As large language models (LLMs) continue to advance, evaluating their comprehensive capabilities ... more As large language models (LLMs) continue to advance, evaluating their comprehensive capabilities becomes significant for their application in various fields. This research study comprehensively evaluates the language, vision, speech, and multimodal capabilities of GPT-4o. The study employs standardized exam questions, reasoning tasks, and translation assessments to assess the model's language capability. Additionally, GPT-4o's vision and speech capabilities are tested through image classification and object recognition tasks, as well as accent classification. The multimodal evaluation assesses the model's performance in integrating visual and linguistic data. Our findings reveal that GPT-4o demonstrates high accuracy and efficiency across multiple domains in language and reasoning capabilities, excelling in tasks that require few-shot learning. GPT-4o also provides notable improvements in multimodal tasks compared to its predecessors. However, the model shows variability and faces limitations in handling complex and ambiguous inputs, particularly in audio and vision capabilities. This paper highlights the need for more comprehensive benchmarks and robust evaluation frameworks, encompassing qualitative assessments involving human judgment as well as error analysis. Future work should focus on expanding datasets, investigating prompt-based assessment, and enhancing few-shot learning techniques to test the model's practical applicability and performance in real-world scenarios.
While the importance of employment for well-being and sense of belonging is well-documented in th... more While the importance of employment for well-being and sense of belonging is well-documented in the literature, individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) face substantial challenges in securing and retaining meaningful employment after completing their schooling. This chapter addresses the gap in research concerning employment readiness, access, and retention for individuals with ASD by exploring the potential of generative artificial intelligence (GAI), specifically ChatGPT, to support their transition from education to employment. The chapter evaluates three propositions: ChatGPT as a tool for communication and social skills training, as a source of just-in-time (JIT) information, and as a support resource for caregivers. Based on a synthesis of existing literature, this chapter highlights the advantages of GAI, such as providing a low-stakes environment for practicing social interactions and delivering immediate, reliable information, while also emphasizing the need to integrate AI alongside professional guidance to maximize effectiveness. The risks and ethical pitfalls of integrating GAI into workplace training for individuals with autism are also detailed.
Journal of Cybersecurity Education, Research and Practice, 2024
In the constantly evolving landscape of academia, institutions of higher education (IHEs) face in... more In the constantly evolving landscape of academia, institutions of higher education (IHEs) face increasing challenges in ensuring the security and integrity of sensitive data that they manage. Blockchain technology has gained prominence in recent years for its potential to revolutionize data management and security and may be one approach to maintaining needed security and integrity. This paper explores the application of the National Institute of Standards and Technology's (NIST) Cybersecurity Framework to harness the full potential of blockchain in higher education settings. By merging the principles of NIST's framework with blockchain technology, institutions can fortify their cybersecurity measures and develop greater organizational well-being. The primary objective of this paper is to describe how the NIST Cybersecurity Framework can be strategically employed to identify security threats within an organization and seamlessly integrate diverse blockchain technologies to help address these threats. This paper will discuss the nature of blockchain, with a particular focus on enhancing the efficiency and security of critical functions such as enrollment management, degree auditing, and award processing. By addressing these unique challenges faced by educational departments, this paper aims to suggest practical measures for bolstering cybersecurity measures in institutions of higher education.
The rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) within society, and the emergence of the Fo... more The rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) within society, and the emergence of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), has ignited a spectrum of emotions in society, ranging from enthusiasm to anxiety. This study investigates the depths of AI anxiety and fear among a population of information science students and professionals. Utilizing a survey of over 200 current students and professionals, this study explores the connections between age, gender identity, ethnicity, geographic location, educational attainment, and residence, and the levels of anxiety and fear associated with AI and the 4IR. The findings reveal nuanced relationships, with age, ethnicity, academic achievement, and regional context serving as critical differentiators in 4IR and AI anxiety within this population. Students and professionals alike may benefit from seeking further education about this emerging technology.
In response to the increasing complexity and sophistication of cyber threats, particularly those ... more In response to the increasing complexity and sophistication of cyber threats, particularly those enhanced by advancements in artificial intelligence, traditional security methods are proving insufficient. This paper explores the zero trust cybersecurity framework, which operates on the principle of "never trust, always verify" to mitigate vulnerabilities within organizations. Specifically, it examines the applicability of zero trust principles in environments where large volumes of information are exchanged, such as schools and libraries, highlighting the importance of continuous authentication, least privilege access, and breach assumption. The findings highlight avenues for future research that may help preserve the security of vulnerable organizations.
PurposeThis study examines research methods utilized in five practitioner-oriented research journ... more PurposeThis study examines research methods utilized in five practitioner-oriented research journals – College and Research Libraries, Information Technology and Libraries, Journal of the Medical Library Association, Library Resources and Technical Services and Reference and User Services Quarterly. The study fills gaps identified in existing content analyses of methods in practitioner-based LIS research publications.Design/methodology/approachBased on analysis standards and coding schemes supplied by the studies of Kalervo Jarvelin and Pertti Vakkari, as well as Heting Chu, this study identifies the primary research method utilized in 6,387 articles published in these five journals from 1980 to 2019. Trends in the frequencies with which various research methods were used are identified and presented using a series of visualizations.FindingsSignificant shifts have occurred in the research methods used by articles in these practitioner-based journals over the past four decades. Notably, the proportion of case studies has dropped substantially, particularly among College and Research Libraries and Journal of the Medical Library Association articles. Diversity of research methods utilized in articles has increased over time, with College and Research Libraries, in particular, having a significant proportion of articles in recent years that employ data analytic or qualitative approaches.Originality/valueWhile similar approaches have been used to examine research methods among other LIS journals, this study is the first to focus primarily on practitioner-based journals and document continuous change (as opposed to sampling a few years) over an extended, 40-year period.
Advances in library and information science (ALIS) book series, Feb 4, 2022
In the past two decades, the rapid development of information technology has been widely used in ... more In the past two decades, the rapid development of information technology has been widely used in individuals' daily lives, leading to a sea change. As a city at the forefront of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in China, Hangzhou first applied the technology to public library services to relieve the shortage of reference and circulation service resources caused by a large number of regular patrons. This chapter first introduced the application model of AI in various libraries worldwide, then focused on its application in a public library in China, a developing country. This chapter may shed light on the application of AI in other libraries in developing countries.
Journal of Data and Information Science, Sep 8, 2022
This paper reviews literature pertaining to the development of data science as a discipline, curr... more This paper reviews literature pertaining to the development of data science as a discipline, current issues with data bias and ethics, and the role that the discipline of information science may play in addressing these concerns. Information science research and researchers have much to offer for data science, owing to their background as transdisciplinary scholars who apply human-centered and social-behavioral perspectives to issues within natural science disciplines. Information science researchers have already contributed to a humanistic approach to data ethics within the literature and an emphasis on data science within information schools all but ensures that this literature will continue to grow in coming decades. This review article serves as a reference for the history, current progress, and potential future directions of data ethics research within the corpus of information science literature.
This paper reviews literature pertaining to the development of data science as a discipline, curr... more This paper reviews literature pertaining to the development of data science as a discipline, current issues with data bias and ethics, and the role that the discipline of information science may play in addressing these concerns. Information science research and researchers have much to offer for data science, owing to their background as transdisciplinary scholars who apply human-centered and social-behavioral perspectives to issues within natural science disciplines. Information science researchers have already contributed to a humanistic approach to data ethics within the literature and an emphasis on data science within information schools all but ensures that this literature will continue to grow in coming decades. This review article serves as a reference for the history, current progress, and potential future directions of data ethics research within the corpus of information science literature.
This paper presents the results of a survey completed by academic librarians at United States col... more This paper presents the results of a survey completed by academic librarians at United States colleges and universities identified on the ThinkCollege.net website, a project of the Institute for Community Inclusion at the University of Massachusetts Boston funded by grants from the Office of Postsecondary Education, US Department of Education. The objective of the study was to learn about the reference and instructional involvement of academic librarians in providing resources, library services, and learning activities with enrolled college students with intellectual disabilities (ID). The results reveal several recommendations for academic libraries and librarians toward improving access to postsecondary education for students with ID.
As large language models (LLMs) continue to advance, evaluating their comprehensive capabilities ... more As large language models (LLMs) continue to advance, evaluating their comprehensive capabilities becomes significant for their application in various fields. This research study comprehensively evaluates the language, vision, speech, and multimodal capabilities of GPT-4o. The study employs standardized exam questions, reasoning tasks, and translation assessments to assess the model's language capability. Additionally, GPT-4o's vision and speech capabilities are tested through image classification and object recognition tasks, as well as accent classification. The multimodal evaluation assesses the model's performance in integrating visual and linguistic data. Our findings reveal that GPT-4o demonstrates high accuracy and efficiency across multiple domains in language and reasoning capabilities, excelling in tasks that require few-shot learning. GPT-4o also provides notable improvements in multimodal tasks compared to its predecessors. However, the model shows variability and faces limitations in handling complex and ambiguous inputs, particularly in audio and vision capabilities. This paper highlights the need for more comprehensive benchmarks and robust evaluation frameworks, encompassing qualitative assessments involving human judgment as well as error analysis. Future work should focus on expanding datasets, investigating prompt-based assessment, and enhancing few-shot learning techniques to test the model's practical applicability and performance in real-world scenarios.
While the importance of employment for well-being and sense of belonging is well-documented in th... more While the importance of employment for well-being and sense of belonging is well-documented in the literature, individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) face substantial challenges in securing and retaining meaningful employment after completing their schooling. This chapter addresses the gap in research concerning employment readiness, access, and retention for individuals with ASD by exploring the potential of generative artificial intelligence (GAI), specifically ChatGPT, to support their transition from education to employment. The chapter evaluates three propositions: ChatGPT as a tool for communication and social skills training, as a source of just-in-time (JIT) information, and as a support resource for caregivers. Based on a synthesis of existing literature, this chapter highlights the advantages of GAI, such as providing a low-stakes environment for practicing social interactions and delivering immediate, reliable information, while also emphasizing the need to integrate AI alongside professional guidance to maximize effectiveness. The risks and ethical pitfalls of integrating GAI into workplace training for individuals with autism are also detailed.
Journal of Cybersecurity Education, Research and Practice, 2024
In the constantly evolving landscape of academia, institutions of higher education (IHEs) face in... more In the constantly evolving landscape of academia, institutions of higher education (IHEs) face increasing challenges in ensuring the security and integrity of sensitive data that they manage. Blockchain technology has gained prominence in recent years for its potential to revolutionize data management and security and may be one approach to maintaining needed security and integrity. This paper explores the application of the National Institute of Standards and Technology's (NIST) Cybersecurity Framework to harness the full potential of blockchain in higher education settings. By merging the principles of NIST's framework with blockchain technology, institutions can fortify their cybersecurity measures and develop greater organizational well-being. The primary objective of this paper is to describe how the NIST Cybersecurity Framework can be strategically employed to identify security threats within an organization and seamlessly integrate diverse blockchain technologies to help address these threats. This paper will discuss the nature of blockchain, with a particular focus on enhancing the efficiency and security of critical functions such as enrollment management, degree auditing, and award processing. By addressing these unique challenges faced by educational departments, this paper aims to suggest practical measures for bolstering cybersecurity measures in institutions of higher education.
The rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) within society, and the emergence of the Fo... more The rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) within society, and the emergence of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), has ignited a spectrum of emotions in society, ranging from enthusiasm to anxiety. This study investigates the depths of AI anxiety and fear among a population of information science students and professionals. Utilizing a survey of over 200 current students and professionals, this study explores the connections between age, gender identity, ethnicity, geographic location, educational attainment, and residence, and the levels of anxiety and fear associated with AI and the 4IR. The findings reveal nuanced relationships, with age, ethnicity, academic achievement, and regional context serving as critical differentiators in 4IR and AI anxiety within this population. Students and professionals alike may benefit from seeking further education about this emerging technology.
In response to the increasing complexity and sophistication of cyber threats, particularly those ... more In response to the increasing complexity and sophistication of cyber threats, particularly those enhanced by advancements in artificial intelligence, traditional security methods are proving insufficient. This paper explores the zero trust cybersecurity framework, which operates on the principle of "never trust, always verify" to mitigate vulnerabilities within organizations. Specifically, it examines the applicability of zero trust principles in environments where large volumes of information are exchanged, such as schools and libraries, highlighting the importance of continuous authentication, least privilege access, and breach assumption. The findings highlight avenues for future research that may help preserve the security of vulnerable organizations.
PurposeThis study examines research methods utilized in five practitioner-oriented research journ... more PurposeThis study examines research methods utilized in five practitioner-oriented research journals – College and Research Libraries, Information Technology and Libraries, Journal of the Medical Library Association, Library Resources and Technical Services and Reference and User Services Quarterly. The study fills gaps identified in existing content analyses of methods in practitioner-based LIS research publications.Design/methodology/approachBased on analysis standards and coding schemes supplied by the studies of Kalervo Jarvelin and Pertti Vakkari, as well as Heting Chu, this study identifies the primary research method utilized in 6,387 articles published in these five journals from 1980 to 2019. Trends in the frequencies with which various research methods were used are identified and presented using a series of visualizations.FindingsSignificant shifts have occurred in the research methods used by articles in these practitioner-based journals over the past four decades. Notably, the proportion of case studies has dropped substantially, particularly among College and Research Libraries and Journal of the Medical Library Association articles. Diversity of research methods utilized in articles has increased over time, with College and Research Libraries, in particular, having a significant proportion of articles in recent years that employ data analytic or qualitative approaches.Originality/valueWhile similar approaches have been used to examine research methods among other LIS journals, this study is the first to focus primarily on practitioner-based journals and document continuous change (as opposed to sampling a few years) over an extended, 40-year period.
Advances in library and information science (ALIS) book series, Feb 4, 2022
In the past two decades, the rapid development of information technology has been widely used in ... more In the past two decades, the rapid development of information technology has been widely used in individuals' daily lives, leading to a sea change. As a city at the forefront of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in China, Hangzhou first applied the technology to public library services to relieve the shortage of reference and circulation service resources caused by a large number of regular patrons. This chapter first introduced the application model of AI in various libraries worldwide, then focused on its application in a public library in China, a developing country. This chapter may shed light on the application of AI in other libraries in developing countries.
Journal of Data and Information Science, Sep 8, 2022
This paper reviews literature pertaining to the development of data science as a discipline, curr... more This paper reviews literature pertaining to the development of data science as a discipline, current issues with data bias and ethics, and the role that the discipline of information science may play in addressing these concerns. Information science research and researchers have much to offer for data science, owing to their background as transdisciplinary scholars who apply human-centered and social-behavioral perspectives to issues within natural science disciplines. Information science researchers have already contributed to a humanistic approach to data ethics within the literature and an emphasis on data science within information schools all but ensures that this literature will continue to grow in coming decades. This review article serves as a reference for the history, current progress, and potential future directions of data ethics research within the corpus of information science literature.
This paper reviews literature pertaining to the development of data science as a discipline, curr... more This paper reviews literature pertaining to the development of data science as a discipline, current issues with data bias and ethics, and the role that the discipline of information science may play in addressing these concerns. Information science research and researchers have much to offer for data science, owing to their background as transdisciplinary scholars who apply human-centered and social-behavioral perspectives to issues within natural science disciplines. Information science researchers have already contributed to a humanistic approach to data ethics within the literature and an emphasis on data science within information schools all but ensures that this literature will continue to grow in coming decades. This review article serves as a reference for the history, current progress, and potential future directions of data ethics research within the corpus of information science literature.
This paper presents the results of a survey completed by academic librarians at United States col... more This paper presents the results of a survey completed by academic librarians at United States colleges and universities identified on the ThinkCollege.net website, a project of the Institute for Community Inclusion at the University of Massachusetts Boston funded by grants from the Office of Postsecondary Education, US Department of Education. The objective of the study was to learn about the reference and instructional involvement of academic librarians in providing resources, library services, and learning activities with enrolled college students with intellectual disabilities (ID). The results reveal several recommendations for academic libraries and librarians toward improving access to postsecondary education for students with ID.
There are many classification schemes in use by libraries around the world today. They can differ... more There are many classification schemes in use by libraries around the world today. They can differ in several regards: whether they are enumerative (comprehensive and hierarchically structured), faceted (containing composed categories that can be combined), or somewhere inbetween (e.g., analytico-synthetic); as well as whether the schemes are universal (designed to be applicable to all of topical and geographical areas), national (designed to be primarily applicable to a specific geographic area), or special (designed to be applicable to a specific subject, such a "medicine" or "music"). This entry discusses the structure and history of these different categories of schemes and examples of each, including Dewey Decimal, Universal Decimal, Colon, and Library of Congress Classification as universal schemes, Nippon, Korean Decimal, Library-Bibliographical, Chinese Library Classification as national schemes, and National Library of Medicine, Iconclass, and Moys Classification as specialized schemes, among others. The geographic dispersion and reasons for these schemes adoption, as well as possible rationale for reclassification, are explored. By exploring the structure, history, and geographic dispersion of various classification schemes, this entry offers a unique perspective on the ways in which libraries and other organizations have sought to organize and classify information over time.
Doctoral Dissertation, Emporia State University, 2022
Doctoral Dissertation: This study examined the relationship that personal, economic, and social-r... more Doctoral Dissertation: This study examined the relationship that personal, economic, and social-relational factors have with the development of digital literacy skills among rural older adults who have been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on ecological theories proposed by Kim and Moen (wellbeing) and Williamson (information behavior) and using modified questions from existing, validated surveys of the target population (Health and Retirement Survey, Jones-Jang et al. study of digital literacy), this study surveyed older adults in rural, western Kansas. The findings of this study indicate strong interrelationships between personal, economic, and social-relational factors and the three digital literacy indicators (information literacy scores, trust in interpersonal information sources, and trust in mass media information sources) among rural, independently living older Kansans. As the rural, independent-living, older adult population is rarely studied in any discipline, let alone library and information science, this study also provides a unique contribution to the scholarly corpus of the field and may inform future research to examine the lives and information needs of rural older adults.
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