Since the beginning of the 1930s research has been directed towards improving the effectiveness o... more Since the beginning of the 1930s research has been directed towards improving the effectiveness of water as a forest fire extinguishing agent. Throughout this time various chemical substances have been added to the water, and this is still the case today. Among these substances are the various types of long-term forest fire retardant, which maintain their ability to alter combustion when the water has been removed by evaporation. In order to provide an account of the current state of development of studies on long-term forest fire retardants, we carried out a bibliographic analysis with special attention to work done after 1976 on the different aspects that influence the final effectiveness of forest fire retardant: quality (programs and evaluation), effectiveness, application and environmental impact on streams and aquatic organisms, vegetation and humans. The scope of this work covers the wide subject of fire retardants and it introduces the significant works related to all the aspects of fire retardant use.
This is a review of the most important work in wildland fire mathematical modelling which has bee... more This is a review of the most important work in wildland fire mathematical modelling which has been carried out at different research centres around the world from the beginning of the 1940s to the present. A generic classification is proposed which allows wildland fire models to be sorted. Surface fire spread models, crown fire initiation and spread models, spotting and ground fire models are reviewed historically and the most significant ones are analysed in depth. The last two sections are dedicated to wildland fire behaviour calculation systems based on the reviewed models. The evolution and complexity of these systems is analysed in parallel with the development of new technologies. Special attention is given to the tools most commonly in current use by forestry agencies. q
Since the beginning of the 1930s research has been directed towards improving the effectiveness o... more Since the beginning of the 1930s research has been directed towards improving the effectiveness of water as a forest fire extinguishing agent. Throughout this time various chemical substances have been added to the water, and this is still the case today. Among these substances are the various types of long-term forest fire retardant, which maintain their ability to alter combustion when the water has been removed by evaporation. In order to provide an account of the current state of development of studies on long-term forest fire retardants, we carried out a bibliographic analysis with special attention to work done after 1976 on the different aspects that influence the final effectiveness of forest fire retardant: quality (programs and evaluation), effectiveness, application and environmental impact on streams and aquatic organisms, vegetation and humans. The scope of this work covers the wide subject of fire retardants and it introduces the significant works related to all the aspects of fire retardant use.
This is a review of the most important work in wildland fire mathematical modelling which has bee... more This is a review of the most important work in wildland fire mathematical modelling which has been carried out at different research centres around the world from the beginning of the 1940s to the present. A generic classification is proposed which allows wildland fire models to be sorted. Surface fire spread models, crown fire initiation and spread models, spotting and ground fire models are reviewed historically and the most significant ones are analysed in depth. The last two sections are dedicated to wildland fire behaviour calculation systems based on the reviewed models. The evolution and complexity of these systems is analysed in parallel with the development of new technologies. Special attention is given to the tools most commonly in current use by forestry agencies. q
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Papers by Luis López