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Nicola Tommasi

Università di Verona, Cide, Faculty Member

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Research assistant at the University of Verona in Italy (C.I.D.E. - Centro Interdipartimentale di Documentazione Economica). Main research
interests are applied econometrics and statistical programming in Stata.

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Papers by Nicola Tommasi

Concomitant trauma of brain and upper cervical spine: lessons in injury patterns and outcomes

European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, May 15, 2023

Purpose The literature on concomitant traumatic brain injury (TBI) and traumatic spinal injury is... more Purpose The literature on concomitant traumatic brain injury (TBI) and traumatic spinal injury is sparse and a few, if any, studies focus on concomitant TBI and associated upper cervical injury. The objective of this study was to fill this gap and to define demographics, patterns of injury, and clinical data of this specific population. Methods Records of patients admitted at a single trauma centre with the main diagnosis of TBI and concomitant C0-C1-C2 injury (upper cervical spine) were identified and reviewed. Demographics, clinical, and radiological variables were analyzed and compared to those of patients with TBI and: (i) C3-C7 injury (lower cervical spine); (ii) any other part of the spine other than C1-C2 injury (non-upper cervical); (iii) T1-L5 injury (thoracolumbar). Results 1545 patients were admitted with TBI and an associated C1-C2 injury was found in 22 (1.4%). The mean age was 64 years, and 54.5% were females. Females had a higher rate of concomitant upper cervical injury (p = 0.046 vs non-upper cervical; p = 0.050 vs thoracolumbar). Patients with an upper cervical injury were significantly older (p = 0.034 vs lower cervical; p = 0.030 vs non-upper cervical). Patients older than 55 years old had higher odds of an upper cervical injury when compared to the other groups (OR = 2.75). The main mechanism of trauma was road accidents (RAs) (10/22; 45.5%) All pedestrian injuries occurred in the upper cervical injured group (p = 0.015). ICU length of stay was longer for patients with an upper cervical injury (p = 0.018). Four patients died in the upper cervical injury group (18.2%), and no death occurred in other comparator groups (p = 0.003). Conclusions The rate of concomitant cranial and upper cervical spine injury was 1.4%. Risk factors were female gender, age ≥ 55, and pedestrians. RAs were the most common mechanism of injury. There was an association between the upper cervical injury group and longer ICU stay as well as higher mortality rates. Increased understanding of the pattern of concomitant craniospinal injury can help guide comprehensive diagnosis, avoid missed injuries, and appropriate treatment.

Heterogeneity in prices and cost of living within a country: New evidence on the north-south divide in Italy

Economic Modelling, Sep 1, 2023

A Contingent Valuation Method Incorporating Fairness and Citizen Participation

RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2006

This multidisciplinary work explores ways of making environmental policy decisions in managing pu... more This multidisciplinary work explores ways of making environmental policy decisions in managing public goods and natural parks with the goal of maximizing economic benefits to society. The contributors to the volume seek the best strategies for improving the environmental sustainability and quality of a public resource by showing how to develop quantitative information about the natural area and how it interacts with the economy. Such an analysis can be used to define policies that encourage interactions among institutions, local economic agents and park users. At the same time, it provides a measure to account for the implications of those policies on the local economy.

Travel Cost Estimation Conditional on Leisure Consumption

RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2006

This multidisciplinary work explores ways of making environmental policy decisions in managing pu... more This multidisciplinary work explores ways of making environmental policy decisions in managing public goods and natural parks with the goal of maximizing economic benefits to society. The contributors to the volume seek the best strategies for improving the environmental sustainability and quality of a public resource by showing how to develop quantitative information about the natural area and how it interacts with the economy. Such an analysis can be used to define policies that encourage interactions among institutions, local economic agents and park users. At the same time, it provides a measure to account for the implications of those policies on the local economy.

Un'analisi sulla desiderabilità dell'intervento pubblico: il caso della gestione delle aree naturali demaniali in Valtellina e Valcamonica

Un’analisi sulla desiderabilità dell’intervento pubblico: il caso della gestione delle aree natur... more Un’analisi sulla desiderabilità dell’intervento pubblico: il caso della gestione delle aree naturali demaniali in Valtellina e Valcamonica (di Federico C. Perali, Nicola Tommasi e Angelo Zago) - ABSTRACT: Il presente lavoro si inserisce in un progetto di ricerca, commissionato dall’Azienda regionale delle foreste della Lombardia, per la valutazione economica di alcune aree naturali nei comprensori della Valtellina e della Valcamonica, e svolto in collaborazione con il Club di economia applicata.

Does pregnancy have an influence on otosclerosis?

Journal of Laryngology and Otology, Nov 25, 2021

ObjectiveOtosclerosis affects women twice as often as men, especially during fertile age. A role ... more ObjectiveOtosclerosis affects women twice as often as men, especially during fertile age. A role of female hormones has been claimed, but controversy still exists regarding the influence of pregnancy. The purpose of this research was to analyse the role of pregnancy on the course of otosclerosis.MethodPubMed was searched in May 2019 using the terms ‘otosclerosis AND pregnancy’, ‘otosclerosis AND pregnant’, ‘otosclerosis AND parous’, ‘otosclerosis AND parity’, and ‘otosclerosis AND puerperium’. Age at diagnosis, number of pregnancies and the temporal relationship of the disease with childbearing were considered.ResultsFrom 65 articles, 11 were chosen for review. They described 2323 women affected by otosclerosis: 1805 had at least 1 pregnancy, while 518 did not. During childbearing, otosclerosis began in 1 per cent of pregnant women, worsened in 21 per cent and worsened during puerperium in 4 per cent. Often, the authors reported hearing change with pregnancy without details, so a further group has been considered composed of women belonging to any of the groups just mentioned or to another group of women not further characterised. Overall, hearing change occurred during pregnancy in 44 per cent. A statistically significant correlation emerged between hearing change and number of pregnancies (p = 0.003).ConclusionBecause of wide data heterogeneity and the difficulty in analysing a single factor, absolute statements could not be formulated. According to this review, pregnancy seems to have a worsening effect on the course of otosclerosis.

Surgical Management of Adverse Radiation Effects After Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations: A Population-Based Cohort Study

World Neurosurgery, Jun 1, 2018

Objective. The goal of this study is to report our experience in the surgical treatment of cAVMs ... more Objective. The goal of this study is to report our experience in the surgical treatment of cAVMs related permanent symptomatic adverse radiation effects (PSARE), in order to clarify an appropriate surgical management and identify the risk factors related to their development. Methods. We evaluated a total of 549 patients treated with Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for cAVMs with a follow-up of at least 8 years. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to test different risk factors related to the development of PSARE. We retrospectively reviewed the records of these patients to analyze the clinical outcome. Results. Fourteen patients (2.5%) developed PSARE and were submitted to surgery. Higher average treated volume represents a significant risk factors for the development of PSARE (p<0.05); on the other hand, older age and higher average dose reduce the risk of PSARE (p<0.05). A favorable clinical outcome was achieved in 13 patients (93%) after surgery; in one patient, the unfavorable outcome was due to hemorrhage that occurred months after GKRS. Serial MRI scans following either surgical removal of the nodule or Ommaya reservoir positioning showed progressive reduction of brain edema in all cases. Conclusions. The management of PSARE is controversial, especially for cAVMs treated with SRS. Surgical removal is rarely needed, but-if unavoidable-it can be a valuable option in experienced hands. A careful preoperative planning is always necessary in order to detect pathological blood flow through the PSARE.

Concomitant upper cervical spine trauma in Traumatic Brain Injury: lessons from an institutional case series

Brain and spine, 2022

The Tale of the Two Italies: Regional Price Parities Accounting for Differences in the Quality of Services

RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2021

This study estimates regional price parities (RPP) in Italy based on household budget data and es... more This study estimates regional price parities (RPP) in Italy based on household budget data and estimated "pseudo" unit values to compare living standards across Italian regions. The simultaneous consideration of spatial variation in prices and in quality of services between regions is a distinctive feature of this study. The average difference in the "true" cost of living between North and South is about 30-40 percent depending on the regions selected for comparison. Such a divide in Italy in cost of living and in market efficiency, probably one of the highest differentials in the world, is the traditional incipit of the tale of the two Italies. The study goes deep into the narrative by further investigating the policy conundrum asking why Italians, and dependent workers in particular, do not migrate towards the South given the much lower cost of living there. The answer, which take us closer to the end of the tale, lies partly in the superior quality of services in the North and partly in the severe restriction on job opportunities, especially for the female earner in the household, in the South. The paper makes a methodological contribution by proposing a quality adjustment procedure to spatial price calculations whose appeal extends beyond Italy to the international context of crosscountry PPP calculations.

Heterogeneity in prices and cost of living within a country: New evidence on the north-south divide in Italy

Economic Modelling

Ten-year follow-up of auditory brainstem implants: From intra-operative electrical auditory brainstem responses to perceptual results

PLOS ONE

The auditory brainstem implant (ABI) can provide hearing sensation to individuals where the audit... more The auditory brainstem implant (ABI) can provide hearing sensation to individuals where the auditory nerve is damaged. However, patient outcomes with the ABI are typically much poorer than those for cochlear implant recipients. A major limitation to ABI outcomes is the number of implanted electrodes that can produce auditory responses to electric stimulation. One of the greatest challenges in ABI surgery is the intraoperative positioning of the electrode paddle, which must fit snugly within the cochlear nucleus complex. While there presently is no optimal procedure for intraoperative electrode positioning, intraoperative assessments may provide useful information regarding viable electrodes that may be included in patients’ clinical speech processors. Currently, there is limited knowledge regarding the relationship between intraoperative data and post-operative outcomes. Furthermore, the relationship between initial ABI stimulation with and long-term perceptual outcomes is unknown. ...

Ten-year follow-up of auditory brainstem implants: From intra-operative electrical auditory brainstem responses to perceptual results

by Sheila Veronese and Nicola Tommasi

The auditory brainstem implant (ABI) can provide hearing sensation to individuals where the audit... more The auditory brainstem implant (ABI) can provide hearing sensation to individuals where the auditory nerve is damaged. However, patient outcomes with the ABI are typically much poorer than those for cochlear implant recipients. A major limitation to ABI outcomes is the number of implanted electrodes that can produce auditory responses to electric stimulation. One of the greatest challenges in ABI surgery is the intraoperative positioning of the electrode paddle, which must fit snugly within the cochlear nucleus complex. While there presently is no optimal procedure for intraoperative electrode positioning, intraoperative assessments may provide useful information regarding viable electrodes that may be included in patients' clinical speech processors. Currently, there is limited knowledge regarding the relationship between intraoperative data and post-operative outcomes. Furthermore, the relationship between initial ABI stimulation with and long-term perceptual outcomes is unknown. In this retrospective study, we reviewed intraoperative electrophysiological data from 24 ABI patients (16 adults and 8 children) obtained with two stimulation approaches that differed in terms of neural recruitment. The interoperative electrophysiological recordings were used to estimate the number of viable electrodes and were compared to the number of activated electrodes at initial clinical fitting. Regardless of the stimulation approach, the intraoperative estimate of viable electrodes greatly overestimated the number of active electrodes in the clinical map. The number of active electrodes was associated with long-term perceptual outcomes. Among patients with 10-year followup, at least 11/21 active electrodes were needed to support good word detection and closed-set recognition and 14/21 electrodes to support good open-set word and sentence recognition. Perceptual outcomes were better for children than for adults, despite a lower number of active electrodes.

I conti Generazionali Familiari (FGA): aspetti dinamici

L\u2019obiettivo di questo lavoro \ue8 duplice: identificare le variabili socio-economiche che in... more L\u2019obiettivo di questo lavoro \ue8 duplice: identificare le variabili socio-economiche che influenzano la probabilit\ue0 di separarsi per le coppie italiane e valutare gli effetti prodotti da tale evento sui rapporti finanziari stato-famiglie. Per quanto riguarda il primo obiettivo, l\u2019analisi econometrica, basata sull'indagine campionaria European Community Household Panel per il periodo 1994-2001, mostra che le variabili che risultano statisticamente significative sono: l\u2019area geografica di residenza della famiglia (risiedere al Sud riduce la probabilit\ue0 di separarsi), il livello di istruzione dell\u2019uomo (essere laureati aumenta la probabilit\ue0 di separarsi), la condizione professionale, in particolare la presenza nella coppia di un lavoratore autonomo aumenta il rischio di separazione, mentre la presenza di una donna non lavoratrice lo riduce; la propriet\ue0 di una seconda casa ha un effetto positivo sulla probabilit\ue0 di separarsi, infine una percezione positiva circa la propria situazione finanziaria riduce il rischio di rottura della coppia, come anche la convivenza giornaliera. Non risultano invece statisticamente significative l\u2019et\ue0 dell\u2019uomo e della donna, il reddito familiare e il numero di figli. Per l\u2019analisi degli effetti dell\u2019instabilit\ue0 finanziaria sui rapporti finanziari stato-famiglie, si sono utilizzati i "Conti generazionali familiari", un ricco database contenente informazioni sulla totalit\ue0 dei rapporti dare e avere tra Pubblica Amministrazione e 144 tipologie di coppie, classificate in base al titolo di studio (laurea o non laurea), allo status occupazionale (autonomo, dipendente, non occupato) e al numero di figli (0, 1, 2, 3+). La metodologia della contabilit\ue0 generazionale applicata alle famiglie consente di calcolare il valore attuale delle imposte nette che le famiglie pagheranno (o riceveranno) in media nel corso della loro vita. E\u2019 stata calcolata la probabilit\ue0 di separazione per tutti i nuclei familiari utilizzando le stime ottenute nella prima parte del lavoro e poi si \ue8 proceduto ad introdurre nell\u2019arco di esistenza di una specifica tipologia familiare l\u2019evento separazione e se ne \ue8 valutato l\u2019effetto sull\u2019indicatore definito \u201cnet tax\u201d. Ad esempio, ipotizzando il verificarsi dell'evento separazione per una coppia composta da una donna non lavoratrice-non laureata e un uomo non laureato-lavoratore dipendente con due figli a carico, \ue8 stato posto a confronto il valore attuale dell'imposta netta (net tax) di questa famiglia nel caso in cui non si fosse sciolta con il valore attuale dell'imposta netta calcolato tenendo conto della separazione. Ci\uf2 che emerge \ue8 che l'evento separazione non \ue8 neutrale nel determinare il saldo dei rapporti dare-avere con la Pubblica Amministrazione. Nel caso in esame, lo scioglimento del nucleo familiare determina una variazione del net tax di circa 30.000 euro: il valore attuale se fossero rimasti sempre insieme sarebbe stato pari a -7.467 euro, con la separazione tale valore diventa 19.815,32

(online) The Stata Journal (yyyy) vv, Number ii

This paper presents the Stata command pseudounit that estimates Pseudo Unit Values in cross-secti... more This paper presents the Stata command pseudounit that estimates Pseudo Unit Values in cross-sections of household expenditure surveys without quantity information. Household surveys traditionally record expenditure information only. The lack of information about quantities purchased precludes the possibility of deriving household specific unit values. We use a theoretical result developed by Lewbel (1989) to construct "pseudo" unit values by first reproducing cross-sectional price variation, and then adding this variability to the aggregate price indexes published by national statistical institutes. We illustrate the method with an example that uses a time-series of cross-sections of Italian household budgets .

Convertire l'output di Stata in codice html

Manuale di Stata ...ovvero una informale introduzione a Stata con l'aggiunta di casi applicati

Menon-Perali-Tommasi Una Proposta di Imputazione delle Spese Zero Presenti nell'Inchiesta sui Consumi delle Famiglie Italiane-ISTAT

Uso di dest_com. Comando per convertire una variabile stringa con i nomi dei comuni italiani in una variabile numerica con i corrispettivi codici ISTAT

Documento prodotto con Stata usando il pacchetto texdoc 1 .

Cauda equina ependymomas: surgical treatment and long-term outcomes in a series of 125 patients

Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine, 2021

OBJECTIVE Cauda equina ependymoma (CEE) is a rare tumor for which little information is available... more OBJECTIVE Cauda equina ependymoma (CEE) is a rare tumor for which little information is available on the oncological and clinical outcomes of patients. In this study the authors aimed to address functional, oncological, and quality-of-life (QOL) outcomes in a large series of consecutive patients operated on at their institution during the past 20 years. METHODS The records of 125 patients who underwent surgery between January 1998 and September 2018 were reviewed. Analyzed variables included demographic, clinical, radiological, surgical, and histopathological features. Neurological outcomes were graded according to the McCormick and Kesselring scales. The QOL at follow-up was evaluated by administering the EQ-5DL questionnaire. RESULTS On admission, 84% of patients had a McCormick grade of I and 76.8% had a Kesselring score of 0. At follow-up (clinical 8.13 years; radiological 5.87 years) most scores were unchanged. Sacral level involvement (p = 0.029) and tumor size (p = 0.002) wer...

Estimation of Unit Values in Household Expenditure Surveys without Quantity Information

The Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata, 2017

Concomitant trauma of brain and upper cervical spine: lessons in injury patterns and outcomes

European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, May 15, 2023

Purpose The literature on concomitant traumatic brain injury (TBI) and traumatic spinal injury is... more Purpose The literature on concomitant traumatic brain injury (TBI) and traumatic spinal injury is sparse and a few, if any, studies focus on concomitant TBI and associated upper cervical injury. The objective of this study was to fill this gap and to define demographics, patterns of injury, and clinical data of this specific population. Methods Records of patients admitted at a single trauma centre with the main diagnosis of TBI and concomitant C0-C1-C2 injury (upper cervical spine) were identified and reviewed. Demographics, clinical, and radiological variables were analyzed and compared to those of patients with TBI and: (i) C3-C7 injury (lower cervical spine); (ii) any other part of the spine other than C1-C2 injury (non-upper cervical); (iii) T1-L5 injury (thoracolumbar). Results 1545 patients were admitted with TBI and an associated C1-C2 injury was found in 22 (1.4%). The mean age was 64 years, and 54.5% were females. Females had a higher rate of concomitant upper cervical injury (p = 0.046 vs non-upper cervical; p = 0.050 vs thoracolumbar). Patients with an upper cervical injury were significantly older (p = 0.034 vs lower cervical; p = 0.030 vs non-upper cervical). Patients older than 55 years old had higher odds of an upper cervical injury when compared to the other groups (OR = 2.75). The main mechanism of trauma was road accidents (RAs) (10/22; 45.5%) All pedestrian injuries occurred in the upper cervical injured group (p = 0.015). ICU length of stay was longer for patients with an upper cervical injury (p = 0.018). Four patients died in the upper cervical injury group (18.2%), and no death occurred in other comparator groups (p = 0.003). Conclusions The rate of concomitant cranial and upper cervical spine injury was 1.4%. Risk factors were female gender, age ≥ 55, and pedestrians. RAs were the most common mechanism of injury. There was an association between the upper cervical injury group and longer ICU stay as well as higher mortality rates. Increased understanding of the pattern of concomitant craniospinal injury can help guide comprehensive diagnosis, avoid missed injuries, and appropriate treatment.

Heterogeneity in prices and cost of living within a country: New evidence on the north-south divide in Italy

Economic Modelling, Sep 1, 2023

A Contingent Valuation Method Incorporating Fairness and Citizen Participation

RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2006

This multidisciplinary work explores ways of making environmental policy decisions in managing pu... more This multidisciplinary work explores ways of making environmental policy decisions in managing public goods and natural parks with the goal of maximizing economic benefits to society. The contributors to the volume seek the best strategies for improving the environmental sustainability and quality of a public resource by showing how to develop quantitative information about the natural area and how it interacts with the economy. Such an analysis can be used to define policies that encourage interactions among institutions, local economic agents and park users. At the same time, it provides a measure to account for the implications of those policies on the local economy.

Travel Cost Estimation Conditional on Leisure Consumption

RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2006

This multidisciplinary work explores ways of making environmental policy decisions in managing pu... more This multidisciplinary work explores ways of making environmental policy decisions in managing public goods and natural parks with the goal of maximizing economic benefits to society. The contributors to the volume seek the best strategies for improving the environmental sustainability and quality of a public resource by showing how to develop quantitative information about the natural area and how it interacts with the economy. Such an analysis can be used to define policies that encourage interactions among institutions, local economic agents and park users. At the same time, it provides a measure to account for the implications of those policies on the local economy.

Un'analisi sulla desiderabilità dell'intervento pubblico: il caso della gestione delle aree naturali demaniali in Valtellina e Valcamonica

Un’analisi sulla desiderabilità dell’intervento pubblico: il caso della gestione delle aree natur... more Un’analisi sulla desiderabilità dell’intervento pubblico: il caso della gestione delle aree naturali demaniali in Valtellina e Valcamonica (di Federico C. Perali, Nicola Tommasi e Angelo Zago) - ABSTRACT: Il presente lavoro si inserisce in un progetto di ricerca, commissionato dall’Azienda regionale delle foreste della Lombardia, per la valutazione economica di alcune aree naturali nei comprensori della Valtellina e della Valcamonica, e svolto in collaborazione con il Club di economia applicata.

Does pregnancy have an influence on otosclerosis?

Journal of Laryngology and Otology, Nov 25, 2021

ObjectiveOtosclerosis affects women twice as often as men, especially during fertile age. A role ... more ObjectiveOtosclerosis affects women twice as often as men, especially during fertile age. A role of female hormones has been claimed, but controversy still exists regarding the influence of pregnancy. The purpose of this research was to analyse the role of pregnancy on the course of otosclerosis.MethodPubMed was searched in May 2019 using the terms ‘otosclerosis AND pregnancy’, ‘otosclerosis AND pregnant’, ‘otosclerosis AND parous’, ‘otosclerosis AND parity’, and ‘otosclerosis AND puerperium’. Age at diagnosis, number of pregnancies and the temporal relationship of the disease with childbearing were considered.ResultsFrom 65 articles, 11 were chosen for review. They described 2323 women affected by otosclerosis: 1805 had at least 1 pregnancy, while 518 did not. During childbearing, otosclerosis began in 1 per cent of pregnant women, worsened in 21 per cent and worsened during puerperium in 4 per cent. Often, the authors reported hearing change with pregnancy without details, so a further group has been considered composed of women belonging to any of the groups just mentioned or to another group of women not further characterised. Overall, hearing change occurred during pregnancy in 44 per cent. A statistically significant correlation emerged between hearing change and number of pregnancies (p = 0.003).ConclusionBecause of wide data heterogeneity and the difficulty in analysing a single factor, absolute statements could not be formulated. According to this review, pregnancy seems to have a worsening effect on the course of otosclerosis.

Surgical Management of Adverse Radiation Effects After Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations: A Population-Based Cohort Study

World Neurosurgery, Jun 1, 2018

Objective. The goal of this study is to report our experience in the surgical treatment of cAVMs ... more Objective. The goal of this study is to report our experience in the surgical treatment of cAVMs related permanent symptomatic adverse radiation effects (PSARE), in order to clarify an appropriate surgical management and identify the risk factors related to their development. Methods. We evaluated a total of 549 patients treated with Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for cAVMs with a follow-up of at least 8 years. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to test different risk factors related to the development of PSARE. We retrospectively reviewed the records of these patients to analyze the clinical outcome. Results. Fourteen patients (2.5%) developed PSARE and were submitted to surgery. Higher average treated volume represents a significant risk factors for the development of PSARE (p<0.05); on the other hand, older age and higher average dose reduce the risk of PSARE (p<0.05). A favorable clinical outcome was achieved in 13 patients (93%) after surgery; in one patient, the unfavorable outcome was due to hemorrhage that occurred months after GKRS. Serial MRI scans following either surgical removal of the nodule or Ommaya reservoir positioning showed progressive reduction of brain edema in all cases. Conclusions. The management of PSARE is controversial, especially for cAVMs treated with SRS. Surgical removal is rarely needed, but-if unavoidable-it can be a valuable option in experienced hands. A careful preoperative planning is always necessary in order to detect pathological blood flow through the PSARE.

Concomitant upper cervical spine trauma in Traumatic Brain Injury: lessons from an institutional case series

Brain and spine, 2022

The Tale of the Two Italies: Regional Price Parities Accounting for Differences in the Quality of Services

RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2021

This study estimates regional price parities (RPP) in Italy based on household budget data and es... more This study estimates regional price parities (RPP) in Italy based on household budget data and estimated "pseudo" unit values to compare living standards across Italian regions. The simultaneous consideration of spatial variation in prices and in quality of services between regions is a distinctive feature of this study. The average difference in the "true" cost of living between North and South is about 30-40 percent depending on the regions selected for comparison. Such a divide in Italy in cost of living and in market efficiency, probably one of the highest differentials in the world, is the traditional incipit of the tale of the two Italies. The study goes deep into the narrative by further investigating the policy conundrum asking why Italians, and dependent workers in particular, do not migrate towards the South given the much lower cost of living there. The answer, which take us closer to the end of the tale, lies partly in the superior quality of services in the North and partly in the severe restriction on job opportunities, especially for the female earner in the household, in the South. The paper makes a methodological contribution by proposing a quality adjustment procedure to spatial price calculations whose appeal extends beyond Italy to the international context of crosscountry PPP calculations.

Heterogeneity in prices and cost of living within a country: New evidence on the north-south divide in Italy

Economic Modelling

Ten-year follow-up of auditory brainstem implants: From intra-operative electrical auditory brainstem responses to perceptual results

PLOS ONE

The auditory brainstem implant (ABI) can provide hearing sensation to individuals where the audit... more The auditory brainstem implant (ABI) can provide hearing sensation to individuals where the auditory nerve is damaged. However, patient outcomes with the ABI are typically much poorer than those for cochlear implant recipients. A major limitation to ABI outcomes is the number of implanted electrodes that can produce auditory responses to electric stimulation. One of the greatest challenges in ABI surgery is the intraoperative positioning of the electrode paddle, which must fit snugly within the cochlear nucleus complex. While there presently is no optimal procedure for intraoperative electrode positioning, intraoperative assessments may provide useful information regarding viable electrodes that may be included in patients’ clinical speech processors. Currently, there is limited knowledge regarding the relationship between intraoperative data and post-operative outcomes. Furthermore, the relationship between initial ABI stimulation with and long-term perceptual outcomes is unknown. ...

Ten-year follow-up of auditory brainstem implants: From intra-operative electrical auditory brainstem responses to perceptual results

by Sheila Veronese and Nicola Tommasi

The auditory brainstem implant (ABI) can provide hearing sensation to individuals where the audit... more The auditory brainstem implant (ABI) can provide hearing sensation to individuals where the auditory nerve is damaged. However, patient outcomes with the ABI are typically much poorer than those for cochlear implant recipients. A major limitation to ABI outcomes is the number of implanted electrodes that can produce auditory responses to electric stimulation. One of the greatest challenges in ABI surgery is the intraoperative positioning of the electrode paddle, which must fit snugly within the cochlear nucleus complex. While there presently is no optimal procedure for intraoperative electrode positioning, intraoperative assessments may provide useful information regarding viable electrodes that may be included in patients' clinical speech processors. Currently, there is limited knowledge regarding the relationship between intraoperative data and post-operative outcomes. Furthermore, the relationship between initial ABI stimulation with and long-term perceptual outcomes is unknown. In this retrospective study, we reviewed intraoperative electrophysiological data from 24 ABI patients (16 adults and 8 children) obtained with two stimulation approaches that differed in terms of neural recruitment. The interoperative electrophysiological recordings were used to estimate the number of viable electrodes and were compared to the number of activated electrodes at initial clinical fitting. Regardless of the stimulation approach, the intraoperative estimate of viable electrodes greatly overestimated the number of active electrodes in the clinical map. The number of active electrodes was associated with long-term perceptual outcomes. Among patients with 10-year followup, at least 11/21 active electrodes were needed to support good word detection and closed-set recognition and 14/21 electrodes to support good open-set word and sentence recognition. Perceptual outcomes were better for children than for adults, despite a lower number of active electrodes.

I conti Generazionali Familiari (FGA): aspetti dinamici

L\u2019obiettivo di questo lavoro \ue8 duplice: identificare le variabili socio-economiche che in... more L\u2019obiettivo di questo lavoro \ue8 duplice: identificare le variabili socio-economiche che influenzano la probabilit\ue0 di separarsi per le coppie italiane e valutare gli effetti prodotti da tale evento sui rapporti finanziari stato-famiglie. Per quanto riguarda il primo obiettivo, l\u2019analisi econometrica, basata sull'indagine campionaria European Community Household Panel per il periodo 1994-2001, mostra che le variabili che risultano statisticamente significative sono: l\u2019area geografica di residenza della famiglia (risiedere al Sud riduce la probabilit\ue0 di separarsi), il livello di istruzione dell\u2019uomo (essere laureati aumenta la probabilit\ue0 di separarsi), la condizione professionale, in particolare la presenza nella coppia di un lavoratore autonomo aumenta il rischio di separazione, mentre la presenza di una donna non lavoratrice lo riduce; la propriet\ue0 di una seconda casa ha un effetto positivo sulla probabilit\ue0 di separarsi, infine una percezione positiva circa la propria situazione finanziaria riduce il rischio di rottura della coppia, come anche la convivenza giornaliera. Non risultano invece statisticamente significative l\u2019et\ue0 dell\u2019uomo e della donna, il reddito familiare e il numero di figli. Per l\u2019analisi degli effetti dell\u2019instabilit\ue0 finanziaria sui rapporti finanziari stato-famiglie, si sono utilizzati i "Conti generazionali familiari", un ricco database contenente informazioni sulla totalit\ue0 dei rapporti dare e avere tra Pubblica Amministrazione e 144 tipologie di coppie, classificate in base al titolo di studio (laurea o non laurea), allo status occupazionale (autonomo, dipendente, non occupato) e al numero di figli (0, 1, 2, 3+). La metodologia della contabilit\ue0 generazionale applicata alle famiglie consente di calcolare il valore attuale delle imposte nette che le famiglie pagheranno (o riceveranno) in media nel corso della loro vita. E\u2019 stata calcolata la probabilit\ue0 di separazione per tutti i nuclei familiari utilizzando le stime ottenute nella prima parte del lavoro e poi si \ue8 proceduto ad introdurre nell\u2019arco di esistenza di una specifica tipologia familiare l\u2019evento separazione e se ne \ue8 valutato l\u2019effetto sull\u2019indicatore definito \u201cnet tax\u201d. Ad esempio, ipotizzando il verificarsi dell'evento separazione per una coppia composta da una donna non lavoratrice-non laureata e un uomo non laureato-lavoratore dipendente con due figli a carico, \ue8 stato posto a confronto il valore attuale dell'imposta netta (net tax) di questa famiglia nel caso in cui non si fosse sciolta con il valore attuale dell'imposta netta calcolato tenendo conto della separazione. Ci\uf2 che emerge \ue8 che l'evento separazione non \ue8 neutrale nel determinare il saldo dei rapporti dare-avere con la Pubblica Amministrazione. Nel caso in esame, lo scioglimento del nucleo familiare determina una variazione del net tax di circa 30.000 euro: il valore attuale se fossero rimasti sempre insieme sarebbe stato pari a -7.467 euro, con la separazione tale valore diventa 19.815,32

(online) The Stata Journal (yyyy) vv, Number ii

This paper presents the Stata command pseudounit that estimates Pseudo Unit Values in cross-secti... more This paper presents the Stata command pseudounit that estimates Pseudo Unit Values in cross-sections of household expenditure surveys without quantity information. Household surveys traditionally record expenditure information only. The lack of information about quantities purchased precludes the possibility of deriving household specific unit values. We use a theoretical result developed by Lewbel (1989) to construct "pseudo" unit values by first reproducing cross-sectional price variation, and then adding this variability to the aggregate price indexes published by national statistical institutes. We illustrate the method with an example that uses a time-series of cross-sections of Italian household budgets .

Convertire l'output di Stata in codice html

Manuale di Stata ...ovvero una informale introduzione a Stata con l'aggiunta di casi applicati

Menon-Perali-Tommasi Una Proposta di Imputazione delle Spese Zero Presenti nell'Inchiesta sui Consumi delle Famiglie Italiane-ISTAT

Uso di dest_com. Comando per convertire una variabile stringa con i nomi dei comuni italiani in una variabile numerica con i corrispettivi codici ISTAT

Documento prodotto con Stata usando il pacchetto texdoc 1 .

Cauda equina ependymomas: surgical treatment and long-term outcomes in a series of 125 patients

Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine, 2021

OBJECTIVE Cauda equina ependymoma (CEE) is a rare tumor for which little information is available... more OBJECTIVE Cauda equina ependymoma (CEE) is a rare tumor for which little information is available on the oncological and clinical outcomes of patients. In this study the authors aimed to address functional, oncological, and quality-of-life (QOL) outcomes in a large series of consecutive patients operated on at their institution during the past 20 years. METHODS The records of 125 patients who underwent surgery between January 1998 and September 2018 were reviewed. Analyzed variables included demographic, clinical, radiological, surgical, and histopathological features. Neurological outcomes were graded according to the McCormick and Kesselring scales. The QOL at follow-up was evaluated by administering the EQ-5DL questionnaire. RESULTS On admission, 84% of patients had a McCormick grade of I and 76.8% had a Kesselring score of 0. At follow-up (clinical 8.13 years; radiological 5.87 years) most scores were unchanged. Sacral level involvement (p = 0.029) and tumor size (p = 0.002) wer...

Estimation of Unit Values in Household Expenditure Surveys without Quantity Information

The Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata, 2017

Codici CAP dei comuni italiani

Costruire un database con i codici CAP per ciascun comune italiano

GEOLOCALIZZAZIONE IN Stata

Alcuni comandi in Stata per la geolocalizzazione e una procedura che ottimizza la costruzione del... more

Uso di dest_prov

Come convertire i nomi delle provincie italiane in una variabile numerica con i corrispettivi cod... more

Importare Dati da AIDA a Stata

Questa breve guida ha lo scopo di aiutare quanti esportano dati da Aida per una successiva elabor... more

Nicola Tommasi, 2023

Package to import some Bloomberg data exported via Excel

Stata package to import EUROSTAT databases

Stata package to import EUROSTAT databases

Esportare l'output di tabstat in Microsoft Excel e in LATEX: i comandi tabstatxls e tabstattex

Lo scopo dei nuovi comandi tabstatxls e tabstattex è l’esportazione dell’output del comando tabst... more Lo scopo dei nuovi comandi tabstatxls e tabstattex è l’esportazione dell’output del comando tabstat in Excel e in LATEX. Si tenga presente che tabstat può considerarsi anche un sostituto del comando summarize. Per quanto possibile ho cercato riprodurre la sintassi del comando Stata tralasciando quelle opzioni che non sono riuscito a riprogrammare o che non hanno nessuna attinenza con l’output.

Esportare l'output di fre in Microsoft Excel e in LATEX: i comandi frexls e fretex

Uso di dest_com

Come convertire i nomi dei comuni italiani nel corrispettivo codice ISTAT