Papers by Che Wan Zanariah Cwz
Expert opinion on environmental biology, 2015
Multivariate Analysis of Vegetative and Physiological Traits in Oil Palm (Elaies guineensis Jacq)... more Multivariate Analysis of Vegetative and Physiological Traits in Oil Palm (Elaies guineensis Jacq) Germplasm Germplasm materials provide an opportunity for tapping advantages of natural diversity for improvement. Adequate characterization for agronomic and morphological traits is necessary to ease utilization of germplasm materials by breeders. Genetic variability among 44 oil palm germplasm populations located at the Malaysian Palm Oil Board was studied based on 18 morpho-physiological traits. Data collected on the morphp-physiological traits were subjected to two multivariate analyses viz principal component analysis and clustering analysis. The result from the analysis showed that the first three PCs with Eigenvalue greater than one (>1) accounted for 90.79% of the total variation with morphological traits being the most important characters on PC 1. Distribution pattern of the germplasm materials into three clusters using Ward’s method indicated the presence of genetic variability for most of the traits studied. The mean values of characters dominant on PC 1 was highest in cluster 1 while cluster 3 had the least mean values for these traits. The selection of these traits and palms with the desired traits could enhance oil palm improvement. Furthermore, there was lack of relationship between genetic distance and geographical origin among the oil palm germplasm..
This review discusses the prospective effects of induced mutation in lemongrass, Cymbopogon citra... more This review discusses the prospective effects of induced mutation in lemongrass, Cymbopogon citratus by gamma radiation towards its essential oil production by comparing available literatures on radiation studies in Cymbopogon genus. Previous studies on Cymbopogon mutation breeding program have shown that most of the analyses were limited to physical characteristic observation and concise chemical analysis in their essential oil yield. The issue that comes into view is the on-going things that happen in their essential oil biosynthesis correlated with its biological properties and chemical composition changes. Finding the exact cause of where and how the radiation had triggered the differences in essential oil production between mutant and its control variety need to be studied. This concern possibly could be answered by analysing the changes between both varieties on their interactions within chemical, biological and genetic perspectives. Thus, strong understanding could be build f...
Applied Physics Research, 2015
Activated carbon derived from desiccated coconut residue was treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH)... more Activated carbon derived from desiccated coconut residue was treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and analyzed for its supercapacitor performance. The sample was then characterized by N 2 adsorption at-196°C, Energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD) in order to investigate its surface area, porosity and microcrystalline properties. Specific surface area (SSA) was found to be 1394.79 m 2 /g with high microporosity of 76.92 %. Electrochemical double-layer capacitance was studied by cyclic voltammetry with potential window of 1V. The presence of high microporosity properties affects the supercapacitor performance due to lack of accessibility of the electrolyte into the activated carbon pores. The calculated specific capacitance was found to be 42 F/g.
Journal of Materials Science Research, 2014
Supercapacitors with nanostructured activated carbon electrodes from natural precursors have spar... more Supercapacitors with nanostructured activated carbon electrodes from natural precursors have sparked huge attention due to its great stability of cycle as well as low cost and excellent performance. In this study, activated carbon was produced from desiccated coconut residue by chemical activation with KOH. The supercapacitor was characterized in a supercapacitor configuration by cyclic voltammetry and charge-discharge with potential window of 1V and current loads of 1A/g. Supercapacitor electrodes prepared from desiccated coconut residue exhibited excellent specific capacitance of 83 F/g.
International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, 2013
The method of measuring the color of electrodeposited gold films on hull cell panels is described... more The method of measuring the color of electrodeposited gold films on hull cell panels is described. Guidelines are also given for the selection of locations for measurements on a panel as well as for reporting the appropriate L* a* and b* values for use in calculating the color difference in terms of ΔE* ab between the measured locations. By developing the control charts of ∆E* ab range and average, the color tolerances between locations on a gold electrodeposited hull cell panel that have a bright appearance observed was established. The ∆E* ab for an 'acceptable' color match was found to be from 2.59 to 5.74. For the purpose of reporting the L*, a* and b* value for an electroplated hull cell panels, the average value of L* a* and b* measured from all locations in a panel should be used.
Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2014
ABSTRACT tDetermination of Al(III) from aqueous samples using Chrome Azurol S (CAS) as reagent im... more ABSTRACT tDetermination of Al(III) from aqueous samples using Chrome Azurol S (CAS) as reagent immobilized inpolymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) was discussed. The PIMs was prepared using poly (vinyl chloride)(PVC), 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether (2-NPOE) and Aliquat 336 as polymer matrix, solvent and ion carriersrespectively. Experimental designs for four factors (weight of PVC, Aliquat 336, 2-NPOE, and the con-centration of CAS) were used for the optimization of the membrane fabrication. For this purpose, a twolevel half factorial design, which involves eight experiments, was adopted. The combination of 200 mgof PVC, 50 mg of Aliquat 336, 50 mg of 2-NPOE and 1 × 10−3mol/L CAS was found to be the optimum for-mulation for the preparation of PIMs. Wide dynamic range of Al(III) determination (0.2–50 ppm), betterreproducibility within the same batch, good repeatability and photostability with RSD 1.21% and 0.93%,respectively. The calculated t values indicated that there is no significant difference between the twomethods at the 95% confidence level and thus there is no bias in the method.
Journal of Materials Science Research, 2015
This study investigates the effect of temperature and impregnation ratio on the physicochemical p... more This study investigates the effect of temperature and impregnation ratio on the physicochemical properties of activated carbon prepared from agricultural waste; desiccated coconut residue (DCR) by chemical activation using sodium hydroxide (NaOH). DCR sample was first carbonized at three different temperatures for 1 hour at 400°C, 500°C, and 600°C respectively. The resulting chars were impregnated with NaOH at three different impregnation ratio; 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 respectively and activated under nitrogen atmosphere for 1 hour at three different temperatures based on its carbonization temperature. The specific surface area was strongly affected by impregnation ratio in which increased with impregnation ratio. The specific surface area also increased with temperature but then decreased at highest desired temperature.
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2015
ABSTRACT A review on the preparation of the activated carbon from agricultural waste material is ... more ABSTRACT A review on the preparation of the activated carbon from agricultural waste material is presented. The physical properties such as proximate and ultimate analysis of agricultural waste material were reviewed. The chemical compositions such as cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin contents were also discussed. The effects of various parameters on the preparation such as carbonization and activation temperature, time, types of activating agents and impregnation ratio were reviewed. Various physical and chemical processes for the activation of the agricultural residues and their effects on the textural properties such as surface area and pore volume were discussed. The low cost, renewable and relatively less expensive of the agricultural waste were found to be efficiently being converted into wealth. The uses of activated carbon derived from agricultural residues in many fields were evidently proven in the review. The reaction kinetic modelling on the pyrolysis and activation of agricultural wastes were also reviewed.
Expert Opinion on Environmental Biology, 2015
Expert Opinion on Environmental Biology, 2015
This study investigates the effect of temperature and impregnation ratio on the physicochemical p... more This study investigates the effect of temperature and impregnation ratio on the physicochemical properties of activated carbon prepared from desiccated coconut residue by chemical activation using potassium hydroxide. Desiccated coconut residue sample was first carbonized at three different temperatures for 1 h at 400, 500 and 600 °C, respectively. The resulting chars were impregnated with KOH at three different impregnation ratio; 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3, respectively and activated under nitrogen atmosphere for 1 h at three different temperatures based on its carbonization temperature. The BET surface area and pore volume was strongly affected by temperature in which increased in temperature caused increased in BET surface are and pore volume. The BET surface area also increased with impregnation ratio but then decreased due to pore widening of activated carbons.
A review on the preparation of the activated carbon from agricultural waste material is presented... more A review on the preparation of the activated carbon from agricultural waste material is presented. The physical properties such as proximate and ultimate analysis of agricultural waste material were reviewed. The chemical compositions such as cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin contents were also discussed. The effects of various parameters on the preparation such as carbonization and activation temperature, time, types of activating agents and impregnation ratio were reviewed. Various physical and chemical processes for the activation of the agricultural residues and their effects on the textural properties such as surface area and pore volume were discussed. The low cost, renewable and relatively less expensive of the agricultural waste were found to be efficiently being converted into wealth. The uses of activated carbon derived from agricultural residues in many fields were evidently proven in the review. The reaction kinetic modeling on the pyrolysis and activation of agricultural wastes were also reviewed.
Activated carbon derived from desiccated coconut residue was treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH)... more Activated carbon derived from desiccated coconut residue was treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and analyzed for its supercapacitor performance. The sample was then characterized by N 2 adsorption at -196°C, Energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD) in order to investigate its surface area, porosity and microcrystalline properties. Specific surface area (SSA) was found to be 1394.79 m 2 /g with high microporosity of 76.92 %. Electrochemical double-layer capacitance was studied by cyclic voltammetry with potential window of 1V. The presence of high microporosity properties affects the supercapacitor performance due to lack of accessibility of the electrolyte into the activated carbon pores. The calculated specific capacitance was found to be 42 F/g.
Supercapacitors with nanostructured activated carbon electrodes from natural precursors have spar... more Supercapacitors with nanostructured activated carbon electrodes from natural precursors have sparked huge attention due to its great stability of cycle as well as low cost and excellent performance. In this study, activated carbon was produced from desiccated coconut residue by chemical activation with KOH. The supercapacitor was characterized in a supercapacitor configuration by cyclic voltammetry and charge-discharge with potential window of 1V and current loads of 1A/g. Supercapacitor electrodes prepared from desiccated coconut residue exhibited excellent specific capacitance of 83 F/g.
Determination of Al(III) from aqueous samples using Chrome Azurol S (CAS) as reagent immobilized ... more Determination of Al(III) from aqueous samples using Chrome Azurol S (CAS) as reagent immobilized in polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) was discussed. The PIMs was prepared using poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC), 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether (2-NPOE) and Aliquat 336 as polymer matrix, solvent and ion carriers respectively. Experimental designs for four factors (weight of PVC, Aliquat 336, 2-NPOE, and the concentration of CAS) were used for the optimization of the membrane fabrication. For this purpose, a two level half factorial design, which involves eight experiments, was adopted. The combination of 200 mg of PVC, 50 mg of Aliquat 336, 50 mg of 2-NPOE and 1 × 10 −3 mol/L CAS was found to be the optimum formulation for the preparation of PIMs. Wide dynamic range of Al(III) determination (0.2-50 ppm), better reproducibility within the same batch, good repeatability and photostability with RSD 1.21% and 0.93%, respectively. The calculated t values indicated that there is no significant difference between the two methods at the 95% confidence level and thus there is no bias in the method.
The microwave digestion method was developed and verified for the determination of arsenic in shr... more The microwave digestion method was developed and verified for the determination of arsenic in shrimp paste samples. Experimental design for five factors (HNO 3 and H 2 O 2 volumes, sample weight, microwave power and digestion time) were used for the optimisation of sample digestion. For this purpose, two level half factorial design, which involves 16 experiments, was adopted. The concentration of arsenic was analysed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Design Expert Ò 7.0 software was used to interpret all data obtained. The combination of 2 mL HNO 3 and 1 mL H 2 O 2 volumes, 0.1 g sample weight, 1400 W power and 5 min digestion time was found to be the optimum parameters required to digest the shrimp paste samples. Tests with spiked samples presented good recoveries with relative standard deviations between 0.32% and 5.35%.
The method of measuring the color of electrodeposited gold films on hull cell panels is described... more The method of measuring the color of electrodeposited gold films on hull cell panels is described. Guidelines are also given for the selection of locations for measurements on a panel as well as for reporting the appropriate L* a* and b* values for use in calculating the color difference in terms of ΔE*ab between the measured locations. By developing the control charts of E*ab range and average, the color tolerances between locations on a gold electrodeposited hull cell panel that have a bright appearance observed was established. The E*ab for an 'acceptable' color match was found to be from 2.59 to 5.74. For the purpose of reporting the L*, a* and b* value for an electroplated hull cell panels, the average value of L* a* and b* measured from all locations in a panel should be used.
Kimia adalah merupakan cabang ilmu sains yang telah lama dipelopori oleh ilmuan Islam. Walaubagai... more Kimia adalah merupakan cabang ilmu sains yang telah lama dipelopori oleh ilmuan Islam. Walaubagaimanapun, fahaman sekularisme telah menjadikan cabang ilmu ini sangat terpinggir dari arus pengajian Islam, apatah lagi menjadikannya sebagai wadah untuk merapatkan jurang antara manusia dan Penciptanya. Keseimbangan kimia menjelaskan keadaan di mana semasa tindak balas kimia berlaku, kepekatan reaktan dan produk tidak berubah dengan masa. Fenomina ini terjadi apabila kadar penghasilan produk adalah menyamai kadar penghasilan semula reaktan daripada penguraian produk. reaktan ⇌ produk Melalui konsep asas kedinamikan keseimbangan kimia, kertas kerja ini cuba menyorot bagaimana konsep ini telah dimanifestasikan oleh alam untuk melestarikan kedinamikan alam segajat sehingga fungsi kehidupan di muka bumi menjadi teratur dan terus terpelihara. Konsep keseimbangan dinamik dalam persekitaran sentiasa dikaitkan dengan kuantiti jirim (constituents) yang mana perubahan bagi satu jenis jirim akan berpotensi menyebabkan ketidakstabilan yang akhirnya dapat diatasi dengan penukaran jirim tersebut ke bentuk yang lain
This review discusses the prospective effects of induced mutation in lemongrass, Cymbopogon citra... more This review discusses the prospective effects of induced mutation in lemongrass, Cymbopogon citratus by gamma radiation towards its essential oil production by comparing available literatures on radiation studies in Cymbopogon genus. Previous studies on Cymbopogon mutation breeding program have shown that most of the analyses were limited to physical characteristic observation and concise chemical analysis in their essential oil yield. The issue that comes into view is the on-going things that happen in their essential oil biosynthesis correlated with its biological properties and chemical composition changes. Finding the exact cause of where and how the radiation had triggered the differences in essential oil production between mutant and its control variety need to be studied. This concern possibly could be answered by analysing the changes between both varieties on their interactions within chemical, biological and genetic perspectives. Thus, strong understanding could be build for better analysis in lemongrass mutation breeding.
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Papers by Che Wan Zanariah Cwz