Papers by Hazim H . Hussain
Egyptian Journal of Petroleum/Egyptian Journal of Petroleum, Apr 25, 2024
Maǧallaẗ ʻulūm al-mustanṣiriyyaẗ, Dec 29, 2023
Precipitation is considered one of the important weather variables in determining the climate of ... more Precipitation is considered one of the important weather variables in determining the climate of any region in the world, and perhaps the precipitation in Iraq is witnessing an incomprehensible seasonal fluctuation. The work tries to identify the reasons for this fluctuation, from one season to another. The monthly average precipitation data in Iraq was obtained by Global Precipitation Climatology Project GPCP. Also, data for sea surface temperature anomalies (SST) for the four El Nino regions, as well as relative humidity and zonal wind speed were obtained from the National Centres for Environmental Prediction NCEP and National Centre for Atmospheric Research NCAR. The study period extended from 1980 to 2022, where the correlation of monthly precipitation average in Iraq with El Nino and La Niña events was tested, and it was found that there was a positive proportional effect of the El Nino event on the increase in rainfall rates in Iraq, the correlation coefficient R about 0.8 in North and Northern-East of Iraq. To explain this, the correlation between El Niño events, relative humidity, and zonal wind speed was tested. It was found that there is a proportional effect of El Nino on the relative humidity and an inverse effect on the zonal wind speed. Central and southern Iraq is less affected by El Niño and La Niña events, as the correlation coefficient of monthly precipitation average with El Niño phenomenon is approximately 0.5 to 0.6.
The journal of engineering research, Apr 5, 2023
Planar concentrators are used in the current manuscript to improve the solar PV system parameters... more Planar concentrators are used in the current manuscript to improve the solar PV system parameters (electrical energy, array yield, and solar irradiation). Additionally, study the temperature (both the ambient temperature and the temperature of the PV modules), performance ratio, and efficiency. The current PV system is situated at Al-Taji town in Baghdad. These improvements are achieved by using planar concentrators to increase solar radiation (made of aluminium metal). The results demonstrated a 21% increase in the yearly average energy output for improved solar PV modules. The improved solar PV modules' average yearly array yield increased by 20.6%. Compared to the reference PV modules, the improved solar PV modules received 24% more solar irradiation yearly on average. The monthly average of the performance ratio (PR) and efficiency to the improved solar PV modules and reference solar PV modules are 89.3% & 13.61%, and 91.2% & 13.89%, respectively. The yearly average temperatures of the reference PV solar modules and improved PV solar modules are 48.8 O C and 46.0 O C, respectively, at an average ambient temperature of 29.2 O C. The originality of this work is the successful improvement of the electrical energy of the grid-tied PV system, in addition to studying the performance of the second generation of photovoltaic solar modules (CIGS), where CIGS is the PV module technology that is used in this manuscript.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
Industrial and agricultural growth, population explosion, as well as climate change all over the ... more Industrial and agricultural growth, population explosion, as well as climate change all over the world have led to a significant increase in demand for fresh water, so obtaining it in the simplest, cheapest and most appropriate way has become a challenge for many countries, including Iraq. The aim of the study is to invest free solar energy through the use of solar stills to desalinate water and use it in agricultural production through mixing and drip techniques. The results showed the possibility of obtaining arable water through the construction of a network of virtual solar stills, and through the process of mixing distilled water with an equal amount of drainage water and using drip irrigation, it was found that the cost of one liter of water used in agriculture is (1.077 IQD) (0.0007 $, i.e. 0.0007 $ Less than one cent) within 20 years (the lifespan of the project), where a group of agricultural crops can be grown according to the amount of water produced and according to the ...
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2023
View the article online for updates and enhancements. You may also like Content from this work ma... more View the article online for updates and enhancements. You may also like Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2023
Iraq is one of the most vulnerable regions in the world as a result of climatic changes, the exac... more Iraq is one of the most vulnerable regions in the world as a result of climatic changes, the exacerbation of global warming, high temperatures, extreme weather phenomena, droughts, desertification and dust storms. Studies confirmed that the increase in greenhouse gas concentrations was a major cause of climate change in Iraq, especially in the central and southern regions, which recorded the highest concentrations of these gases in recent years. Transformational and construction. The concentration of carbon dioxide gas, to which Iraq contributes 0.00508% of global emissions, has increased by 5 times after the year 2000 compared to before, i.e., by 1.8 times. So does methane, which has increased by 0.04 ppmv annually. The research found that the amount of increase in the annual temperatures for the last fifty years is (3 o C), and with these rates of temperature rise, it is expected that the increase will be by (2 o C) by the year 2050. The highest value for the average temperature was in Basra (40 o C) compared to Mosul and Baghdad, which reach (35 o C) during the summer, which indicates that the regions of southern Iraq are the most affected by the phenomenon of global warming.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2023
Precipitation is considered one of the important weather variables in determining the
climate of... more Precipitation is considered one of the important weather variables in determining the
climate of any region in the world, and perhaps the precipitation in Iraq is witnessing an
incomprehensible seasonal fluctuation. The work tries to identify the reasons for this
fluctuation, from one season to another. The monthly average precipitation data in Iraq was
obtained by Global Precipitation Climatology Project GPCP. Also, data for sea surface
temperature anomalies (SST) for the four El Nino regions, as well as relative humidity and
zonal wind speed were obtained from the National Centres for Environmental Prediction
NCEP and National Centre for Atmospheric Research NCAR. The study period extended from
1980 to 2022, where the correlation of monthly precipitation average in Iraq with El Nino and
La Niña events was tested, and it was found that there was a positive proportional effect of the
El Nino event on the increase in rainfall rates in Iraq, the correlation coefficient R about 0.8 in
North and Northern-East of Iraq. To explain this, the correlation between El Niño events,
relative humidity, and zonal wind speed was tested. It was found that there is a proportional
effect of El Nino on the relative humidity and an inverse effect on the zonal wind speed.
Central and southern Iraq is less affected by El Niño and La Niña events, as the correlation
coefficient of monthly precipitation average with El Niño phenomenon is approximately 0.5 to
0.6.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2023
The performance assessment of a 5 kWp On-Grid Mon-crystalline silicon
photovoltaic( PV) solar sy... more The performance assessment of a 5 kWp On-Grid Mon-crystalline silicon
photovoltaic( PV) solar system is the subject of the present paper. This PV system is located in
Baghdad city, Al-Mansour company. The present PV solar system is observed during 2018.
The current system's yearly daily averages for the array yield ,final yield ,and the reference
yield are 4.65 kWh/kWp, 4.5 kWh/kWp, and 5.9 kWh/kWp, respectively. The final yield's
yearly energy is 1613.8 kWh/kWp. The present year's electrical energy output from this system
is 7891.57 kWh, and Baghdad's annual global horizontal solar irradiation (GHI) is 1987.5
kWh/m2
.The average yearly daily losses for the system and the array are 0.15 kWh/kWp and
1.33 kWh/kWp, respectively. The average yearly efficiencies for the system ,the array and the
inverter are 11.33%, 11.7%, and 96.75%, respectively. The annual daily averages for
performance ratio and capacity factor are 74.7% and 17.75 %, respectively. Mono-crystalline
silicon (Mono-Si) seems to operate well in the environment of Baghdad-Iraq.
Ahmed Kamoonah Publishing Company, Association of Genetic and Environmental Resources Conservation, 2017
تحددت اهداف البحث الحالي بالتعرف على
1-الاضطراب العاطفي لدى موظفي الدولة
2-تعرف الفروقات ذات الد... more تحددت اهداف البحث الحالي بالتعرف على
1-الاضطراب العاطفي لدى موظفي الدولة
2-تعرف الفروقات ذات الدلالة الاحصائية في الاضطراب العاطفي تبعا للموسم (صيف، شتاء)
3- تعرف الفروقات ذات الدلالة الاحصائية في الاضطراب العاطفيتبعا لمتغير لنوع ( ذكور، اناث) لفصل الصيف
4-تعرف الفروقات ذات الدلالة الاحصائية في الاضطراب العاطفيتبعا لمتغير لنوع ( ذكور، اناث) لفصل الشتاء
ولتحقيق اهداف الدراسة تم بناء مقياس الاضطراب العاطفي بصورتيه الشتوي والصيفي على عينة متكونه من 200 موظف وموظفة من وزارة التعليم العالي ووزارة الصحة بواقع 100 موظف و100 موظفة وقد تم استخدام الاختبار التائي لعينهومجتمع والاختبار التائي لعينتين مستقلتين وبعد المعالجات الاحصائية اظهرت النتائج بأن عينة البحث تعاني من الاضطراب العاطفي وهناك دلالة احصائية في نسبة الاصابة بالاضطراب العاطفي الشتوي لدى الاناث اكثر من الرجال ونسبة اضطراب عاطفي صيفي لدى الذكور اكثر من الاناث ومن خلال الدراسة توصل الباحثان الى عدد من التوصيات والمقترحات
as partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Sciences in (Atmospheric Sc... more as partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Sciences in (Atmospheric Sciences).
African Journal of Advanced Pure and Applied Sciences , 2022
In recent, the world has seen a shift toward alternative energy, which was chosen for a variety o... more In recent, the world has seen a shift toward alternative energy, which was chosen for a variety of reasons, including economic feasibility, environmental output, operational cost, and processing unit independence. Alternative or clean energy is divided into several categories, some of which are generated by solar cells and others by fans. In this study, we examined one of these types by investigating the possibility of selecting the appropriate solar cells through the use of a simulation software system for reality (climatic and spatial conditions).
ANNALS OF FOREST RESEARCH, 2023
The HIT (Heterojunction with Intrinsic Thin-layer) technology for the manufacture of solar panels... more The HIT (Heterojunction with Intrinsic Thin-layer) technology for the manufacture of solar panels is one of the techniques that depends on the crystal structure of different crystalline materials in their crystalline structure, this technology provided good specifications for its adoption in the manufacturing of solar panels. This research presents a performance evaluation of the solar photovoltaic system connected to the grid with a capacity of 15 kWp as real data and compare it with the hypothetical data of two simulation tools (PV-syst, HelioScope) to find out the extent of the deviation of the HIT solar system from the hypothetical values. The results were that the performance ratio (PR) for the real system and PV-syst program (for year no: 10) is about 74%,79%respectively. performance ratio of PVsyst and HelioScope simulation tools (for year no: 1) is about 83.22%,84% , The difference between the energy output values of the actual system and PV-syst tool(for year no: 10) is1164 KWh and The difference between PV-syst and HelioScope software systems (for year no: 1) is 1190 KWh. There are some evaluate results, in most important expected photovoltaic losses that effect on the module performance were estimated by PV-syst and HelioScope software tools due to irradiance level and temperature losses ware 0.45 % ,7.42 % and 0.2% , 6.2 % , respectively. The performance and productivity results of the photovoltaic system indicate the quality of performance of HIT technology in the climatic conditions of the city of Baghdad.
The Journal of Engineering Research, 2022
Planar concentrators are used in the current manuscript to improve the solar PV system parameters... more Planar concentrators are used in the current manuscript to improve the solar PV system parameters (electrical energy, array yield, and solar irradiation). Additionally, study the temperature (both the ambient temperature and the temperature of the PV modules), performance ratio, and efficiency. The current PV system is situated at Al-Taji town in Baghdad. These improvements are achieved by using planar concentrators to increase solar radiation (made of aluminium metal). The results demonstrated a 21% increase in the yearly average energy output for improved solar PV modules. The improved solar PV modules' average yearly array yield increased by 20.6%. Compared to the reference PV modules, the improved solar PV modules received 24% more solar irradiation yearly on average. The monthly average of the performance ratio (PR) and efficiency to the improved solar PV modules and reference solar PV modules are 89.3% & 13.61%, and 91.2% & 13.89%, respectively. The yearly average temperatures of the reference PV solar modules and improved PV solar modules are 48.8 O C and 46.0 O C, respectively, at an average ambient temperature of 29.2 O C. The originality of this work is the successful improvement of the electrical energy of the grid-tied PV system, in addition to studying the performance of the second generation of photovoltaic solar modules (CIGS), where CIGS is the PV module technology that is used in this manuscript.
Indian Journal of Ecology, 2022
An innovative for cooling and heating system worked by solar energy and shallow geothermal energy... more An innovative for cooling and heating system worked by solar energy and shallow geothermal energy was designed and tested that simulates the surface temperature of the ground using solar chimney and heat exchanger technologies in Baghdad city. The study was conducted in two processes, cooling process during July 2020, where a decrease in the temperature of the test room from the ambient air was recorded at an average of (6.2 C), and heating process during January 2021, where the system achieved a rise in the temperature of the test O room from the ambient air, which reached an average of (8.08 C). The efficiency of system was also calculated and the effect of solar radiation O and temperature on it was calculated, where the thermal efficiency of the system in January (92.12%) is higher than the cooling efficiency of the system in July (78.88%).
Indian Journal of Ecology, 2022
This research investigated the efficacy of using a solar still made of locally-sourced materials ... more This research investigated the efficacy of using a solar still made of locally-sourced materials in an Iraqi winter climate to: dry animal waste for use as biofuel and distil water for use in irrigation and animal consumption as well as drinking water in remote regions. The animal waste receptacle was located at the base of the solar still and divided into four equal parts. The solar still was erected in Baghdad, Iraq at 33 ° N, 44 ° E and placed in a south-facing orientation. It was then monitored for 20 consecutive days during winter; from December 2020 to January 2021; to determine its biomass and water output. The highest volume of distilled water produced during the day was 246 ml/m while the 2 highest volume of distilled water produced during the night was 86 ml/m. Therefore, the highest volume of distilled water produced over a 24-2 hour period was 332 ml/m. The highest daily distillation efficiency was 27.02% while the highest hourly distillation efficiency was 50.2%. The 2 solar still was able to successfully produce 7.4 kg of dry biomass over a 36-hour period.
JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING, 2022
In the present study, two techniques have been utilized to optimize (enhance) the performance par... more In the present study, two techniques have been utilized to optimize (enhance) the performance parameters of a grid-connected PV system. These techniques are planar concentrators and cooling. The present solar PV system has been mounted in Baghdad /Al-Taji city. This work included improving the performance parameters: performance ratio (PR), array efficiency, array yield and electrical energy, as well as solar irradiation. All of these improvements are accomplished via increasing solar irradiance by planar concentrators (made of aluminum metal) and cooling (via water). The monthly daily average (through a year) of energy generated for improved PV modules (by planar concentrators with cooling), and the reference PV modules at 14.2kWh, and 11.1kWh respectively. The monthly daily average of the array yield to the improved PV modules, and reference PV modules at 7.14kWh/kWp, and 5.61kWh/kWp respectively. The monthly daily average of solar irradiation to the improved PV modules, and the reference PV modules at 7.71kWh/m 2 , and 6.101kWh/m 2 respectively .The monthly daily average to the efficiency and performance ratio to the improved PV modules, and reference PV modules at 14.3% and 93.6%, and 13.9% and 91.1%respectively. The maximum average monthly temperatures to the improved PV modules ,and reference PV modules, are in July of 48.5 O C and 57.4 O C respectively ,at the ambient air temperature of 42.1 O C. The novelty of this work is the felicitous optimization of the performance (PR) parameters of a grid-tied PV system and follow the new equations to calculate these performance parameters. Besides improving the performance of the second generation of photovoltaic solar modules.
Iraqi Journal of Science and Technology, 2021
The current system is the grid-tied PV solar system. CIGS is the thin film technology (Second Gen... more The current system is the grid-tied PV solar system. CIGS is the thin film technology (Second Generation). The acronym of CIGS PV solar module comes from: Copper Indium Gallium Selenide. The system which is simulated to find the performance, optimum tilt and orientation angles is 5 kWp CIGS PV Solar system installed at al Mansour Company, Iraq-Baghdad (Latitude 33.3 º N, Longitude 44.4 º E and 34 meters above the Sea level). In this work is determined the amount of electrical energy generated, solar irradiation and performance ratio by PVsyst simulation program through changing the orientation (Azimuth Angle) toward the East, West and South. The optimum tilt angles and performance ratio (PR) when the monthly adjustment is used are (45º-55º) and 87.5% respectively for January, February, November and December, while (30º-33º) and 84.5% respectively for the march, April, September and October, (0º-15º) and 80.8% respectively for May, June, July and august. The optimum tilt angles when the seasonal adjustment is used are 15o for the summer season and 45º for the winter season. In the terms of the optimum fixed angle throughout the year, the optimum fixed tilt angle is 30º. The optimum azimuth angle is (0) where the loss/opt is zero.
Journal of Applied and Advanced Research, 2018
Increasing demand on electricity power during summer in Iraq because of increasing averages of te... more Increasing demand on electricity power during summer in Iraq because of increasing averages of temperature reached 47 ºC and continuous to increase and the problems facing Iraq is the increasing in peak load for the electrical system because of using cooling and air-conditioning operated by compressed gases, according it is obliged to search for alternative methods to activate electrical power consumption and one of solutions and processing is using application of cooling by evaporation (evaporation coolers) consumed less electrical and power compared with other cooling devices which provide power of amount (80%) and for what Iraq characterized by climate conditions such as scarcity of relative humidity among the research results, the general average of monthly average of relative humidity in Iraq during the summer season (the study period) for 36 years for the period (1980-2015) not exceeded (42%) as for the general average of the monthly average of temperature for the sam...
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Papers by Hazim H . Hussain
climate of any region in the world, and perhaps the precipitation in Iraq is witnessing an
incomprehensible seasonal fluctuation. The work tries to identify the reasons for this
fluctuation, from one season to another. The monthly average precipitation data in Iraq was
obtained by Global Precipitation Climatology Project GPCP. Also, data for sea surface
temperature anomalies (SST) for the four El Nino regions, as well as relative humidity and
zonal wind speed were obtained from the National Centres for Environmental Prediction
NCEP and National Centre for Atmospheric Research NCAR. The study period extended from
1980 to 2022, where the correlation of monthly precipitation average in Iraq with El Nino and
La Niña events was tested, and it was found that there was a positive proportional effect of the
El Nino event on the increase in rainfall rates in Iraq, the correlation coefficient R about 0.8 in
North and Northern-East of Iraq. To explain this, the correlation between El Niño events,
relative humidity, and zonal wind speed was tested. It was found that there is a proportional
effect of El Nino on the relative humidity and an inverse effect on the zonal wind speed.
Central and southern Iraq is less affected by El Niño and La Niña events, as the correlation
coefficient of monthly precipitation average with El Niño phenomenon is approximately 0.5 to
0.6.
photovoltaic( PV) solar system is the subject of the present paper. This PV system is located in
Baghdad city, Al-Mansour company. The present PV solar system is observed during 2018.
The current system's yearly daily averages for the array yield ,final yield ,and the reference
yield are 4.65 kWh/kWp, 4.5 kWh/kWp, and 5.9 kWh/kWp, respectively. The final yield's
yearly energy is 1613.8 kWh/kWp. The present year's electrical energy output from this system
is 7891.57 kWh, and Baghdad's annual global horizontal solar irradiation (GHI) is 1987.5
kWh/m2
.The average yearly daily losses for the system and the array are 0.15 kWh/kWp and
1.33 kWh/kWp, respectively. The average yearly efficiencies for the system ,the array and the
inverter are 11.33%, 11.7%, and 96.75%, respectively. The annual daily averages for
performance ratio and capacity factor are 74.7% and 17.75 %, respectively. Mono-crystalline
silicon (Mono-Si) seems to operate well in the environment of Baghdad-Iraq.
1-الاضطراب العاطفي لدى موظفي الدولة
2-تعرف الفروقات ذات الدلالة الاحصائية في الاضطراب العاطفي تبعا للموسم (صيف، شتاء)
3- تعرف الفروقات ذات الدلالة الاحصائية في الاضطراب العاطفيتبعا لمتغير لنوع ( ذكور، اناث) لفصل الصيف
4-تعرف الفروقات ذات الدلالة الاحصائية في الاضطراب العاطفيتبعا لمتغير لنوع ( ذكور، اناث) لفصل الشتاء
ولتحقيق اهداف الدراسة تم بناء مقياس الاضطراب العاطفي بصورتيه الشتوي والصيفي على عينة متكونه من 200 موظف وموظفة من وزارة التعليم العالي ووزارة الصحة بواقع 100 موظف و100 موظفة وقد تم استخدام الاختبار التائي لعينهومجتمع والاختبار التائي لعينتين مستقلتين وبعد المعالجات الاحصائية اظهرت النتائج بأن عينة البحث تعاني من الاضطراب العاطفي وهناك دلالة احصائية في نسبة الاصابة بالاضطراب العاطفي الشتوي لدى الاناث اكثر من الرجال ونسبة اضطراب عاطفي صيفي لدى الذكور اكثر من الاناث ومن خلال الدراسة توصل الباحثان الى عدد من التوصيات والمقترحات
climate of any region in the world, and perhaps the precipitation in Iraq is witnessing an
incomprehensible seasonal fluctuation. The work tries to identify the reasons for this
fluctuation, from one season to another. The monthly average precipitation data in Iraq was
obtained by Global Precipitation Climatology Project GPCP. Also, data for sea surface
temperature anomalies (SST) for the four El Nino regions, as well as relative humidity and
zonal wind speed were obtained from the National Centres for Environmental Prediction
NCEP and National Centre for Atmospheric Research NCAR. The study period extended from
1980 to 2022, where the correlation of monthly precipitation average in Iraq with El Nino and
La Niña events was tested, and it was found that there was a positive proportional effect of the
El Nino event on the increase in rainfall rates in Iraq, the correlation coefficient R about 0.8 in
North and Northern-East of Iraq. To explain this, the correlation between El Niño events,
relative humidity, and zonal wind speed was tested. It was found that there is a proportional
effect of El Nino on the relative humidity and an inverse effect on the zonal wind speed.
Central and southern Iraq is less affected by El Niño and La Niña events, as the correlation
coefficient of monthly precipitation average with El Niño phenomenon is approximately 0.5 to
0.6.
photovoltaic( PV) solar system is the subject of the present paper. This PV system is located in
Baghdad city, Al-Mansour company. The present PV solar system is observed during 2018.
The current system's yearly daily averages for the array yield ,final yield ,and the reference
yield are 4.65 kWh/kWp, 4.5 kWh/kWp, and 5.9 kWh/kWp, respectively. The final yield's
yearly energy is 1613.8 kWh/kWp. The present year's electrical energy output from this system
is 7891.57 kWh, and Baghdad's annual global horizontal solar irradiation (GHI) is 1987.5
kWh/m2
.The average yearly daily losses for the system and the array are 0.15 kWh/kWp and
1.33 kWh/kWp, respectively. The average yearly efficiencies for the system ,the array and the
inverter are 11.33%, 11.7%, and 96.75%, respectively. The annual daily averages for
performance ratio and capacity factor are 74.7% and 17.75 %, respectively. Mono-crystalline
silicon (Mono-Si) seems to operate well in the environment of Baghdad-Iraq.
1-الاضطراب العاطفي لدى موظفي الدولة
2-تعرف الفروقات ذات الدلالة الاحصائية في الاضطراب العاطفي تبعا للموسم (صيف، شتاء)
3- تعرف الفروقات ذات الدلالة الاحصائية في الاضطراب العاطفيتبعا لمتغير لنوع ( ذكور، اناث) لفصل الصيف
4-تعرف الفروقات ذات الدلالة الاحصائية في الاضطراب العاطفيتبعا لمتغير لنوع ( ذكور، اناث) لفصل الشتاء
ولتحقيق اهداف الدراسة تم بناء مقياس الاضطراب العاطفي بصورتيه الشتوي والصيفي على عينة متكونه من 200 موظف وموظفة من وزارة التعليم العالي ووزارة الصحة بواقع 100 موظف و100 موظفة وقد تم استخدام الاختبار التائي لعينهومجتمع والاختبار التائي لعينتين مستقلتين وبعد المعالجات الاحصائية اظهرت النتائج بأن عينة البحث تعاني من الاضطراب العاطفي وهناك دلالة احصائية في نسبة الاصابة بالاضطراب العاطفي الشتوي لدى الاناث اكثر من الرجال ونسبة اضطراب عاطفي صيفي لدى الذكور اكثر من الاناث ومن خلال الدراسة توصل الباحثان الى عدد من التوصيات والمقترحات
47Cº and continuous in its increase additionally resulted in increasing of
demand on electricity power for cooling purposes, and because of using
cooling and air conditioning devices which consume large electrical power
make the load reaching the peak for the electrical system during this period
and this effects on electricity power stations which have become one of the
big problems Iraq suffering from it, and considering using evaporation
devices, especially the evaporation coolers which low consume electrical
power(complementary) amount (60%-80%) compared with other systems
make them more common systems in Iraq especially with the availability of
the suitable climate conditions for they resulted in decline in relative
humidity rates which are always less than (60%) and temperature rates
ranged from (26Cº- 47Cº),the study results have demonstrated that all Iraqi
regions are suitable for evaporation cooling applications with efficiency
rate(46%) also demonstrated that the best period for the cooling system work
is(July) of summer season with efficiency(60%) and the best region for
evaporation cooling application during the summer period is center of (Basra)
city where higher efficiency of amount(55%).
and cooling in buildings, including the solar chimney and heat exchanger, which
are renewable energy technologies that give clean energy free of pollutants to
reduce the negative effects of traditional energy on the atmosphere, in addition to
protecting human health and preserving the environment from climate changes.
The study was carried out in Jisr Diyala agricultural area in Baghdad city in
two processes, the cooling process at five months (May, June, July, August and
September) 2020, where a decrease in the temperature of the test room was
recorded from the ambient air temperature ranged between (5-7℃). It was found
that the temperature of the heat exchanger is greatly affected by the temperature
of the water and the surrounding soil, where the minimum average of the
temperature was recorded in May (18.11 ℃), and the maximum average (23.5
℃) in July. The heating process took place at three months, December 2020,
(January and February) 2021, where the system achieved a higher temperature in
the test room than the ambient air temperature, which reached a maximum of
(13.26 ℃) in February. The efficiency of the system was also calculated and the
impact of weather conditions on it was studied. The cooling efficiency reached
the highest amount (79.42%) in May, while the lowest value was in July
(68.64%), while the thermal efficiency reached the highest amount in February
(89.05%) and the lowest value in December (86.79%) and it was found that the
relationship between system efficiency (cooling efficiency and thermal
efficiency) with weather conditions (solar radiation and temperature) was
positive, while the relationship was inverse between system efficiency and
relative humidity. As for wind speed, it had a different effect on the system.
satellite dish, to use for boiling water and cooking the food types, within a
period of 4 months January ,March, June and September . In 2020 , the dish
was covered with a layer of aluminum reflectivity that reflects up to 85%
.This solar cooker has the ability to move horizontally in 360 degrees and
vertically in 90 degrees, which allows following up the movement of the sun
in on easy way . The solar cooker was installed on the building of the
College of Science , Mustansiriyah university, which lies on ( 33.31 Latitude
,44.361 . Longitude ) . The solar cooker was operated by means of filling the
cooking pot 1 liter of water in ( Ambient temperature) and heating it to the
boiling point for 7 hours a day starting from ( 9:00 am to 3:00 pm . ) local
time , After that, calculated the boiling time , energy ,exergy and optical
efficiencies of the solar cooker and studied solar radiation , wind speed ,
Ambient temperature and cloud are affecting performance and efficiency ,
the results showed that the optical efficiency of the solar cooker was 72 % and
showed the best thermal performance of the solar cooker was in the months of
June due the increase in solar radiation and the reduced influence ( wind speed
and cloud cover ). this changing environmental conditions led to an instability
in energy efficiency. The results also showed that the energy efficiency is
correlated inversely with solar radiation , Ambient temperature and wind
speed and boiling time is correlated inversely with solar radiation , Ambient
temperature and is correlated direct with wind speed , Average efficiencies
energy and exergy in all test months ( 78%, 34% , 26 and 30% respectively ),
while the exergy efficiencies are (45%, 22% , 26 ,and 12 % ) respectivel
validity of a solar still which is made of two parts (a water tank and a
solar still ) for desalting , heating and sterilizing water within a period of
20 days distributed in March and April 2017 . The still under study was
installed on the building of the College of Science , Al-Mustansiriyah
university on the geographic south of Baghdad , the city which lies on 33
degree latitude to the north .
The still was operated by means of filling the water tank with
unhealthy water from a stream in Saba Qusoor in Baghdad .The still
produced pure water with an average of ( 1106 ml/m2 .h) during the day
and (222 ml/m2.h) at night .The total water produced is thus (1324
ml/m2.h). Samples of water (100 ml) were taken before and after
distilling , then examined in Central Environmental Laboratory which
belongs to the Ministry of Health and Environment .
The laboratory analysis of the stream water showed that the
percentage of salt was decreased from 1886 mg/l to 105 mg/l after
distilling . Also , Total Pollution Content ( T.P.C.) decreased 92 percent
whereas E. coil , T.c. , and F.c became zero , i.e. they were totally killed .
This means that the process of desalting using this still showed great
success and good efficiency. In this study, the effect of weather
conditions on the productivity of the still was also studied , where the
relation between the average of daily solar radiation and productivity of
the still was a linear positive relationship having a correlation coefficient
R ( 0.795) . Also , there was a linear relationship between the daily
efficiency of the still and daily solar radiation having a correlation
coefficient R= (0.648) . Furthermore , a linear relationship between
temperature and productivity having a correlation coefficient R= (0.756) .
Finally , the relation between temperature and the daily efficiency of the
still was found as a weak relationship with a correlation coefficient R=
( 0.296) .