Papers by Nicholas J Cull
The American Historical Review, Oct 1, 1998
Routledge eBooks, Jan 14, 2022
Palgrave Macmillan US eBooks, 2012
Audit of an Empire: USIA and American Public Diplomacy in 1988 Beyond the Cold War: The Administr... more Audit of an Empire: USIA and American Public Diplomacy in 1988 Beyond the Cold War: The Administration of George H.W. Bush Downsizing: Bill Clinton's First Term End Games: Bill Clinton's Second Term Conclusion: The Tragedy of US Public Diplomacy
Routledge eBooks, Jan 20, 2020
Public diplomacy covers an array of different activities, all of which function at various distan... more Public diplomacy covers an array of different activities, all of which function at various distances from and combinations with the practice of foreign policy and its specific objectives. Amongst these activities, exchange programs are an interesting case. Most forms of public diplomacy involve the presentation of image and information, and most public diplomacy research also focuses on these 'fast media'. Exchanges are different in that they directly involve the 'human factor', where an engagement with the personality, psychology and both short-and long-term personal development of participants is central. The interpersonal nature of the exchange experience, coupled with its inherently private character, have caused this field to be largely written out of the documentation of diplomacy and its conduct in the public realm. This diffuse interchange of people, ideas, and opinions are generally so lost in the myriad of global social contacts that their worth is often questioned. Most public diplomacy researchers avoid dealing with exchanges for this reason, since it is hard to gather the necessary data to reach hard conclusions on results. Nicolas Cull has argued that exchanges represent a specific activity separate to other forms of public diplomacy, in terms of raison d'etre, mechanisms, and outcomes. 1 Notably, contributions outlining public diplomacy in recent major anthologies on diplomacy have failed to mention exchanges in any form at all, the emphasis being more on the role of non-state actors, domestic publics, and social media. 2 International education has a burgeoning literature, but one that rarely addresses the exchange experience outside of study of the "circulations of knowledge". 3 Nevertheless, there are various tools to assess influence in some shape or form, moving beyond anecdotal evidence and what Frank Ninkovich has termed the 'act of faith' that these circulations of people actually succeed in their designated objectives. 4 How to situate exchanges within the broad panoply of public diplomacy, or indeed international relations? Exchanges and Evaluating 'Success' In his overview of diplomatic trends and possible futures, Philip Seib commented the following: Consider the 19-year-old who comes to your country for a year in an academic exchange program that is part of your public diplomacy. The young woman has a good
Choice Reviews Online, Jun 1, 2009
Published at a time when the U.S. government's public diplomacy is in crisis, this book provides ... more Published at a time when the U.S. government's public diplomacy is in crisis, this book provides an exhaustive account of how it used to be done. The United States Information Agency was created, in 1953, to "tell America's story to the world" and, by engaging with the world through international information, broadcasting, culture, and exchange programs, became an essential element of American foreign policy during the Cold War. Based on newly declassified archives and more than 100 interviews with veterans of public diplomacy, from the Truman administration to the fall of the Berlin Wall, Nicholas J. Cull relates both the achievements and the endemic flaws of American public diplomacy in this period. Major topics include the process by which the Truman and Eisenhower administrations built a massive overseas propaganda operation; the struggle of the Voice of America to base its output on journalistic truth; the challenge of presenting civil rights, the Vietnam War, and Watergate to the world; and the climactic confrontation with the Soviet Union in the 1980s. This study offers remarkable and new insights into the Cold War era.
Presses Universitaires de France eBooks, Jan 13, 2021
, focusing on research, development, and high-level strategic policy and legal engagement at the ... more , focusing on research, development, and high-level strategic policy and legal engagement at the intersection of information and communication technologies, human rights, and global security. We use a "mixed methods" approach to research that combines methods from political science, law, computer science, and area studies. Our research includes investigating digital espionage against civil society, documenting Internet filtering and other technologies and practices that impact freedom of expression online, analyzing privacy, security, and information controls of popular applications, and examining transparency and accountability mechanisms relevant to the relationship between corporations and state agencies regarding personal data and other surveillance activities.
Journal of Cold War Studies, 2022
Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, May 3, 2022
Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in publishe... more Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Nicholas J. Cull is editor emeritus of this journal. This is the fifth expo for which he has contributed an editorial commentary. He served as a consultant to the US pavilion and visited expo as a guest in February 2022.
Routledge Handbook of Public Diplomacy, 2008
Every academic discipline has its certainties, and in the small field of public diplomacy studies... more Every academic discipline has its certainties, and in the small field of public diplomacy studies it is a truth universally acknowledged that the term "public diplomacy" was coined in 1965 by Edmund Gullion, dean of the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University and a distinguished retired foreign service officer, when he established an Edward R. Murrow Center of Public Diplomacy. An early Murrow Center brochure provided a convenient summary of Gullion's concept: "Public diplomacy…deals with the influence of public attitudes on the formation and execution of foreign policies. It encompasses dimensions of international relations beyond traditional diplomacy; the cultivation by governments of public opinion in other countries; the interaction of private groups and interests in one country with another; the reporting of foreign affairs and its impact on policy; communication between those whose job is communication, as diplomats and foreign correspondents; and the process of intercultural communications." This essay will endeavor to look at the forgotten prehistory of this phrase in reportage and diplomatic discourse, a task made possible thanks to the creation of fully text searchable versions of historical newspapers including the New York Times, Washington Post and Christian Science Monitor. While this analysis bears out that Gullion was the first to use the
Springer eBooks, Oct 15, 2022
There is a joke at the beginning of the British comedy film Monty Python and the Holy Grail (Terr... more There is a joke at the beginning of the British comedy film Monty Python and the Holy Grail (Terry Gilliam & Terry Jones, 1975) in which the faux Swedish subtitles-inserted as a nod to the serious depictions of Medieval Scandinavia seen in films like The Seventh Seal (Det sjunde inseglet, Ingmar Bergman, 1957)-go haywire and begin including random comments suggesting that audiences might consider a holiday in Sweden. The joke is apt. Sweden and the other Nordic countries worked hard during the postwar period both to ensure the international visibility of their culture and to promote themselves as tourist destinations. Their efforts were instrumental in building the present image of that part of the world. The Norwegian political scientist Iver Neumann observed that regions are written and spoken into existence. We could add broadcast and performance to this list. 1 This anthology illuminates how that process operated in the twentieth century for the Nordic Region and the role of political communication in the building of images both internally and for audiences outside. It gives a compelling account of the past with multiple jumping off points for further productive research both within the region and in parallel cases elsewhere.
Revista mexicana de política exterior, 2012
La materia académica de la diplomacia pública-el estudio de los métodos por los que un actor inte... more La materia académica de la diplomacia pública-el estudio de los métodos por los que un actor internacional conduce su política exterior mediante el involucramiento de un público extranjero-está en constante evolución. Incluso las definiciones del campo de la diplomacia pública siguen siendo objeto de controversia entre los estudiosos y aún hay disputas sobre asuntos tales como si una "nueva diplomacia pública" ha llegado y, más recientemente, si se ha ido. 1 Detrás de las fluctuantes corrientes académicas se encuentran los cambios en la práctica misma de la diplomacia pública. El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar un seguimiento del avance de las tendencias más importantes que he observado en la práctica de la diplomacia pública alrededor del mundo y plantear cuestiones para el futuro comportamiento de la diplomacia pública de México y el de otras potencias medias. En este sentido, el artículo se dividirá
Journal of Communication Management
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The American Historical Review, 1998
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Papers by Nicholas J Cull