Milk plays an important role in human nutrition. Nowadays, dairy industry is oriented in the prod... more Milk plays an important role in human nutrition. Nowadays, dairy industry is oriented in the production of increasing number of different milk products and technological properties of milk are gaining more and more attention. Introduction of recombinant DNA technology in the early 1970 and development of molecular genetics enabled studies of the organization of milk protein genes and mechanisms involved in their expression. Genome research in farm animals was oriented in production of low-density genetic maps with the emphasis on the genetic variation in some functionally important regions. In the public databases, 1598 cattle genes have already been mapped and partially sequenced by the end of 2003. In addition, numerous quantitative trait loci (QTL) were mapped for economically important traits. Typical examples include milk yield and milk composition in dairy cattle. The availability of genomic DNA sequences for a number of potential candidate genes with an impact on production traits allowed construction of cattle genome microarrays. Functional studies of milk protein genes revealed the impact of different genetic variants on technological properties of milk. Genomics approach thus offers an entirely new way to identify complex interactions among milk protein genes other genes involved in milk production and elucidation of the complex regulatory network allowing efficient milk production in the mammary gland.
Alternative intron splicing is a process where introns are excised from pre-mRNA following differ... more Alternative intron splicing is a process where introns are excised from pre-mRNA following different patterns. The consequence of it is a presence of several different forms of mature mRNAs differing in length and in content of the whole exons or their parts. Studies in the past decade lead to the view that a complex and extensively coupled network has evolved to coordinate the activities of gene expression pathway, which includes transcription, several pre-mRNA processing steps and the export of mature mRNA to the cytoplasm. Coupling of transcription to splicing was revealed in studies showing that transcription of pre-mRNA by different promoters can generate different alternatively spliced mRNAs. The main goal of this study was to determine the impact of different milk gene promoters on alternative splicing under in vitro conditions. Besides, we also investigated how different cell types influence the splice site selection. With this experiment, we confirmed our predictions that promoter structure and cell-type have an impact on alternative splicing. Differences were observed in quantity of transcripts, as well as in splice-site selection.
Milk plays an important role in human nutrition. Nowadays, dairy industry is oriented in the prod... more Milk plays an important role in human nutrition. Nowadays, dairy industry is oriented in the production of increasing number of different milk products and technological properties of milk are gaining more and more attention. Introduction of recombinant DNA technologz in the early 1970 and development of molecular genetics enabled studies of the organization of milk protein genes and mechanisms involved in their expression. Genome research in farm animals was oriented in production of low-density genetic maps with the emphasis on the genetic variation in some functionally important regions. In the public databases, 1598 cattle genes have already been mapped and partially sequenced by the end of 2003. In addition, numerous quantitative trait loci (QTL) were mapped for economically important traits. Typical examples include milk yield and milk composition in dairy cattle. The availability of genomic DNA sequences for a number of potential candidate genes with an impact on production t...
Milk plays an important role in human nutrition. Nowadays, dairy industry is oriented in the prod... more Milk plays an important role in human nutrition. Nowadays, dairy industry is oriented in the production of increasing number of different milk products and technological properties of milk are gaining more and more attention. Introduction of recombinant DNA technology in the early 1970 and development of molecular genetics enabled studies of the organization of milk protein genes and mechanisms involved in their expression. Genome research in farm animals was oriented in production of low-density genetic maps with the emphasis on the genetic variation in some functionally important regions. In the public databases, 1598 cattle genes have already been mapped and partially sequenced by the end of 2003. In addition, numerous quantitative trait loci (QTL) were mapped for economically important traits. Typical examples include milk yield and milk composition in dairy cattle. The availability of genomic DNA sequences for a number of potential candidate genes with an impact on production traits allowed construction of cattle genome microarrays. Functional studies of milk protein genes revealed the impact of different genetic variants on technological properties of milk. Genomics approach thus offers an entirely new way to identify complex interactions among milk protein genes other genes involved in milk production and elucidation of the complex regulatory network allowing efficient milk production in the mammary gland.
Bovine casein gene cluster belongs to the best studied regions of the bovine genome. However, mol... more Bovine casein gene cluster belongs to the best studied regions of the bovine genome. However, molecular basis of the regulation of casein gene expression is still of great interest for the advancement of milk production. Identification of crucial regulatory regions governing casein gene expression would provide valuable information for marker assisted selection in dairy cattle. In our study we performed comparative analysis of the bovine beta-and kappa casein gene promoter sequences with the regulatory sequences from some other species. In addition, we used homologous mammary gland derived cell culture and luciferase reporter gene system to confirm the functionality of the proximal beta and kappa casein promoters. The longer kappa casein promoter (2064 bp) showed the highest expression level, followed by the short kappa casein promoter (925 bp) and beta casein promoter (1692 bp). Here we demonstrate the suitability of the bovine mammary gland derived cell line BME UV1 for transient gene expression under transcriptional control of the bovine casein gene promoters and compare functionality of different fragments of bovine beta-and kappa casein gene promoters using homologous in vitro system.
Alternative intron splicing is a process where introns are excised from pre-mRNA following differ... more Alternative intron splicing is a process where introns are excised from pre-mRNA following different patterns. The consequence of it is a presence of several different forms of mature mRNAs differing in length and in content of the whole exons or their parts. Studies in the past decade lead to the view that a complex and extensively coupled network has evolved to coordinate the activities of gene expression pathway, which includes transcription, several pre-mRNA processing steps and the export of mature mRNA to the cytoplasm. Coupling of transcription to splicing was revealed in studies showing that transcription of pre-mRNA by different promoters can generate different alternatively spliced mRNAs. The main goal of this study was to determine the impact of different milk gene promoters on alternative splicing under in vitro conditions. Besides, we also investigated how different cell types influence the splice site selection. With this experiment, we confirmed our predictions that p...
Milk plays an important role in human nutrition. Nowadays, dairy industry is oriented in the prod... more Milk plays an important role in human nutrition. Nowadays, dairy industry is oriented in the production of increasing number of different milk products and technological properties of milk are gaining more and more attention. Introduction of recombinant DNA technology in the early 1970 and development of molecular genetics enabled studies of the organization of milk protein genes and mechanisms involved in their expression. Genome research in farm animals was oriented in production of low-density genetic maps with the emphasis on the genetic variation in some functionally important regions. In the public databases, 1598 cattle genes have already been mapped and partially sequenced by the end of 2003. In addition, numerous quantitative trait loci (QTL) were mapped for economically important traits. Typical examples include milk yield and milk composition in dairy cattle. The availability of genomic DNA sequences for a number of potential candidate genes with an impact on production traits allowed construction of cattle genome microarrays. Functional studies of milk protein genes revealed the impact of different genetic variants on technological properties of milk. Genomics approach thus offers an entirely new way to identify complex interactions among milk protein genes other genes involved in milk production and elucidation of the complex regulatory network allowing efficient milk production in the mammary gland.
Alternative intron splicing is a process where introns are excised from pre-mRNA following differ... more Alternative intron splicing is a process where introns are excised from pre-mRNA following different patterns. The consequence of it is a presence of several different forms of mature mRNAs differing in length and in content of the whole exons or their parts. Studies in the past decade lead to the view that a complex and extensively coupled network has evolved to coordinate the activities of gene expression pathway, which includes transcription, several pre-mRNA processing steps and the export of mature mRNA to the cytoplasm. Coupling of transcription to splicing was revealed in studies showing that transcription of pre-mRNA by different promoters can generate different alternatively spliced mRNAs. The main goal of this study was to determine the impact of different milk gene promoters on alternative splicing under in vitro conditions. Besides, we also investigated how different cell types influence the splice site selection. With this experiment, we confirmed our predictions that promoter structure and cell-type have an impact on alternative splicing. Differences were observed in quantity of transcripts, as well as in splice-site selection.
Milk plays an important role in human nutrition. Nowadays, dairy industry is oriented in the prod... more Milk plays an important role in human nutrition. Nowadays, dairy industry is oriented in the production of increasing number of different milk products and technological properties of milk are gaining more and more attention. Introduction of recombinant DNA technologz in the early 1970 and development of molecular genetics enabled studies of the organization of milk protein genes and mechanisms involved in their expression. Genome research in farm animals was oriented in production of low-density genetic maps with the emphasis on the genetic variation in some functionally important regions. In the public databases, 1598 cattle genes have already been mapped and partially sequenced by the end of 2003. In addition, numerous quantitative trait loci (QTL) were mapped for economically important traits. Typical examples include milk yield and milk composition in dairy cattle. The availability of genomic DNA sequences for a number of potential candidate genes with an impact on production t...
Milk plays an important role in human nutrition. Nowadays, dairy industry is oriented in the prod... more Milk plays an important role in human nutrition. Nowadays, dairy industry is oriented in the production of increasing number of different milk products and technological properties of milk are gaining more and more attention. Introduction of recombinant DNA technology in the early 1970 and development of molecular genetics enabled studies of the organization of milk protein genes and mechanisms involved in their expression. Genome research in farm animals was oriented in production of low-density genetic maps with the emphasis on the genetic variation in some functionally important regions. In the public databases, 1598 cattle genes have already been mapped and partially sequenced by the end of 2003. In addition, numerous quantitative trait loci (QTL) were mapped for economically important traits. Typical examples include milk yield and milk composition in dairy cattle. The availability of genomic DNA sequences for a number of potential candidate genes with an impact on production traits allowed construction of cattle genome microarrays. Functional studies of milk protein genes revealed the impact of different genetic variants on technological properties of milk. Genomics approach thus offers an entirely new way to identify complex interactions among milk protein genes other genes involved in milk production and elucidation of the complex regulatory network allowing efficient milk production in the mammary gland.
Bovine casein gene cluster belongs to the best studied regions of the bovine genome. However, mol... more Bovine casein gene cluster belongs to the best studied regions of the bovine genome. However, molecular basis of the regulation of casein gene expression is still of great interest for the advancement of milk production. Identification of crucial regulatory regions governing casein gene expression would provide valuable information for marker assisted selection in dairy cattle. In our study we performed comparative analysis of the bovine beta-and kappa casein gene promoter sequences with the regulatory sequences from some other species. In addition, we used homologous mammary gland derived cell culture and luciferase reporter gene system to confirm the functionality of the proximal beta and kappa casein promoters. The longer kappa casein promoter (2064 bp) showed the highest expression level, followed by the short kappa casein promoter (925 bp) and beta casein promoter (1692 bp). Here we demonstrate the suitability of the bovine mammary gland derived cell line BME UV1 for transient gene expression under transcriptional control of the bovine casein gene promoters and compare functionality of different fragments of bovine beta-and kappa casein gene promoters using homologous in vitro system.
Alternative intron splicing is a process where introns are excised from pre-mRNA following differ... more Alternative intron splicing is a process where introns are excised from pre-mRNA following different patterns. The consequence of it is a presence of several different forms of mature mRNAs differing in length and in content of the whole exons or their parts. Studies in the past decade lead to the view that a complex and extensively coupled network has evolved to coordinate the activities of gene expression pathway, which includes transcription, several pre-mRNA processing steps and the export of mature mRNA to the cytoplasm. Coupling of transcription to splicing was revealed in studies showing that transcription of pre-mRNA by different promoters can generate different alternatively spliced mRNAs. The main goal of this study was to determine the impact of different milk gene promoters on alternative splicing under in vitro conditions. Besides, we also investigated how different cell types influence the splice site selection. With this experiment, we confirmed our predictions that p...
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