership is an establishment of facilities and comforts including shelter, safety, social a... more Home ownership is an establishment of facilities and comforts including shelter, safety, social and physical benefits. With the passage of time, this home ownership has become biggest dilemma, due to congestion and rapid urbanization within mega cities. Pakistan, like many other developing countries is facing severe problems of housing shortage due to increasing number of people in the city centers. The present paper encompasses review study based on concepts and practices of shared ownership and shared equity in UK and USA. In lieu of it, findings and discussions being analyzed in qualitative manner through content analysis show that it has been effective in providing shelter to deserving groups of people. The objective of this paper is to explore the appropriateness of these housing models as way out for housing challenges in Pakistan. Research revealed that housing policies with inclusion of shared equity and shared ownership frameworks by non-*

Investigation of informal housing challenges and issues: experiences from slum and squatter of Lahore

Journal of housing & Built Environment, 2019

The twin problems of uncontrolled urbanization and shortfall of affordable housing for low income... more The twin problems of uncontrolled urbanization and shortfall of affordable housing for low income groups are the bane of almost all developing countries. This is true in case of Pakistan undergoing rapid urban transformation with 207 million population at present. According to UN resources, half of the country’s urban population i.e. more than 27 million people continue to live in informal settlements. Lahore being the second largest city, is home to 11 million people, covering more than 300 informal housing settlements in the form of slums and squatters. Adoption of informal housing is a depiction of poor governance system, showing little concerns for welfare of urban poor. This paper investigates the issues of informal housing based on field research and in-depth interviews of the residents of Karol Ghatti slum and Qalandarpura squatter. The objective of the study is to understand the complex phenomena of informal housing development by digging out respective reasons and their impacts on dwellers as a part of their daily survival challenge. Results confirm that inhabitants of slum and squatters exhibit socio-economic deprivations and lack basic infrastructure. This paper delivers a complete synthesis informal housing issues by providing social, environmental, operational and physical constructs, which can lead to thorough understanding and thus, are viable approaches to tackle the challenge of slums and squatters at a national level.

Appraisal of National Housing Policy - A Case of Pakistan

NCIA-AMB MASUK KAMPUNG PROJECT: A PARADIGM OF OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES FOR SUSTAINABLE RURAL DEVELOPMENT

by SANA MALIK and Dr. Fariha Tariq

Malaysian government is focused to accomplish world-class living standard of whole nation by year... more Malaysian government is focused to accomplish world-class living standard of whole nation by year 2025 through sustainable development irrespective of regional, religious and ethnic boundaries. The Northern Corridor Implementation Authority (NCIA) is an organization set up for the implementation of Koridor Utara (Northern Corridor Economic Region, NCER) in Malaysia for achieving this vision. Such economic corridors are aimed to elevate the income levels through agriculture, manufacturing, logistics, education and tourism. The execution of development projects always impact the involved community in multiple dimensions. Masuk Kampung Project at Pantai Murni, Yan Kedah was one of the NCIA initiatives in collaboration with AMB (Akademi Binaan Malaysia). This paper draws out a conceptual framework of community perceptions associated with this project based on qualitative research. Viewpoints studied through interviews and participant observation helped in fabricating the opportunities and challenges connected with rural development. Findings revealed that community perception is of key importance and their prime reflections can be beneficial to policy makers, stakeholders, academicians and civil society in shaping the policy agenda for future projects of same nature in Malaysia. Hence, the study is a contribution to understanding development projects aiming at rural areas on national and global channels.

Developing Countries Perspective on Housing Affordability: Recommendations for Pakistan

Conservation analysis of Gali Surjan Singh: a study of architectural and social aspects

by SANA MALIK and Dr. Fariha Tariq

Heritage sites and buildings are of vital importance. Study of such heritage sites unfolds exciti... more Heritage sites and buildings are of vital importance. Study of such heritage sites unfolds exciting information about the history of early civilizations and, most importantly, the architecture of that era. Like other South Asian countries, Pakistan is also rich with heritage sites and buildings. Unfortunately, these heritage sites and buildings have mostly been ignored by the concerning authorities. Recently, a conservation program named as the Royal Trail at Dehli Gate section of Walled City, Lahore was launched through the collaboration of the Punjab Government and the Agha Khan Trust for Culture (AKTC), purpose of which was to revitalize the residential architecture and quality of social life of the Gali Surjan Singh by incorporating community participation for conducting the conservation in a sustainable manner. Primarily data has been collected through questionnaires and informal interviews of the residents. An in-depth comparison of the area before, during and after conservation is also included in the layout of conducted research. The aim is to study changes in the physical and social dimensions of the constructed environment of Gali Surjan, which resulted from the intervention of the conservation program. The documented pre-and postconservation changes mark the significance of the study.

1-Study of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Process in Scotland, Malaysia and Pakistan.pdf

Documenting the Architectural Characteristics of the Cathedral Church of the Resurrection, Lahore

The Cathedral Church of the Resurrection is a spectacular, monumental structure having distinctiv... more The Cathedral Church of the Resurrection is a spectacular, monumental structure having distinctive features of Gothic architecture located on Mall Road, Lahore. In the nineteenth century, British rulers developed this road as the foremost city centre after they established their government in the area. Other important buildings situated on this road are High Court, General Post Office, Town Hall, Montgomery Hall, Punjab University, Atchison College, churches and cathedrals. Among various structures, the enormity of this Cathedral reflects its glory in cosmic green meadows. The artistic style of Gothic architecture introduced by the British is truly represented in this monument. Every day, many Christians visit this church to perform their sacramental obligations. In addition, the Cathedral includes a missionary school, known as Lahore Cathedral School. The structure seems to be intact, but a closer examination reveals the reality of major aspects in need of attention. This research was carried out by closely scrutinizing numerous fragments of the Cathedral through surveys and photographic documentation. This paper highlights the distinct character of the monument by assessing its architectural features in detail and concluding various measures needed to conserve the monuments heritage.

PERCEPTION OF HOUSE DESIGN IN ISLAM: EXPERIENCES FROM SAUDI ARABIA AND PAKISTAN

Islamic planning principles offer guidance for designing home spaces. Islam as a code of life pro... more Islamic planning principles offer guidance for designing home spaces. Islam as a code of life provides view points for designing houses and human interaction within these dwellings. The teachings of Sunnah and Shari'ah help in creating righteous and healthy individual, community and ultimately creating a healthy society. All such grooming principles originate from a home, whereas the structure and design of a house is given a form by considering local context, and human needs and different phases of planning and designing. One can observe many distinguishing examples of customary architecture of Islamic houses, in different Muslim and Arab countries. The objective of this research is to study the assimilation of Islamic housing concepts in different cultural settings by analyzing the contemporary house designs in Saudi Arabia and Pakistan. The research methodology is based on literature review and typological analysis of house designs of similar dwelling type. The analysis has further divided into different sections of house planning and design in light of Islamic teachings and cultural backgrounds. The paper scrutinizes the presence of architectural expression of Islamic perspective which administrated the design concept of the Muslim houses in said countries. Furthermore, it highlights the unique Islamic characteristics of residential designto provide a complete picture of current housing pattern adopted by Muslims of different geographical context.

Urbanization and Transforming Urban Form of Asian Cities – Cases of Bangkok, Tokyo & Mumbai

Cities under the influence of urbanization around the globe have experienced new shifts in urban ... more Cities under the influence of urbanization around the globe have experienced new shifts in urban policies and development. The paper discusses the transformation of Asian megacities through urbanization and the response of cities towards this paradigm of urbanization in terms of infrastructure policies and urban planning. The study is broadly divided into two sections. The first section is about urbanism and its connection with smooth working of cities. The second section is structured on impacts of urbanization with particular focus on how the urbanization is transforming the urban form Asian cities. This pattern of urban development being rapidly implied at more than one place at a time around the globe, demands for comparison of regional policies to effectively deal with impacts of urbanization for the sustainable growth of cities.

Rapid Urbanization: Problems and Challenges for Adequate Housing in Pakistan

Urbanization is accelerating at an exponential rate in developing countries and it has now become... more Urbanization is accelerating at an exponential rate in developing countries and it has now become the modern trend of today's globalized world which is making a very rapid progress with the support of everyday innovative technology. This new tradition of modernization is prompting people to leave their homes and to get exposure to the world. As everything comes naturally with positive and negative impacts, one wants to see how this big change is affecting our world. Asia, in particular is the most affecting continent where one can see the rapid growth of urbanization. This paper examines various aspects of urbanization in Asia region and taking Pakistan as prototype of urbanization phenomena. The reason behind the study is the lack of formal housing in urban spaces as one of the major consequences of unplanned and uncontrolled modernization of cities in Pakistan. The analytical insight into current issues and challenges faced by Pakistan, because of increasing population and rising trend of migration toward urban centers, will serve in identifying the problems in right direction. Answers and solutions only then can be formatted based on the organized examination of existing problems. Affordable housing is the new remedy for the current problem of urban housing and it has been accepted by the urban poor like a holy thing. It has something to serve in real or it's just a superficial concept to give a timely relief to poor community.

An Investigation of House Designs in Lahore: Transformation of Residential Architecture from traditional to modern

Journal of Design and Built Environment, 2019

Many historic cities display the expression of individual and cultural identity as a common pheno... more Many historic cities display the expression of individual and cultural identity as a common phenomenon in house designs; this paper inspects it in context of Lahore city. Study is focused on architectural transformation of house designs based on lifestyles of different time periods in Lahore. The objective is to highlight the key modifications in designing of houses over time period of half century. It is believed that home is the most endearing structure to be built given the poignant connection of dwellers to their living spaces. In Lahore, houses show diverse architectural profile as a result of socioeconomic changes and global influences; these demand to investigate the present prototype of traditional versus modern house design in Lahore. A case study of traditional as well as modern house was conducted using field inspection and typological analysis. Findings of such design focused research provide helpful insights for practitioners and academicians of contemporary architecture in Lahore and other likewise cities, about major spatial and design alterations in order to achieve a balanced approach in residential architecture.

CBO Based Microfinancing in Pakistan: Comparative Analysis of Akhuwat Foundation and Kashf Foundation

Global Social Sciences Review, 2021

Poverty is a risk to harmony, which results in the dismissal of human rights. Microfinance is a t... more Poverty is a risk to harmony, which results in the dismissal of human rights. Microfinance is a tool that is famous across the world as a solution to alleviate poverty. Through this tool, lowincome households can have permanent access to a range of high-quality and affordable financial services that are offered by a range of retail providers. Community-based organizations, commonly known as "CBO", play a vital role in providing microfinance to the needy group of people, which determined the relationship between microfinance and poverty alleviation. This research presents a comparative study between Akhuwat Foundation and Kashf Foundation microfinance models for providing housing finance to low-income groups. A qualitative approach has been applied to determine the relationship between microfinance and poverty alleviation. In-depth interviews are conducted with working staff and borrowers of Akhuwat Foundation and Kashf Foundation (microfinance organizations). The research concludes that both organizations strive to alleviate poverty and to enhance the living standard of low-income people through mutual support in the system. The study also suggests that these organizations should need to emphasize more on the diversified needs of the poor people and must aim to serve the most extremely poor strata of the population.

Institutional stakeholder collaborations (ISCs): a conceptual framework for housing research

Journal of Housing & Built Environment, 2021

Housing development calls for collaboration through a multipronged and concerted effort from all ... more Housing development calls for collaboration through a multipronged and concerted effort from all stakeholders to acquire resources within institutional arrangements set by state and local governments. Despite growing attention by UN-Habitat towards the New Urban Agenda for affordable housing, the role of institutional collaboration among stakeholders has been overlooked. For purpose of the present research, a structured literature review was conducted based on 33 papers collaborative archetypes in the affordable housing sector. A typology of key collaborative approaches in housing research and practice is presented jointly to juxtapose these approaches emphasizing the integration of stakeholder engagement with institutional patterns of resource acquisition. The present study offers a conceptual framework of Institutional Stakeholder Collaborations (ISCs) beyond the conventional definitions and concepts of collaboration. The ISCs framework offers a two-level agenda, encouraging scholars and academicians to examine stakeholder engagements and resource dependency patterns within the institutional arrangements for future empirical research, to navigate the affordable housing provision effectively. Finally, this research advances the collaboration theory integrating resource dependence, institutional, and stakeholder theories.

The Dynamics of Psychological Approach in Designing spaces– A Study of Architecture Students

Journal of Art, Architecture & Built Environment (JAABE), 2019

Policy Framework and Institutional Arrangements: Case of Affordable Housing Delivery for Low-Income Groups in Punjab, Pakistan

Housing Policy Debate, 2019

Provision of affordable housing for low-income groups is constrained precariously in Punjab, the ... more Provision of affordable housing for low-income groups is constrained precariously in Punjab, the largest province of Pakistan, because of a complex institutional framework and overlapping roles of government authorities at federal, provincial, and local levels. This article is a reflexive study that covers a broader aspect of the Punjabi Housing system, drawing a framework of current institutional arrangements in practice for affordable housing provision. Although it draws on an institutional analytical framework, the article is grounded in applying structural analysis to the study of public institutions within the housing sector, which provides a much-needed theoretical framework for analyzing housing institutional arrangements under the current dynamic political environment within the country. The study is an effort to fill gaps in the literature in understanding the intricate practices and processes of public housing institutions with overlapping jurisdictions and roles. The article argues for streamlining the federal, provincial, and local governments to provide an enabling environment to deal with affordable housing policy and provision issues by reexamining the respective institutional structures. Some previous studies relevant to housing policies and projects are also reviewed, followed by an empirical analysis of institutional arrangements; finally, ways forward are suggested toward key policy and empirical implications.

Study of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Process in Scotland, Malaysia and Pakistan.

by Dr. Fariha Tariq and SANA MALIK

An Overview of Shared Ownership & Shared Equity: Recommendations for Sustainable Housing in Pakistan. Malik, S., Tariq, F., Mujahid, B., & Gul.

by Dr. Fariha Tariq and SANA MALIK

Journal of Social Sciences and Humanity. Volume 26, Number 2, Autumn 2018.

Home ownership is an establishment of facilities and comforts including shelter, safety, social a... more Home ownership is an establishment of facilities and comforts including shelter, safety, social and physical benefits. With the passage of time, this home ownership has become biggest dilemma, due to congestion and rapid urbanization within mega cities. Pakistan, like many other developing countries is facing severe problems of housing shortage due to increasing number of people in the city centers. The present paper encompasses review study based on concepts and practices of shared ownership and shared equity in UK and USA. In lieu of it, findings and discussions being analyzed in qualitative manner through content analysis show that it has been effective in providing shelter to deserving groups of people. The objective of this paper is to explore the appropriateness of these housing models as way out for housing challenges in Pakistan. Research revealed that housing policies with inclusion of shared equity and shared ownership frameworks by non-*

An Investigation of House Designs in Lahore: Transformation of Residential Architecture from traditional to modern

by SANA MALIK and Ku Azhar Ku Hassan

Journal of Design & Built Environment, 2019

Many historic cities display the expression of individual and cultural identity as a common pheno... more Many historic cities display the expression of individual and cultural identity as a common phenomenon in house designs; this paper inspects it in context of Lahore city. Study is focused on architectural transformation of house designs based on lifestyles of different time periods in Lahore. The objective is to highlight the key modifications in designing of houses over time period of half century. It is believed that home is the most endearing structure to be built given the poignant connection of dwellers to their living spaces. In Lahore, houses show diverse architectural profile as a result of socioeconomic changes and global influences; these demand to investigate the present prototype of traditional versus modern house design in Lahore. A case study of traditional as well as modern house was conducted using field inspection and typological analysis. Findings of such design focused research provide helpful insights for practitioners and academicians of contemporary architecture in Lahore and other likewise cities, about major spatial and design alterations in order to achieve a balanced approach in residential architecture.

The Academic Research Community Publication Land Tenure Security and Resident's Stability in Squatter Settlements of Lahore

by SANA MALIK and Muhammad Salman

The Academic Research Community Publication, 2019

Squatters have now become integral part of urban centers in most developing countries like Pakist... more Squatters have now become integral part of urban centers in most developing countries like Pakistan, with Lahore experiencing growth of such informal settlements at its peak. A myriad of issues and challenges associated with economic, social, spatial, environmental and political contexts within squatters has become a great hindrance towards home improvement and better life style. Tenure security brings a sense of homeownership to socioeconomically disadvantaged households. Recently, promotion of increased security of tenure of all whether living in formal or informal settlements has been affirmed by New Urban Agenda of Habitat III. Therefore, it is need of the time to look into present tenure types of squatters being offered by the city to solve problem of housing backlog and to provide promote inclusivity ensuring healthy, affordable and sustainable environment for all inhabitants. Proposed argument has got stronger foundation due to comparative analysis of squatter having secured land tenure with squatter of unsecure tenure. In this paper we explore that tenure security is one of the key factors which leads to resident's stability, through case study approach by investigating two squatters based on their tenure types. The data collected through questionnaire will help us to identify other key factors associated with resident stability in squatters. Study reveals that limited secured tenure options and poor governance in present urban scenario projects as major obstacles in coping with urban sprawl and squatter settlements. Findings help us to understand the phenomena of inter-connection of land tenure security and residential stability of squatters in Lahore, suffering from housing shortage and informal settlements.

An Overview of Shared Ownership & Shared Equity: Recommendations for Sustainable Housing in Pakistan

Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities , 2019

Home ownership is an establishment of facilities and comforts including shelter, safety, social a... more Home ownership is an establishment of facilities and comforts including shelter, safety, social and physical benefits. With the passage of time, this home ownership has become biggest dilemma, due to congestion and rapid urbanization within mega cities. Pakistan, like many other developing countries is facing severe problems of housing shortage due to increasing number of people in the city centers. The present paper encompasses review study based on concepts and practices of shared ownership and shared equity in UK and USA. In lieu of it, findings and discussions being analyzed in qualitative manner through content analysis show that it has been effective in providing shelter to deserving groups of people. The objective of this paper is to explore the appropriateness of these housing models as way out for housing challenges in Pakistan. Research revealed that housing policies with inclusion of shared equity and shared ownership frameworks by non-*

Investigation of informal housing challenges and issues: experiences from slum and squatter of Lahore

Journal of housing & Built Environment, 2019

The twin problems of uncontrolled urbanization and shortfall of affordable housing for low income... more The twin problems of uncontrolled urbanization and shortfall of affordable housing for low income groups are the bane of almost all developing countries. This is true in case of Pakistan undergoing rapid urban transformation with 207 million population at present. According to UN resources, half of the country’s urban population i.e. more than 27 million people continue to live in informal settlements. Lahore being the second largest city, is home to 11 million people, covering more than 300 informal housing settlements in the form of slums and squatters. Adoption of informal housing is a depiction of poor governance system, showing little concerns for welfare of urban poor. This paper investigates the issues of informal housing based on field research and in-depth interviews of the residents of Karol Ghatti slum and Qalandarpura squatter. The objective of the study is to understand the complex phenomena of informal housing development by digging out respective reasons and their impacts on dwellers as a part of their daily survival challenge. Results confirm that inhabitants of slum and squatters exhibit socio-economic deprivations and lack basic infrastructure. This paper delivers a complete synthesis informal housing issues by providing social, environmental, operational and physical constructs, which can lead to thorough understanding and thus, are viable approaches to tackle the challenge of slums and squatters at a national level.

Appraisal of National Housing Policy - A Case of Pakistan

NCIA-AMB MASUK KAMPUNG PROJECT: A PARADIGM OF OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES FOR SUSTAINABLE RURAL DEVELOPMENT

by SANA MALIK and Dr. Fariha Tariq

Malaysian government is focused to accomplish world-class living standard of whole nation by year... more Malaysian government is focused to accomplish world-class living standard of whole nation by year 2025 through sustainable development irrespective of regional, religious and ethnic boundaries. The Northern Corridor Implementation Authority (NCIA) is an organization set up for the implementation of Koridor Utara (Northern Corridor Economic Region, NCER) in Malaysia for achieving this vision. Such economic corridors are aimed to elevate the income levels through agriculture, manufacturing, logistics, education and tourism. The execution of development projects always impact the involved community in multiple dimensions. Masuk Kampung Project at Pantai Murni, Yan Kedah was one of the NCIA initiatives in collaboration with AMB (Akademi Binaan Malaysia). This paper draws out a conceptual framework of community perceptions associated with this project based on qualitative research. Viewpoints studied through interviews and participant observation helped in fabricating the opportunities and challenges connected with rural development. Findings revealed that community perception is of key importance and their prime reflections can be beneficial to policy makers, stakeholders, academicians and civil society in shaping the policy agenda for future projects of same nature in Malaysia. Hence, the study is a contribution to understanding development projects aiming at rural areas on national and global channels.

Developing Countries Perspective on Housing Affordability: Recommendations for Pakistan

Conservation analysis of Gali Surjan Singh: a study of architectural and social aspects

by SANA MALIK and Dr. Fariha Tariq

Heritage sites and buildings are of vital importance. Study of such heritage sites unfolds exciti... more Heritage sites and buildings are of vital importance. Study of such heritage sites unfolds exciting information about the history of early civilizations and, most importantly, the architecture of that era. Like other South Asian countries, Pakistan is also rich with heritage sites and buildings. Unfortunately, these heritage sites and buildings have mostly been ignored by the concerning authorities. Recently, a conservation program named as the Royal Trail at Dehli Gate section of Walled City, Lahore was launched through the collaboration of the Punjab Government and the Agha Khan Trust for Culture (AKTC), purpose of which was to revitalize the residential architecture and quality of social life of the Gali Surjan Singh by incorporating community participation for conducting the conservation in a sustainable manner. Primarily data has been collected through questionnaires and informal interviews of the residents. An in-depth comparison of the area before, during and after conservation is also included in the layout of conducted research. The aim is to study changes in the physical and social dimensions of the constructed environment of Gali Surjan, which resulted from the intervention of the conservation program. The documented pre-and postconservation changes mark the significance of the study.

1-Study of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Process in Scotland, Malaysia and Pakistan.pdf

Documenting the Architectural Characteristics of the Cathedral Church of the Resurrection, Lahore

The Cathedral Church of the Resurrection is a spectacular, monumental structure having distinctiv... more The Cathedral Church of the Resurrection is a spectacular, monumental structure having distinctive features of Gothic architecture located on Mall Road, Lahore. In the nineteenth century, British rulers developed this road as the foremost city centre after they established their government in the area. Other important buildings situated on this road are High Court, General Post Office, Town Hall, Montgomery Hall, Punjab University, Atchison College, churches and cathedrals. Among various structures, the enormity of this Cathedral reflects its glory in cosmic green meadows. The artistic style of Gothic architecture introduced by the British is truly represented in this monument. Every day, many Christians visit this church to perform their sacramental obligations. In addition, the Cathedral includes a missionary school, known as Lahore Cathedral School. The structure seems to be intact, but a closer examination reveals the reality of major aspects in need of attention. This research was carried out by closely scrutinizing numerous fragments of the Cathedral through surveys and photographic documentation. This paper highlights the distinct character of the monument by assessing its architectural features in detail and concluding various measures needed to conserve the monuments heritage.

PERCEPTION OF HOUSE DESIGN IN ISLAM: EXPERIENCES FROM SAUDI ARABIA AND PAKISTAN

Islamic planning principles offer guidance for designing home spaces. Islam as a code of life pro... more Islamic planning principles offer guidance for designing home spaces. Islam as a code of life provides view points for designing houses and human interaction within these dwellings. The teachings of Sunnah and Shari'ah help in creating righteous and healthy individual, community and ultimately creating a healthy society. All such grooming principles originate from a home, whereas the structure and design of a house is given a form by considering local context, and human needs and different phases of planning and designing. One can observe many distinguishing examples of customary architecture of Islamic houses, in different Muslim and Arab countries. The objective of this research is to study the assimilation of Islamic housing concepts in different cultural settings by analyzing the contemporary house designs in Saudi Arabia and Pakistan. The research methodology is based on literature review and typological analysis of house designs of similar dwelling type. The analysis has further divided into different sections of house planning and design in light of Islamic teachings and cultural backgrounds. The paper scrutinizes the presence of architectural expression of Islamic perspective which administrated the design concept of the Muslim houses in said countries. Furthermore, it highlights the unique Islamic characteristics of residential designto provide a complete picture of current housing pattern adopted by Muslims of different geographical context.

Urbanization and Transforming Urban Form of Asian Cities – Cases of Bangkok, Tokyo & Mumbai

Cities under the influence of urbanization around the globe have experienced new shifts in urban ... more Cities under the influence of urbanization around the globe have experienced new shifts in urban policies and development. The paper discusses the transformation of Asian megacities through urbanization and the response of cities towards this paradigm of urbanization in terms of infrastructure policies and urban planning. The study is broadly divided into two sections. The first section is about urbanism and its connection with smooth working of cities. The second section is structured on impacts of urbanization with particular focus on how the urbanization is transforming the urban form Asian cities. This pattern of urban development being rapidly implied at more than one place at a time around the globe, demands for comparison of regional policies to effectively deal with impacts of urbanization for the sustainable growth of cities.

Rapid Urbanization: Problems and Challenges for Adequate Housing in Pakistan

Urbanization is accelerating at an exponential rate in developing countries and it has now become... more Urbanization is accelerating at an exponential rate in developing countries and it has now become the modern trend of today's globalized world which is making a very rapid progress with the support of everyday innovative technology. This new tradition of modernization is prompting people to leave their homes and to get exposure to the world. As everything comes naturally with positive and negative impacts, one wants to see how this big change is affecting our world. Asia, in particular is the most affecting continent where one can see the rapid growth of urbanization. This paper examines various aspects of urbanization in Asia region and taking Pakistan as prototype of urbanization phenomena. The reason behind the study is the lack of formal housing in urban spaces as one of the major consequences of unplanned and uncontrolled modernization of cities in Pakistan. The analytical insight into current issues and challenges faced by Pakistan, because of increasing population and rising trend of migration toward urban centers, will serve in identifying the problems in right direction. Answers and solutions only then can be formatted based on the organized examination of existing problems. Affordable housing is the new remedy for the current problem of urban housing and it has been accepted by the urban poor like a holy thing. It has something to serve in real or it's just a superficial concept to give a timely relief to poor community.

NCIA-AMB Masuk Kampong Project- Opportunities and Challenges for achieving Sustainable Rural Development

Malaysian government is focused to accomplish world-class living standard of whole nation by year... more Malaysian government is focused to accomplish world-class living standard of whole nation by year 2025 through sustainable development irrespective of regional, religious and ethnic boundaries. The Northern Corridor Implementation Authority (NCIA) is a legal organization for implementation of this vision. It is responsible for elevating the income levels through agriculture, manufacturing, logistics, education and tourism. The objective of NCIA is to ensure the economic growth through upgrading the rural settlements of Koridor Utara (Northern Economic corridor Region). Koridor Utara connects Perlis, Kedah, Penang and northern region of Perak. Masuk Kampong Project at Pantai Murni, Yan Kedah is one of the NCIA initiatives in collaboration with AMB (Akademi Binaan Malaysia). The execution of this project has involved many opportunities as well as challenges associated with rural community. The paper draws out a framework of concerns of Kampong folks (villagers) and their perception about investing energy resources in construction projects of similar nature through interviewing. The concerns will help in shaping the policy agenda for future projects of same nature in Malaysia. The findings of the research will be of significance to policy makers, stakeholders, academicians and civil society. This will act as a contribution to understanding of various dimensions of sustainable development of rural areas on a global channel.