Pefela Gildas Nyugha (Ph.D.)
PEFELA Gildas NYUGHA is a refined Jurist, a legal, a legal guru and a highly qualified professional with a wealth of expertise in the field of legal studies, and a trained Magistrate from the National School of Administration and Magistracy, – Cameroon. He holds a PhD/ Doctorate Degree in Law and a Master’s Degree in International Trade and Investment Law in Africa, alongside several diplomas in International Business Corporate Law. He is a seasoned researcher and Author of many scientific publications - both books and journal articles. He is also a Public speaker, Youth leader and social activist, a Human Rights expert, especially in the protection of the rights of the vulnerable. He is also a guru in corporate law & corporate governance. He is a Lecturer at Institut Superieur JIMIT / JIMIT Higher Institute – Yaoundé, Institut Superieur des Science de L’entreprise (ISSE) Yaoundé, SIANTOU University, Pan African Institute for Development -West Africa, Heritage Higher Institute of Peace and Development Studies (HEHIPEDS), etc. His extensive education and practical experience have equipped him with a deep understanding of various legal issues, making him a valuable asset to the judicial landscape in Cameroon and beyond.
PEFELA is an Alumni of the YALI RLC West Africa - Cohort 42, founder and Executive Director of the Center for Scientific Research, Human Rights & Development – CENSREHURD, a Non Partisan nonprofit Organization having as its objectives to Promote Scientific Research, Peace, and Human Rights development. It has a particular interest in orphans, underprivileged children, and vulnerable people, especially people with disabilities, and increases their social inclusion through capacity building, inclusion projects, participation, and involvement in Development in Cameroon and Africa.
He is the Founding President of the Legal Gurus Association (LE.G.A) – Cameroon’s leading and most prestigious club of young jurists and law professionals - an association that has stood the test of time and trained many young masters and Ph.D. graduates in Cameroon and beyond, a think tank association made up of Cameroon's finest law researchers.
Dr. PEFELA is also the Founder of the Royal Educational Solidarity Scholarship Fund, Co-Founder of BUMA Foundation, Delegate, and Coordinator at the Cameroon National Youth Council for Balikumbat, National Youth Coordinator for Balikumbat Youths, Founder of Balikumbat Sub-Divisional Youths Association, etc. PEFELA is an E-Volunteer Patriot to fight against hate speech and xenophobic practices under The Ministry of Youth Affairs and Civic Education (MINJEC) since 2023.
Dr. PEFELA has received several National and International Awards in the domain of leadership and community development.
His research interests are Company Law (OHADA & English Law), Human Rights, International Trade, Criminal Law/Procedure, Insurance Law, Corporate Governance, Common Law, Environmental Law, Medical Law, etc.
Supervisors: Professor Simon TABE TABE, senior Professor of Law, University of Dschang, Cameroon., Honourable BANMI Emmanuel DINGHA, and Member of Parliament at the Cameroon National Assembly.
Phone: +(237) 679680463
Address: Yaoundé - Obili
PEFELA is an Alumni of the YALI RLC West Africa - Cohort 42, founder and Executive Director of the Center for Scientific Research, Human Rights & Development – CENSREHURD, a Non Partisan nonprofit Organization having as its objectives to Promote Scientific Research, Peace, and Human Rights development. It has a particular interest in orphans, underprivileged children, and vulnerable people, especially people with disabilities, and increases their social inclusion through capacity building, inclusion projects, participation, and involvement in Development in Cameroon and Africa.
He is the Founding President of the Legal Gurus Association (LE.G.A) – Cameroon’s leading and most prestigious club of young jurists and law professionals - an association that has stood the test of time and trained many young masters and Ph.D. graduates in Cameroon and beyond, a think tank association made up of Cameroon's finest law researchers.
Dr. PEFELA is also the Founder of the Royal Educational Solidarity Scholarship Fund, Co-Founder of BUMA Foundation, Delegate, and Coordinator at the Cameroon National Youth Council for Balikumbat, National Youth Coordinator for Balikumbat Youths, Founder of Balikumbat Sub-Divisional Youths Association, etc. PEFELA is an E-Volunteer Patriot to fight against hate speech and xenophobic practices under The Ministry of Youth Affairs and Civic Education (MINJEC) since 2023.
Dr. PEFELA has received several National and International Awards in the domain of leadership and community development.
His research interests are Company Law (OHADA & English Law), Human Rights, International Trade, Criminal Law/Procedure, Insurance Law, Corporate Governance, Common Law, Environmental Law, Medical Law, etc.
Supervisors: Professor Simon TABE TABE, senior Professor of Law, University of Dschang, Cameroon., Honourable BANMI Emmanuel DINGHA, and Member of Parliament at the Cameroon National Assembly.
Phone: +(237) 679680463
Address: Yaoundé - Obili
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Papers by Pefela Gildas Nyugha (Ph.D.)
(OHADA) and English Laws make provisions for director’s liabilities and
institutions to enforce laws in cases of violation. In spite of this, issues related
to the liability of directors are very complicated. This is because there exist
loopholes in the laws and enforcement mechanisms are not very effective.
With this, we hold the view that even though the English Law and OHADA
Uniform Act on Commercial Companies and Economic Interest Groups have
address issues of director’s liabilities in Private Limited Companies, the
redress made are insufficient. In justifying this assertion, this research work
sets out to critically examine by way of a comparative study, how effective the
OHADA Uniform Acts and English Law handles issues of director’s liabilities
in Private Limited Companies, bringing out their compliments and
supplements. The main objective of this work is to assess and evaluate the
efficiency of English Law and OHADA Uniform Act on issues of directors’
liabilities in Private Limited Companies. To achieve this objective, we adopted
a methodology which is doctrinal consisting of primary and secondary data.
Primary data consists of the OHADA Uniform Acts, the English Company
Law and other relevant national legislations. We also interviewed some staff
members working at the OHADA Permanent Secretariat in Yaoundé.
Secondary data used is from textbooks, journals, internet etc. Our findings
reveal that though the OHADA Uniform Act on Commercial Companies and
Economic Interest Groups is innovative, there is still more to be done in clearly
establishing the liabilities of directors as well as sanctions which are more
explicit under the English Law. We, therefore, recommend inter alia that more
cohesive, explicit, and compelling provisions be adopted by OHADA
legislator so as to put directors on their guard. OHADA legislator should also
adopt a unified law that will have a general punitive sanction on member states.
(OHADA) and English Laws make provisions for director’s liabilities and
institutions to enforce laws in cases of violation. In spite of this, issues related
to the liability of directors are very complicated. This is because there exist
loopholes in the laws and enforcement mechanisms are not very effective.
With this, we hold the view that even though the English Law and OHADA
Uniform Act on Commercial Companies and Economic Interest Groups have
address issues of director’s liabilities in Private Limited Companies, the
redress made are insufficient. In justifying this assertion, this research work
sets out to critically examine by way of a comparative study, how effective the
OHADA Uniform Acts and English Law handles issues of director’s liabilities
in Private Limited Companies, bringing out their compliments and
supplements. The main objective of this work is to assess and evaluate the
efficiency of English Law and OHADA Uniform Act on issues of directors’
liabilities in Private Limited Companies. To achieve this objective, we adopted
a methodology which is doctrinal consisting of primary and secondary data.
Primary data consists of the OHADA Uniform Acts, the English Company
Law and other relevant national legislations. We also interviewed some staff
members working at the OHADA Permanent Secretariat in Yaoundé.
Secondary data used is from textbooks, journals, internet etc. Our findings
reveal that though the OHADA Uniform Act on Commercial Companies and
Economic Interest Groups is innovative, there is still more to be done in clearly
establishing the liabilities of directors as well as sanctions which are more
explicit under the English Law. We, therefore, recommend inter alia that more
cohesive, explicit, and compelling provisions be adopted by OHADA
legislator so as to put directors on their guard. OHADA legislator should also
adopt a unified law that will have a general punitive sanction on member states.
Situations around the world are not promising. The World Bank estimates that in 2022, there will be over 700 million individuals worldwide who are living in extreme poverty. The UN's most recent SDG 2023 progress report (1.3) presents a dismal picture. On almost 50% of the targets, there has been insufficient and weak development. Even worse, almost 30% of the SDG targets have seen either a standstill in development or a reversal in them. This contains important goals about hunger, poverty, and the environment. Moreover, the research finishes on a very concerning note: over half of the world is falling behind, and most of those falling behind reside, you guessed it, in the Global South.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is being positioned as a useful tool for accelerating development objectives and targets and repairing the flawed international development paradigm as the global development agenda suffers. International development organizations and regional partners have implemented innovative AI for development (AI4D) initiatives in a number of African nations, including those in Sub-Saharan Africa and West Africa. With all of the hype around artificial intelligence, this seems like a reasonable and necessary endeavor. However, the deficit model of development serves as the foundation for AI initiatives in Africa. This deficit argument highlights how the lack of human and technological capability is the direct cause of the Majority World's inability to progress.
In an effort to maximize the amount of electricity available, the Responsible AI Lab (RAIL) in Ghana (1.4) is attempting to integrate efficient energy distribution models into the system. Natural language processing (NLP) is arguably one of the most promising uses of AI in the region. Emerging start-ups using development funding programs like the Lacuna Fund are attempting to create language models for indigenous African languages like Igbo, Hausa, Yoruba, Twi, Akan, and others. These models can be integrated into further applications in fields like education and healthcare. Given the regional circumstances in the majority of African nations, the advantages of these programs and apps may be obvious.
Actually, though, large multinational corporations' CSR programs (4) and the policies of international development organizations have a significant influence on most AI development in Africa. In an effort to become future bright spots in the field of technology, these initiatives which are carried out in partnership with Big Tech and regional players like scientists and practitioners are unduly focused on developing technological solutions and local African datasets. Much time and money are being spent collecting local datasets so that machine learning models for predictive analysis can be updated based on the local context.
But how much is known about the goals and applications of these AI programs, and which social groups and communities stand to benefit from them? How will the local context respond to these technology solutions? To put it bluntly, there isn't enough deliberate interaction with the political imaginations of the various local communities in terms of their aspirations for an AI-powered technological future.
This course explores the development and implementation of international legal frameworks related to women, peace, and security. Beginning with foundational international law principles, it analyzes key policies, treaties, and conventions that shape the global WPS (Women, Peace, and Security) agenda. This includes an in-depth examination of United Nations Security Council Resolutions (UNSCRs), such as UNSCR 1325, that address the role of women in conflict prevention, peace negotiations, and post-conflict recovery. Students will critically analyze the impact of these frameworks and assess the roles of various international, regional, and non-state actors in advancing the WPS agenda. Case studies and thematic areas will be integrated to provide a comprehensive understanding of the strengths, challenges, and potential for reform within this legal framework.
Many Africans today recognize that it is their right to contribute to nation building and to promote the development of a democratic society in their countries. We have seen a sharp increase in commitment by citizens who are determined, sometimes under very challenging conditions, to participate fully in the management of public affairs. Among the principal issues in Cameroon are elections which, according to many voters or those who choose not to vote, take place under unacceptable conditions. It is for this reason that a number of measures have been put in place to ensure the management of elections in Cameroon and also to examine ways in which electoral fraud can be eradicated with a view to improves the electoral process and thus ensure free and fair elections. Electoral process should be conducted in accordance with the law and in a manner that is free, fair, participatory and thus credible. Considering the challenges the country is likely to face in the future, such a process is essential in Cameroon.
Most of the budding democracies of the Third World are still grappling with the problem of determining which election management procedures are best suited to their specific national contexts. The older democracies themselves tend to differ from one form to the other, not only in terms of the electoral systems they have put in place but also as regards the specific election management procedures they have adopted. These variations raise the question of whether the management of elections in a democratic context can be said to be governed by a set of internationally accepted norms and standards.
Despite the differences observed here and there in the practice of conducting elections over the years from one country to the next, the convergence of various democratic traditions can be said to have given rise to what may be considered the norms and standards of election management.
Even still further, what if there was contributory negligence on the part of the ship that suffered the damage? What law will govern the apportionment of fault?.
Business law aspect in Cameroon is governed by Treaty on the Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa (OHADA). On the 17th of April 1993, countries of the franc zone met in Mauritius Island and signed the treaty of Port Louise creating OHADA. This entered into force on the 19th September 1995 in countries that ratified it. Cameroon ratified the treaty by Degree No 96/177 of 5th September 1996 pursuant to law No 94/04 of 4th August 1994, authorising the President of the Republic to do so. This treaty provides for the adoption of Uniform Acts which will enable the Organization to regulate specific areas of business law in the Member States. As a matter of fact, the main objective was to harmonise business law in member states through the elaboration and adoption of simple, modern and common rules adapted to their economies by setting up appropriate judicial procedures and by encouraging arbitration for the settlement of contractual disputes. The treaty calls for the elaboration of laws known as “Uniform Acts″ that as per Article 10 of the OHADA Treaty, are directly applicable in member states notwithstanding any provision of domestic laws. OHADA laws accomplish all this while retaining simplicity compatible with an evolving legal infrastructure
The Banking Industry in Cameroon is governed by laws and regulations whose sources are listed seriatim: International Conventions, Customs Laws, Ordinances, Presidential Decrees, Ministerial Orders, Circulars and Court Decisions. These regulatory instruments are flexible in character, and can be modified depending on socio-cultural, political and economic development within Cameroon.
The Sustainable Development Goals include a specific target to “eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in the public and private spheres.” 2 A recent special series of The Lancet on addressing violence against women provides an excellent overview of the current evidence, and highlights that while growing international recognition creates opportunities for renewed government commitment, solutions will not be quick or easy.
Legislation that criminalises violence against women codifies the rights of women to live free of violence. Laws can play an important symbolic role, by indicating that such behavior is socially unacceptable. The associated sanctions may serve a deterrence function. Either or both levers may work in practice to reduce the incidence of violence. It is of course difficult to observe which is more effective, though we do have indirect evidence on both fronts. Legislation can also be responsive to victims, by providing for protection and access to support services.
This course investigates the potential and shortcomings of legislative action – and how international and national laws can interact with norms in ways that can be conducive to the reduction of the risk of violence. It is argued that there has been major progress in establishing the right of women to live free of violence in both international and national law, especially over the past decade or so, with civil society movements at the local and global levels playing a pivotal role. At the same time, there is some way to go to address the underlying norms and behaviors associated with violence.
Many Africans today recognize that it is their right to contribute to nation-building and to promote the development of a democratic society in their countries. We have seen a sharp increase in commitment by citizens who are determined, sometimes under very challenging conditions, to participate fully in the management of public affairs. Among the principal issues in Cameroon are elections which, according to many voters or those who choose not to vote, take place under unacceptable conditions. It is for this reason that several measures have been put in place to ensure the management of elections in Cameroon and also to examine ways in which electoral fraud can be eradicated to improve the electoral process and thus ensure free and fair elections. The electoral process should be conducted in accordance with the law and in a manner that is free, fair, participatory, and thus credible. Considering the challenges the country is likely to face in the future, such a process is essential in Cameroon.