Papers by Ioannis Nioutsikos
Uluslararası Iliskiler-International Relations, 2024
Recent developments in the operationalization of mutual military buildups raise some questions ab... more Recent developments in the operationalization of mutual military buildups raise some questions about the findings of the quantitative literature on the association of mutual military buildups (MMB) and militarized dispute (MID) onset in the Greece-Ottoman Empire and Greece-Turkey dyads. We use the novel data to evaluate that relationship, working within the Steps to War explanatory framework. The Greece-Ottoman Empire and Greece-Turkey cases are puzzles for the framework, since on the one they have had a frequent presence of the Steps to War but have far fewer wars than we would expect. Our analysis indicates that despite that puzzling incongruity the Greece-Ottoman Empire and Greece-Turkey cases are good fits for the Steps to War, except when it comes to the role of mutual military buildups. We find indicators that while the other factors of Steps to War have a positive combined association with MID onset, the inclusion of mutual military buildups renders such an association statistically insignificant. On the other hand, we do find indicators that mutual military buildups may contribute to the transition from Lesser to Severe Rivalry, as per the Steps to Rivalry. Finally, the dyads reach infection periods that make war more likely as per the Steps to War. But many expected wars do not take place. We posit two possible explanations for future research: deterrence, or major power managerial coordination.
Έρεισμα για την Ιστορία, 2023
Η δομική συμφιλίωση μετά από μία εμφύλια σύγκρουση αναφέρεται σε μια
διαδικασία αλλαγών στις πολι... more Η δομική συμφιλίωση μετά από μία εμφύλια σύγκρουση αναφέρεται σε μια
διαδικασία αλλαγών στις πολιτικές και κοινωνικές δομές και πρακτικές, προκειμένου να εγκαθιδρυθεί μια κοινώς αποδεκτή πολιτική και κοινωνική τάξη. Το παρόν άρθρο εστιάζει στη διάσταση της ασφάλειας ως πεδίο τέτοιων δομικών αλλαγών, χρησιμοποιώντας ως περιπτωσιολογική μελέτη την άνοδο του ΠΑΣΟΚ στην εξουσία το 1981. Η ανάλυση μέσω των θεωρητικών εργαλείων της πολιτικής επιστήμης και η αντιπαραβολή με την περίοδο της «ελεγχόμενης δημοκρατίας» καταδεικνύουν πως η ομαλή μεταβίβαση της εξουσίας και οι πολιτικές που εφάρμοσε το ΠΑΣΟΚ κατά τη διακυβέρνησή του στο πεδίο της ασφάλειας, αποτέλεσαν ορόσημο στη διαδικασία της συμφιλίωσης μετά τον Ελληνικό Εμφύλιο Πόλεμο.
All Azimuth, 2023
The most recent surveys on the study of the connection between mutual military buildups, arms rac... more The most recent surveys on the study of the connection between mutual military buildups, arms races, and military interstate disputes (MID) warn of research projects, especially in the case of the Greece-Turkey dyad, that have reached a stalemate. This is due to the difficulty of capturing motivations, which constitute the main variable that turns mutual military buildups into arms races. Using the Greece-Ottoman Empire and Greece-Turkey dyads as proof-of-concept cases, we advance a novel approach for analyzing the interrelation between mutual military buildups, arms races, and MIDs that can overcome that stalemate. We suggest a two-stage approach that focuses on the dyad as a unit of analysis. In the first stage, which we preset here, we use rivalry to divide dyad history into periods of differing subsistence military spending. We then locate periods of mutual military
buildups in the different rivalry periods of a dyad history. We argue that this
process provides a more nuanced and detailed grasp on the presence of mutual military buildups in a dyad. It also provides the foundation for the future second stage of analysis, where qualitative research can focus on the specific periods of mutual military buildups to unearth indicators of motivation.
Südosteuropa, 2017
This article is a presentation and assessment of Greek historiography and public memory regarding... more This article is a presentation and assessment of Greek historiography and public memory regarding the period of occupation, resistance, and civil war during the 1940s. It examines historical production and culture from the first postwar years until 1989 and explains the relation between the changing visions of the past and political developments in Greece. In addition, the article evaluates works published after 2000, in order to discuss new questions that were raised and the ensuing debates. The article concludes by addressing themes that can revitalize the study of the 1940s, regarding the analytical framework, the territorial and social dimension, the notion of state and governmentality, and the issue of memory and public history.
Südosteuropa
This article is a presentation and assessment of Greek historiography and public memory regarding... more This article is a presentation and assessment of Greek historiography and public memory regarding the period of occupation, resistance, and civil war during the 1940s. It examines historical production and culture from the first postwar years until 1989 and explains the relation between the changing visions of the past and political developments in Greece. In addition, the article evaluates works published after 2000, in order to discuss new questions that were raised and the ensuing debates. The article concludes by addressing themes that can revitalize the study of the 1940s, regarding the analytical framework, the territorial and social dimension, the notion of state and governmentality, and the issue of memory and public history.
The students' prior knowledge is considered to be a factor of paramount importance to the learnin... more The students' prior knowledge is considered to be a factor of paramount importance to the learning process, particularly when teaching history in a diverse and multicultural learning environment. This paper explores the issue of prior knowledge and how it affects the teaching of international history in Higher Education in the United Kingdom (UK). The research methodology includes the findings from an open-ended questionnaire distributed to the students at the end of the academic year 2014-2015. The paper presents a variety of strategies employed in order to assess, activate or deal with insufficient prior knowledge, with the findings validating that the use of discussion, in-classroom, and out-of-classroom activities can help the teacher assess, activate, or deal with insufficient prior knowledge. The research reveals that due to their different educational backgrounds, students in UK Higher Education often have insufficient or even inaccurate prior historical knowledge and a limited perspective on examining international history. In particular, European students face significant difficulties with the period before the French Revolution, while non-European students feel that the international history curriculum is excessively Eurocentric, and they would welcome the examination of history from different standpoints. In sum, the paper offers suggestions for the enhancement of international history teaching in higher education through assessing, stimulating or challenging prior knowledge, and through the encouragement of viewing historical issues from multiple perspectives.
This article is a presentation and assessment of Greek historiography and public memory regarding... more This article is a presentation and assessment of Greek historiography and public memory regarding the period of occupation, resistance, and civil war during the 1940s. It examines historical production and culture from the first postwar years until 1989 and explains the relation between the changing visions of the past and political developments in Greece. In addition, the article evaluates works published after 2000, in order to discuss new questions that were raised and the ensuing debates. The article concludes by addressing themes that can revitalize the study of the 1940s, regarding the analytical framework, the territorial and social dimension, the notion of state and governmentality, and the issue of memory and public history.
The purpose of this article is to present the most spectacular sabotage of the SOE in occupied Gr... more The purpose of this article is to present the most spectacular sabotage of the SOE in occupied Greece, the demolition of the Gorgopotamos bridge. Furthermore, it evaluates its strategic effectiveness, aspiring to offer precious glimpses on the military history of the Greek resistance.
Books by Ioannis Nioutsikos
Marco Maria Aterrano and Karine Varley (ed.), A Fascist Decade of War: 1935-1945 in International Perspective (London and New York: Routledge), pp. 107-118, 2020
One of the most influential concepts regarding the participation of Italians in the resistance wa... more One of the most influential concepts regarding the participation of Italians in the resistance was that of Claudio Pavone, who argued that in Italy between 1943 and 1945, a patriotic, a civil and class war took place simultaneously, and focused on the notion of moralità in order to trace how people chose their allegiance. Based on the ideas of Pavone and Enzo Traverso, the present chapter puts emphasis on the individual level and demonstrates that many Italians joined the forces of the Greek People’s Liberation Army (ELAS), the armed branch of the communist-led National Liberation Front, driven by their own moralità. The Italians constituted the largest foreign ethnicity in ELAS, and, although the examination of memoirs and archival sources shows how difficult it was for the former occupiers to be accepted as comrades-in-arms, it also demonstrates that those who did remain in the ranks of ELAS were motivated by their ethical and political beliefs. In fact, the Italian guerrillas in ELAS also fought in three interwoven conflicts as the Italian partisans did: a liberation struggle against the German forces; a civil conflict against their compatriots who remained loyal to the Axis; and even a revolutionary struggle during the Battle of Athens. In sum, the present study confirms the view about an Italian civil war and also expands this notion into the broader conflict.
Konstantinos Travlos (ed.), Salvation and Catastrophe: The Greek-Turkish War 1919-1922 (Lanham MD and London: Lexington Books), pp. 143-171, 2020
Book Reviews by Ioannis Nioutsikos
Foreign Affairs, The Hellenic Edition, 2022
Παρουσίαση του βιβλίου των Αθανασίου Πλατιά & Χρήστου Χατζηεμμανουήλ (επιμ.), Ελληνική Υψηλή Στρα... more Παρουσίαση του βιβλίου των Αθανασίου Πλατιά & Χρήστου Χατζηεμμανουήλ (επιμ.), Ελληνική Υψηλή Στρατηγική: Διάλογοι με την Ηγεσία της Χώρας (Αθήνα: Εκδόσεις Ευρασία, 2022).
Peer Reviewed Journal Articles by Ioannis Nioutsikos
Recent developments in the operationalization of mutual military buildups raise some questions ab... more Recent developments in the operationalization of mutual military buildups raise some questions about the findings of the quantitative literature on the association of mutual military buildups (MMB) and militarized dispute (MID) onset in the Greece-Ottoman Empire and Greece-Turkey dyads. We use the novel data to evaluate that relationship, working within the Steps to War explanatory framework. The Greece-Ottoman Empire and Greece-Turkey cases are puzzles for the framework, since on the one they have had a frequent presence of the Steps to War but have far fewer wars than we would expect. Our analysis indicates that despite that puzzling incongruity the Greece-Ottoman Empire and Greece-Turkey cases are good fits for the Steps to War, except when it comes to the role of mutual military buildups. We find indicators that while the other factors of Steps to War have a positive combined association with MID onset, the inclusion of mutual military buildups renders such an association statistically insignificant. On the other hand, we do find indicators that mutual military buildups may contribute to the transition from Lesser to Severe Rivalry, as per the Steps to Rivalry. Finally, the dyads reach infection periods that make war more likely as per the Steps to War. But many expected wars do not take place. We posit two possible explanations for future research: deterrence, or major power managerial coordination.
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Papers by Ioannis Nioutsikos
διαδικασία αλλαγών στις πολιτικές και κοινωνικές δομές και πρακτικές, προκειμένου να εγκαθιδρυθεί μια κοινώς αποδεκτή πολιτική και κοινωνική τάξη. Το παρόν άρθρο εστιάζει στη διάσταση της ασφάλειας ως πεδίο τέτοιων δομικών αλλαγών, χρησιμοποιώντας ως περιπτωσιολογική μελέτη την άνοδο του ΠΑΣΟΚ στην εξουσία το 1981. Η ανάλυση μέσω των θεωρητικών εργαλείων της πολιτικής επιστήμης και η αντιπαραβολή με την περίοδο της «ελεγχόμενης δημοκρατίας» καταδεικνύουν πως η ομαλή μεταβίβαση της εξουσίας και οι πολιτικές που εφάρμοσε το ΠΑΣΟΚ κατά τη διακυβέρνησή του στο πεδίο της ασφάλειας, αποτέλεσαν ορόσημο στη διαδικασία της συμφιλίωσης μετά τον Ελληνικό Εμφύλιο Πόλεμο.
buildups in the different rivalry periods of a dyad history. We argue that this
process provides a more nuanced and detailed grasp on the presence of mutual military buildups in a dyad. It also provides the foundation for the future second stage of analysis, where qualitative research can focus on the specific periods of mutual military buildups to unearth indicators of motivation.
Books by Ioannis Nioutsikos
Book Reviews by Ioannis Nioutsikos
Peer Reviewed Journal Articles by Ioannis Nioutsikos
διαδικασία αλλαγών στις πολιτικές και κοινωνικές δομές και πρακτικές, προκειμένου να εγκαθιδρυθεί μια κοινώς αποδεκτή πολιτική και κοινωνική τάξη. Το παρόν άρθρο εστιάζει στη διάσταση της ασφάλειας ως πεδίο τέτοιων δομικών αλλαγών, χρησιμοποιώντας ως περιπτωσιολογική μελέτη την άνοδο του ΠΑΣΟΚ στην εξουσία το 1981. Η ανάλυση μέσω των θεωρητικών εργαλείων της πολιτικής επιστήμης και η αντιπαραβολή με την περίοδο της «ελεγχόμενης δημοκρατίας» καταδεικνύουν πως η ομαλή μεταβίβαση της εξουσίας και οι πολιτικές που εφάρμοσε το ΠΑΣΟΚ κατά τη διακυβέρνησή του στο πεδίο της ασφάλειας, αποτέλεσαν ορόσημο στη διαδικασία της συμφιλίωσης μετά τον Ελληνικό Εμφύλιο Πόλεμο.
buildups in the different rivalry periods of a dyad history. We argue that this
process provides a more nuanced and detailed grasp on the presence of mutual military buildups in a dyad. It also provides the foundation for the future second stage of analysis, where qualitative research can focus on the specific periods of mutual military buildups to unearth indicators of motivation.