Papers by Germán Gasparini
Quaternary Science Reviews, Jun 1, 2022
During the Pleistocene intense climatic changes occurred corresponding with the alternation of in... more During the Pleistocene intense climatic changes occurred corresponding with the alternation of interglacial and glacial periods. By means of stable isotope analysis on fossil mammals, this research allows the assessment of the palaeoecological and palaeoclimatic conditions, including the possible scenarios for the atmospheric circulation pattern during three key phases of the late Pleistocene in the Pampean region of Argentina: Last Interglacial (LIG, MIS 5e; unpublished data), Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; 28,170e19,849 cal BP yrs), and post-Last Glacial Maximum (post-LGM, 17,281e11,500 cal BP yrs). Tooth enamel d 13 C values of mammals from the Last Glacial Maximum showed an increase in C 4 plants consumption compared to the other two phases studied, which may be related to a reduction in forest cover due to a combination of environmental factors such as decreased pCO 2 atm and increased aridity. We evaluated mean annual precipitation (MAP) and mean annual temperature (MAT) variability from tooth enamel d 13 C and d 18 O values, which showed a greater variation in precipitation between phases than in temperature. This result enabled us to propose two climate regimes for the studied temporal sequence, an arid-temperate regime, and a humid-temperate regime, which were mostly regulated by variations in atmospheric circulation.
Comptes Rendus Palevol, Sep 1, 2009
... [11] M. Coltorti, L. Abbazzi, M. Ferreti, P. Lacumin, F. Paredes Ríos, M. Pellegrini, P. Pier... more ... [11] M. Coltorti, L. Abbazzi, M. Ferreti, P. Lacumin, F. Paredes Ríos, M. Pellegrini, P. Pieruccini, M. Rustioni, G. Tito and L. Rook, Last Glacial Mammals in South America: a new scenario from the Tarija Basin (Bolivia), Naturwissenschaften 94 (2007), pp. 288299. ...
Revista Mexicana De Ciencias Geologicas, Aug 1, 2011
Actualmente, se reconocen al menos tres especies vivientes: Tayassu tajacu (Linnaeus), T. pecari ... more Actualmente, se reconocen al menos tres especies vivientes: Tayassu tajacu (Linnaeus), T. pecari (Link) y Catagonus wagneri (Rusconi). Ambos géneros están representados en el registro fósil sudamericano, a los que se les suma el género extinto Platygonus Le Conte. La presente contribución tiene por objetivo dar a conocer el primer registro fósil de un tayasuido en la Formación Tezanos Pinto, provincia de Santa Fe, asignando el material MFA-PV 1172 (serie dentaria inferior izquierda y pm4 derecho) a Tayassu pecari. El espécimen fue hallado en un ambiente de depósito afín a condiciones climáticas áridas a semiáridas frías y secas durante un período glacial, compatibles con ambientes abiertos, típicos de sabana, con predominio de pastizales. La presencia de esta especie (adaptada principalmente a climas húmedos, y a ambientes boscosos y selváticos) en sedimentos depositados bajo condiciones climáticas propias del Último Máximo Glacial, refl eja su gran plasticidad y amplia tolerancia ecológica, lo cual concuerda con su extensa distribución geográfi ca actual. Asimismo, la localidad fosilífera (Las Petacas, departamento San Martín) está ubicada geográfi camente en el centro-oeste de Santa Fe, claramente alejada de la distribución actual de T. pecari.
Journal of Mammalogy, Apr 24, 2019
A primary requirement of the mammalian skull is to exert forces on different foods and to resist ... more A primary requirement of the mammalian skull is to exert forces on different foods and to resist the forces imposed on it during feeding. Skull shape patterns within and among mammals are generally well known, but the biomechanical relevance of this variation remains limited for some groups. By integrating geometric morphometric and biomechanical analyses, we test the hypothesis that skull shape in peccaries reflects biomechanical attributes to generate and dissipate powerful forces, presumably in response to tough foods. We obtained skull shape and size from 213 specimens of the three living peccary species and estimated bite force, bite stress at molars, bending and shear stress on the mandibular corpus, and condylar stress. We found larger estimated bite forces, greater resistance to bending loads, and lower stress emerging from the larger muscle attachment areas and shorter and deeper mandibular corpora for both Pecari tajacu and Tayassu pecari relative to Parachoerus wagneri. Peccaries (P. tajacu and T. pecari) with more powerful biomechanical attributes feed mainly on tougher foods (e.g., palm fruits). These results support the hypothesis that species eating tough foods tend to have a feeding morphology mechanically adapted to stronger bites and greater biting resistance, which must be closely reflected in their craniomandibular shape.
Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, 2008
Faunistic analisys of vertebrates from las toscas del Río de La Plata (Buenos Aires, Argentina): ... more Faunistic analisys of vertebrates from las toscas del Río de La Plata (Buenos Aires, Argentina): a palaeontological site in disappearance. At the coast of the río de la Plata in the Buenos Aires city lies a classic paleontological site, known as toscas del Río de La Plata or simple as las toscas. It has been studied for over 120 years and, although it has been widely spread, today is only possible to observe it during low tide. For this reason, most of the available materials are those collected during the first half of the XX th century, and that so far have only been incorporated into scarce taxonomic reviews. Among the fossils collected in las toscas highlights Glyptodon munizi Ameghino, Neosclerocalyptus pseudornatus Ameghino, Mesotherium cristatum Serrés, Arctotherium angustidens Gervais y Ameghino and Theriodictis platensis (Mercerat); all are exclusive species from the Ensenadan Stage (early to-middle Pleistocene). The sediments of las toscas were deposited during times of normal polarity, more precisely during the Jaramillo event (Chron C1r1n, ca. de 1 Ma). Faunistic evidences (e.g. Tolypeutes, Catagonus) allow to interpret las toscas as an open environment with dry conditions and probably colder than the present.
Ameghiniana, 2002
Resumen. Florentino Ameghino caracterizó al "Piso Aymará" (también denominado &... more Resumen. Florentino Ameghino caracterizó al "Piso Aymará" (también denominado "Aimarense", "horizonte aymará" o "formación aymará") como a una unidad mucho más amplia que la posteriormente definida por autores tales como Frenguelli. Para este último autor, ...
Journal of South American Earth Sciences, Jul 1, 2015
The coastal cliffs of the Buenos Aires province (Argentina) have been the subject of intense pale... more The coastal cliffs of the Buenos Aires province (Argentina) have been the subject of intense paleontological studies since the XIX century. Therefore, many of the type localities in which is based the late Cenozoic Pampean biostratigraphic/chronostratigraphic scheme are located in this area. In this context, the sedimentites that crop out near the mouth of the Chocorí Creek contain a set of palaeontological sites that, because of their richness and well-preserved fossil content, hold high national and international importance. The aims of the present contribution are: 1) to make a stratigraphic and sedimentological
Historical Biology, Sep 1, 2013
Catagonus wagneri has the most restricted geographical distribution among extant Tayassuidae and ... more Catagonus wagneri has the most restricted geographical distribution among extant Tayassuidae and inhabited semi-arid thorny forests of dry Chaco in Paraguay, Bolivia and Argentina. Until now, C. wagneri has only been recorded in archaeological, pre-Hispanic deposits from the Santiago del Estero Province, Argentina. A new partially complete skull from the Sopas Formation (Late Pleistocene; Uruguay) is identified as C. wagneri. This is the only fossil record of the species which extends its biochron until the late Pleistocene, and the first one substantially far from its current range; the first fossil record of the species in Uruguay; the most complete fossil material of the species; and it provides relevant ecological and climatic information. According to the ecological and climatic available information of C. wagneri, the presence of this mammal in the late Pleistocene of northern Uruguay indicates a warm climate and arid to semi-arid environments. Even though not associated with the fossil remains of C. wagneri, some mammals included in the sedimentary levels of the Sopas Formation also suggest arid to semi-arid environments. Climatic changes, in particular in the late Pleistocene and Holocene, could be invoked to explain modifications of its geographic range.
Geobios, Mar 1, 2017
The South American camelids belong to the Tribe Lamini; this Tribe originated in North America an... more The South American camelids belong to the Tribe Lamini; this Tribe originated in North America and arrived in South America during the ''Great American Biotic Interchange''. The goals of this paper are: (i) to describe the specimen MAM-70, the oldest record of Hemiauchenia Gervais and Ameghino in South America; (ii) to analyze this specimen from a stratigraphic point of view; (iii) to update the distribution and stratigraphic ranges of Lamini in South America; and (iv) to discuss its dispersal pattern to South America. The finding of Hemiauchenia sp. in late Pliocene Chapadmalalan sediments cropping out at the city of Olavarría (Buenos Aires Province, Argentina) represents the oldest record of a Lamini taxon in South America. This finding refutes the hypotheses that consider the genus Lama as the first North American immigrant and those considering that Hemiauchenia and Palaeolama arrived in South America after the closure of the Central America land bridge, during the early-middle Pleistocene. In turn, this specimen corroborates the hypothesis of the dispersal of Lamini from North America to South America, which considered that Palaeolama dispersed after Hemiauchenia, in a later and isolated event. In addition, this finding suggests the possibility that a form closely related to the North American Hemiauchenia macrocephala could have dispersed to South America during the Pliocene, thus originating the South American forms of Hemiauchenia and Lama.
Journal of Mammalian Evolution, Sep 24, 2011
Page 1. ORIGINAL PAPER Records and Stratigraphical Ranges of South American Tayassuidae (Mammalia... more Page 1. ORIGINAL PAPER Records and Stratigraphical Ranges of South American Tayassuidae (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) Germán Mariano Gasparini © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011 Abstract Tayassuidae represent ...
Alcheringa, Mar 1, 2010
... Home &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; List of Issues &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; Table of Conten... more ... Home &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; List of Issues &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; Table of Contents &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; A review of the Quaternary Tayassuidae (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) from the Tarija Valley, Bolivia. ... A review of the Quaternary Tayassuidae (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) from the Tarija Valley, Bolivia. ...
SpringerBriefs in earth system sciences, 2015
SpringerBriefs in earth system sciences, 2015
The biotic interchange between the Americas occurred in several phases during more than nine mill... more The biotic interchange between the Americas occurred in several phases during more than nine million years. In this book, we focus on mammals of southern South America, where the most important and richest localities with fossil vertebrates of Late Miocene–Holocene Age were reported. We here provide basic information about taxonomic composition, biostratigraphy, climate evolution, continental tectonics, and biogeography for better understanding the GABI. Furthermore, we analyze the chronology and dynamics of the GABI, the evolution of some South American mammalian groups through time, and the Quaternary mammalian extinctions. As the GABI was a complex process, we divide it into ProtoGABI and GABI 1 to 4.
Publicación electrónica de la Asociación Paleontológica Argentina., 2023
Resumen. A partir de la última década del siglo XX, siguiendo la tendencia mundial al desarrollo ... more Resumen. A partir de la última década del siglo XX, siguiendo la tendencia mundial al desarrollo de esquemas cronológicos con base bioestratigráfica, comenzaron las contribuciones de Eduardo Pedro Tonni, Alberto Luis Cione y colaboradores sobre esta temática en Argentina. Ellos propusieron para el sector oriental de la región pampeana de Argentina, una secuencia bioestratigráfica casi continua desde el Mioceno Tardío hasta el Holoceno. La misma conforma actualmente la base de la escala cronológica para el Cenozoico tardío continental de América del Sur. El refinamiento de la secuencia bioestratigráfica pampeana permitió: 1-establecer la cronología para el arribo de los mamíferos de origen holártico al extremo más austral de América del Sur durante el Gran Intercambio Biótico Americano; 2-precisar la dinámica faunística e interpretar los cambios paleobiogeográficos vinculados a las fluctuaciones climáticas del Cenozoico tardío; y 3-establecer correlaciones entre las secciones tipo de la región pampeana con áreas extra-pampeanas, incluso de otros países del continente. Resulta indiscutible la labor desarrollada durante más de 30 años de trabajo liderado por Tonni y Cione en colaboración con otros especialistas, para rever el concepto de "Edades Mamífero" y retornar a la clasificación cronoestratigráfica-geocronológica con base bioestratigráfica. En este contexto, aquí realizamos una actualización y síntesis del esquema bioestratigráfico, de su composición mastofaunística y de los principales cambios climáticos ocurridos durante el Cuaternario en la región pampeana, junto a una breve sinopsis de la carrera de E. P. Tonni y su aporte a la paleontología de vertebrados.
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Papers by Germán Gasparini