Breast conserving surgery has been accepted as the optimal local therapy for women with early bre... more Breast conserving surgery has been accepted as the optimal local therapy for women with early breast cancer, emphasizing the necessity to balance oncologic goals with patient satisfaction and cosmetic outcomes. In the move to enhance a surgeon's ability to achieve histologically clear margins intraoperatively at the initial surgery, the MarginProbe (Dune Medical Devices, Caesarea, Israel) has emerged as an effective tool to accomplish that task. Based on previously reported success using the device, we assessed cosmesis and tissue resection volumes among participants in a randomized-controlled trial comparing the standard of care lumpectomy performed with and without the MarginProbe. The use of the MarginProbe device resulted in a 57% reduction in reexcision rates compared to the control group with a small increase in tissue volume removed at the primary lumpectomy. When total tissue volumes removed were analyzed, the device and control groups were still very similar after normalization to bra cup size. We concluded that the MarginProbe is an effective device to assist surgeons in determining margin status intraoperatively while allowing for better patient cosmetic outcomes due to the smaller volumes of tissue resected and the reduction in patient referrals for second surgeries due to positive margins.
Nota del m.e. RENZO DIONIGI (*) e SARA FONTANA (**) (Adunanza del 24 settembre 2020) SUNTO.-L'ant... more Nota del m.e. RENZO DIONIGI (*) e SARA FONTANA (**) (Adunanza del 24 settembre 2020) SUNTO.-L'antica chiesa plebana di San Pietro a Biasca, in Canton Ticino, conserva un ciclo pittorico sulla Vita di san Carlo Borromeo, commissionato dal prevosto Giovanni Basso al pittore bellinzonese Alessandro Gorla nel 1620. I dodici riquadri, completi di didascalie, che raffigurano in un ordine ideale e con un vivace linguaggio alcuni episodi della vita del Santo, possono considerarsi un unicum, un riferimento diretto della presenza di san Carlo nelle Tre Valli Ambrosiane e una testimonianza della sua azione pastorale riformatrice, attuata secondo i dettami del Concilio di Trento anche grazie alla carismatica figura del Basso. *** ABSTRACT.-The ancient church of Saint Peter in Biasca, in Canton of Ticino, preserves a pictorial cycle on the Life of St. Charles Borromeo, commissioned in 1620 by the parish priest Giovanni Basso to the painter Alessandro Gorla from Bellinzona. The twelve panels, complete with captions, which depict in an ideal order and with a lively language some episodes in the life of the Saint, can be considered an unicum, a direct reference to the presence of St. Charles in the Three Ambrosian Valleys, and a testimony of his reforming pastoral action, implemented according to the resolutions of the Council of Trent also thanks to the charismatic figure of Basso. BIASCA Nel punto in cui le Tre Valli Svizzere, dette anche Tre Valli Ambrosiane s'incontrano, e dove il fiume Ticino incrocia il suo affluente Brenno
BackgroundTo investigate the relationship between nodule size and malignancy and the correlation ... more BackgroundTo investigate the relationship between nodule size and malignancy and the correlation between the dimensional parameter and fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in patients with a nodular goiter.
Giovanni Battista Palletta, trained at the school of Bernardino Moscati,
Pietro Moscati and Giova... more Giovanni Battista Palletta, trained at the school of Bernardino Moscati, Pietro Moscati and Giovanni Alessandro Brambilla, was a highly appreciated surgeon of the Ospedale Maggiore in Milan. Many of his clinical researches made him known in the international surgical community. There is no doubt that his vast experience, his ability, the successes achieved, the innovations introduced, his trait as a man of few words, justify the opinion of most of the historians of surgery who believe his reputation to be much higher than that of his own teachers.
In questa breve rassegna si descrive la presenza in diversi gruppi scultorei lignei e in terraco... more In questa breve rassegna si descrive la presenza in diversi gruppi scultorei lignei e in terracotta del Rinascimento lombardo, di una figura del tutto inedita: la "donna mora". Gli autori ritengono che questa figura, probabilmente ideata dal De Fonduli, rappresenti un'autentica novità di singolare rilievo culturale, su cui la critica ha in genere glissato.
Vengono descritte sculture di "gitte" o "cingane" e si propongono alcune ipotesi sull'identità di queste donne singolari comparse sulla scena europea in seguito alla migrazione del popolo Rom dall'area balcanica.
Many of the representations of individuals with goiters reported in the literature actually refer... more Many of the representations of individuals with goiters reported in the literature actually refer to occasional swelling of the anterior neck, or ''pseudogoiter,'' the artists not having any plan to expose this pathology. The article describes five representations of goiters, as observed by the authors in the sculptures of the Sacred Mountains of Varallo, Orta, and Varese, Italy. They are classical and appropriate examples of the iconography of ''real goiter,'' since in these cases the sculptors had the definite aim of showing persons with goiter.
Background: Four goiter representations observed by the authors in the sculptures of the Sacred M... more Background: Four goiter representations observed by the authors in the sculptures of the Sacred Mountain of Varese, Italy, are described here. Summary: They should be regarded as a typical and proper example of the iconography of ''real goiter,'' where the artists had the definite intention to depict persons with goiter. Conclusions: Studies of representations of individuals with goiter are not that rare, even though most of the observations reported in the literature deal with images that should be considered occasional swelling of the anterior neck, ''thick neck,'' or ''pseudogoiter'' because the artists probably did not have any intention to illustrate the pathological condition.
This is a review of of the canonical figures sculptured in the Lamentations on the body of Christ... more This is a review of of the canonical figures sculptured in the Lamentations on the body of Christ. The representation of this scene of the Passion of Christ, either in wood or in terracotta, has been very common in the second part of fifteenth and early sixteenth century, mainly in Lombardy and Oriental Piedmont, Italy. Besides the eight canonical characters, in several groups is present a woman of dark complexion wearing a turban and holding a baby. Some documents and the iconography suggest this character could be a Gypsy.
To evaluate changes in lymphocyte subsets after major abdominal and thoracic operations, and to c... more To evaluate changes in lymphocyte subsets after major abdominal and thoracic operations, and to correlate changes with the development of clinically relevant infections postoperatively. Open study. University hospital, Italy. 33 patients who were to undergo major abdominal or thoracic operations. Lymphocyte subsets were measured by cytofluorimetry before operation and 1, 3, 5, and 7 days postoperatively. Correlation between changes in the number of lymphocyte subsets and development of infection. Lymphocyte subsets were within the reference range in all patients before operation. 10/33 Patients developed infections (pneumonia, bacteraemia, or wound or urinary tract infections) between the second and the ninth days postoperatively (30%). On day 1 the numbers of all lymphocyte subsets had decreased significantly compared with the preoperative measurements in all patients (CD3 p < 0.01, CD4 p < 0.001, and CD8 p < 0.05). The reduction in CD3 was significantly greater in the group that developed infections (p < 0.001). Among patients who did not develop infections the numbers of lymphocyte subsets had returned to the reference range within a week of operation whereas among patients who developed infections they remained depressed (p < 0.05). The synchronous reduction in numbers of all lymphocyte subsets on the first day postoperatively to below 50% of the reference range (CD3 to < 600/microliters, CD4 to < 400/microliters, and CD8 to < 250/microliters) predicted the development of infection postoperatively with an accuracy of 89%, a sensitivity of 80%, and a specificity of 96%.
Postoperative infections are the most frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in surgical patie... more Postoperative infections are the most frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in surgical patients, considerably increasing the duration and cost of hospitalization. During the past decade the criteria for the administration of prophylactic antibiotics have been established and their proper use has caused a significant reduction of postoperative infections. The Authors review the indications to the use of local and systemic antibiotic prophylaxis; moreover, the general principles of antibiotic prophylaxis are presented and discussed, including problems related to the choice of antibiotic, dosage, timing and duration of administration, under different clinical circumstances and in various types of surgical operations.
Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis is an uncommon but potentially lethal condition, which can l... more Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis is an uncommon but potentially lethal condition, which can lead to severe complications such as bowel obstruction, enterocutaneous fistualas and necrosis. The treatment is debated because of the high morbidity and mortality of the surgical approach. The aim of this study was to contribute to achieving a better approach to surgical treatment of sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis. This report describes an even rarer case of idiopathic sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis diagnosed intraoperatively, observed in the Insubria University Department of Surgery in Varese, Italy, where surgery was mandatory due to the sudden onset of the disease and lack of a definitive diagnosis. Temporary ileostomy and partial resection of the peritoneum were performed. At present (December 2002) the patient is alive and well. Management of sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis is controversial, but the surgical treatment should be as conservative as possible. Guidelin...
The effects of surgical trauma resulting from laparoscopic cholecystectomy and open cholecystecto... more The effects of surgical trauma resulting from laparoscopic cholecystectomy and open cholecystectomy, were compared by assessing the postoperative acute phase alterations of selected plasma proteins, hormones and lymphocyte subpopulations in fifty-seven patients prior to elective cholecystectomy. Patients were prospectively randomized to undergo either laparoscopic cholecystectomy (n = 30) or open cholecystectomy (n = 27). Duration of operation and general anesthesia was similar in the two patient groups. The laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients had a shorter postoperative stay in hospital (3.1 (0.5) days vs. 7.1 (1.6) days; p < 0.001). In open cholecystectomy patients a significantly greater postoperative acute phase increase in plasma C-reactive protein (p < 0.001), cortisol (p < 0.05), and prolactin blood level (p < 0.001) was recorded. The postoperative acute phase decrease in the blood total-T-lymphocyte count (CD3 cells) and in the activated-lymphocyte count (OKDR ...
Journal of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh
Thirteen patients underwent duodenocephalopancreatectomy (DCP) with the mechanical staplers to di... more Thirteen patients underwent duodenocephalopancreatectomy (DCP) with the mechanical staplers to divide the pancreatic neck and to secure haemostasis of the retroportal pancreatic lamina. The stapling techniques used on the pancreas are described. In nine patients with DCP the stapled distal pancreas was anastomosed to the jejunum with Roux-en-Y drainage; one pancreatic complication and no deaths were observed. In four other patients undergoing DCP who were at high risk for severely compromised general conditions, reconstruction of the digestive tract was simplified by leaving the stapled distal pancreas definitively closed: pancreatic complications were recorded in two cases, with no deaths. Mechanical staplers considerably facilitated resection of the neck of the pancreas and of the retroportal pancreatic lamina. All 13 patients who underwent DCP with the use of stapler techniques on the pancreas, including four high-risk patients, were discharged to convalesce on an oral diet after...
Breast conserving surgery has been accepted as the optimal local therapy for women with early bre... more Breast conserving surgery has been accepted as the optimal local therapy for women with early breast cancer, emphasizing the necessity to balance oncologic goals with patient satisfaction and cosmetic outcomes. In the move to enhance a surgeon's ability to achieve histologically clear margins intraoperatively at the initial surgery, the MarginProbe (Dune Medical Devices, Caesarea, Israel) has emerged as an effective tool to accomplish that task. Based on previously reported success using the device, we assessed cosmesis and tissue resection volumes among participants in a randomized-controlled trial comparing the standard of care lumpectomy performed with and without the MarginProbe. The use of the MarginProbe device resulted in a 57% reduction in reexcision rates compared to the control group with a small increase in tissue volume removed at the primary lumpectomy. When total tissue volumes removed were analyzed, the device and control groups were still very similar after normalization to bra cup size. We concluded that the MarginProbe is an effective device to assist surgeons in determining margin status intraoperatively while allowing for better patient cosmetic outcomes due to the smaller volumes of tissue resected and the reduction in patient referrals for second surgeries due to positive margins.
Nota del m.e. RENZO DIONIGI (*) e SARA FONTANA (**) (Adunanza del 24 settembre 2020) SUNTO.-L'ant... more Nota del m.e. RENZO DIONIGI (*) e SARA FONTANA (**) (Adunanza del 24 settembre 2020) SUNTO.-L'antica chiesa plebana di San Pietro a Biasca, in Canton Ticino, conserva un ciclo pittorico sulla Vita di san Carlo Borromeo, commissionato dal prevosto Giovanni Basso al pittore bellinzonese Alessandro Gorla nel 1620. I dodici riquadri, completi di didascalie, che raffigurano in un ordine ideale e con un vivace linguaggio alcuni episodi della vita del Santo, possono considerarsi un unicum, un riferimento diretto della presenza di san Carlo nelle Tre Valli Ambrosiane e una testimonianza della sua azione pastorale riformatrice, attuata secondo i dettami del Concilio di Trento anche grazie alla carismatica figura del Basso. *** ABSTRACT.-The ancient church of Saint Peter in Biasca, in Canton of Ticino, preserves a pictorial cycle on the Life of St. Charles Borromeo, commissioned in 1620 by the parish priest Giovanni Basso to the painter Alessandro Gorla from Bellinzona. The twelve panels, complete with captions, which depict in an ideal order and with a lively language some episodes in the life of the Saint, can be considered an unicum, a direct reference to the presence of St. Charles in the Three Ambrosian Valleys, and a testimony of his reforming pastoral action, implemented according to the resolutions of the Council of Trent also thanks to the charismatic figure of Basso. BIASCA Nel punto in cui le Tre Valli Svizzere, dette anche Tre Valli Ambrosiane s'incontrano, e dove il fiume Ticino incrocia il suo affluente Brenno
BackgroundTo investigate the relationship between nodule size and malignancy and the correlation ... more BackgroundTo investigate the relationship between nodule size and malignancy and the correlation between the dimensional parameter and fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in patients with a nodular goiter.
Giovanni Battista Palletta, trained at the school of Bernardino Moscati,
Pietro Moscati and Giova... more Giovanni Battista Palletta, trained at the school of Bernardino Moscati, Pietro Moscati and Giovanni Alessandro Brambilla, was a highly appreciated surgeon of the Ospedale Maggiore in Milan. Many of his clinical researches made him known in the international surgical community. There is no doubt that his vast experience, his ability, the successes achieved, the innovations introduced, his trait as a man of few words, justify the opinion of most of the historians of surgery who believe his reputation to be much higher than that of his own teachers.
In questa breve rassegna si descrive la presenza in diversi gruppi scultorei lignei e in terraco... more In questa breve rassegna si descrive la presenza in diversi gruppi scultorei lignei e in terracotta del Rinascimento lombardo, di una figura del tutto inedita: la "donna mora". Gli autori ritengono che questa figura, probabilmente ideata dal De Fonduli, rappresenti un'autentica novità di singolare rilievo culturale, su cui la critica ha in genere glissato.
Vengono descritte sculture di "gitte" o "cingane" e si propongono alcune ipotesi sull'identità di queste donne singolari comparse sulla scena europea in seguito alla migrazione del popolo Rom dall'area balcanica.
Many of the representations of individuals with goiters reported in the literature actually refer... more Many of the representations of individuals with goiters reported in the literature actually refer to occasional swelling of the anterior neck, or ''pseudogoiter,'' the artists not having any plan to expose this pathology. The article describes five representations of goiters, as observed by the authors in the sculptures of the Sacred Mountains of Varallo, Orta, and Varese, Italy. They are classical and appropriate examples of the iconography of ''real goiter,'' since in these cases the sculptors had the definite aim of showing persons with goiter.
Background: Four goiter representations observed by the authors in the sculptures of the Sacred M... more Background: Four goiter representations observed by the authors in the sculptures of the Sacred Mountain of Varese, Italy, are described here. Summary: They should be regarded as a typical and proper example of the iconography of ''real goiter,'' where the artists had the definite intention to depict persons with goiter. Conclusions: Studies of representations of individuals with goiter are not that rare, even though most of the observations reported in the literature deal with images that should be considered occasional swelling of the anterior neck, ''thick neck,'' or ''pseudogoiter'' because the artists probably did not have any intention to illustrate the pathological condition.
This is a review of of the canonical figures sculptured in the Lamentations on the body of Christ... more This is a review of of the canonical figures sculptured in the Lamentations on the body of Christ. The representation of this scene of the Passion of Christ, either in wood or in terracotta, has been very common in the second part of fifteenth and early sixteenth century, mainly in Lombardy and Oriental Piedmont, Italy. Besides the eight canonical characters, in several groups is present a woman of dark complexion wearing a turban and holding a baby. Some documents and the iconography suggest this character could be a Gypsy.
To evaluate changes in lymphocyte subsets after major abdominal and thoracic operations, and to c... more To evaluate changes in lymphocyte subsets after major abdominal and thoracic operations, and to correlate changes with the development of clinically relevant infections postoperatively. Open study. University hospital, Italy. 33 patients who were to undergo major abdominal or thoracic operations. Lymphocyte subsets were measured by cytofluorimetry before operation and 1, 3, 5, and 7 days postoperatively. Correlation between changes in the number of lymphocyte subsets and development of infection. Lymphocyte subsets were within the reference range in all patients before operation. 10/33 Patients developed infections (pneumonia, bacteraemia, or wound or urinary tract infections) between the second and the ninth days postoperatively (30%). On day 1 the numbers of all lymphocyte subsets had decreased significantly compared with the preoperative measurements in all patients (CD3 p &lt; 0.01, CD4 p &lt; 0.001, and CD8 p &lt; 0.05). The reduction in CD3 was significantly greater in the group that developed infections (p &lt; 0.001). Among patients who did not develop infections the numbers of lymphocyte subsets had returned to the reference range within a week of operation whereas among patients who developed infections they remained depressed (p &lt; 0.05). The synchronous reduction in numbers of all lymphocyte subsets on the first day postoperatively to below 50% of the reference range (CD3 to &lt; 600/microliters, CD4 to &lt; 400/microliters, and CD8 to &lt; 250/microliters) predicted the development of infection postoperatively with an accuracy of 89%, a sensitivity of 80%, and a specificity of 96%.
Postoperative infections are the most frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in surgical patie... more Postoperative infections are the most frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in surgical patients, considerably increasing the duration and cost of hospitalization. During the past decade the criteria for the administration of prophylactic antibiotics have been established and their proper use has caused a significant reduction of postoperative infections. The Authors review the indications to the use of local and systemic antibiotic prophylaxis; moreover, the general principles of antibiotic prophylaxis are presented and discussed, including problems related to the choice of antibiotic, dosage, timing and duration of administration, under different clinical circumstances and in various types of surgical operations.
Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis is an uncommon but potentially lethal condition, which can l... more Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis is an uncommon but potentially lethal condition, which can lead to severe complications such as bowel obstruction, enterocutaneous fistualas and necrosis. The treatment is debated because of the high morbidity and mortality of the surgical approach. The aim of this study was to contribute to achieving a better approach to surgical treatment of sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis. This report describes an even rarer case of idiopathic sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis diagnosed intraoperatively, observed in the Insubria University Department of Surgery in Varese, Italy, where surgery was mandatory due to the sudden onset of the disease and lack of a definitive diagnosis. Temporary ileostomy and partial resection of the peritoneum were performed. At present (December 2002) the patient is alive and well. Management of sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis is controversial, but the surgical treatment should be as conservative as possible. Guidelin...
The effects of surgical trauma resulting from laparoscopic cholecystectomy and open cholecystecto... more The effects of surgical trauma resulting from laparoscopic cholecystectomy and open cholecystectomy, were compared by assessing the postoperative acute phase alterations of selected plasma proteins, hormones and lymphocyte subpopulations in fifty-seven patients prior to elective cholecystectomy. Patients were prospectively randomized to undergo either laparoscopic cholecystectomy (n = 30) or open cholecystectomy (n = 27). Duration of operation and general anesthesia was similar in the two patient groups. The laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients had a shorter postoperative stay in hospital (3.1 (0.5) days vs. 7.1 (1.6) days; p < 0.001). In open cholecystectomy patients a significantly greater postoperative acute phase increase in plasma C-reactive protein (p < 0.001), cortisol (p < 0.05), and prolactin blood level (p < 0.001) was recorded. The postoperative acute phase decrease in the blood total-T-lymphocyte count (CD3 cells) and in the activated-lymphocyte count (OKDR ...
Journal of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh
Thirteen patients underwent duodenocephalopancreatectomy (DCP) with the mechanical staplers to di... more Thirteen patients underwent duodenocephalopancreatectomy (DCP) with the mechanical staplers to divide the pancreatic neck and to secure haemostasis of the retroportal pancreatic lamina. The stapling techniques used on the pancreas are described. In nine patients with DCP the stapled distal pancreas was anastomosed to the jejunum with Roux-en-Y drainage; one pancreatic complication and no deaths were observed. In four other patients undergoing DCP who were at high risk for severely compromised general conditions, reconstruction of the digestive tract was simplified by leaving the stapled distal pancreas definitively closed: pancreatic complications were recorded in two cases, with no deaths. Mechanical staplers considerably facilitated resection of the neck of the pancreas and of the retroportal pancreatic lamina. All 13 patients who underwent DCP with the use of stapler techniques on the pancreas, including four high-risk patients, were discharged to convalesce on an oral diet after...
Città fortificate, borghi, fertili campi da coltivare. La Lombardia nel Medioevo fu tra le più fi... more Città fortificate, borghi, fertili campi da coltivare. La Lombardia nel Medioevo fu tra le più fiorenti regioni europee, tanto da spingere un osservatore del XIII secolo a ravvisare che «se i Lombardi si fossero amati», raggiungendo un’unità politica e superando la loro frammentazione istituzionale, «il loro sovrano non avrebbe avuto uguali sulla terra». Giancarlo Andenna indaga le dinamiche che fecero della Lombardia medievale un luogo di equilibri politici e di interessi strategici, con un’attenzione alla demografia, alla storia sociale ed economica, all’evoluzione del paesaggio agrario e cittadino. Il Medioevo lombardo va quindi inteso come una fase di trasformazione: si modificarono il suolo, il territorio, la geografia, si crearono città, si costruirono castelli a scopi di difesa e di celebrazione del potere.
Facendo dialogare fonti antiche e più recenti ricerche storiografiche, Andenna analizza il ruolo di costante dinamismo che ebbero le città e le campagne lombarde, in una ricostruzione che non trascura un confronto con le diverse realtà del Medioevo europeo.
Giancarlo Andenna è stato allievo della Scuola Storica Nazionale presso l’Istituto Storico Italiano per il Medioevo di Roma, poi professore straordinario nel triennio 1990-1993 di Storia Medievale presso l’Università di Lecce. Dal 1° novembre 1993 è stato ordinario di Storia Medievale presso l’Università Cattolica di Milano e la sede di Brescia. Ha ricoperto dal 2002 al 2012 la carica di direttore del dipartimento di Studi medioevali, umanistici e rinascimentali della sede di Milano. Dal luglio 2013 fa parte dell’Accademia dei Lincei, sezione delle Scienze Morali.
Una breve storia delle epidemie e delle pandemie in Europa dal Medioevo ai giorni nostri con illu... more Una breve storia delle epidemie e delle pandemie in Europa dal Medioevo ai giorni nostri con illustrazioni tratte da miniature, dipinti e sculture.
LE PAROLE IN CHIRURGIA Dal Medioevo al SARS-CoV-2, 2023
Oggi, la comunicazione scientifica avviene in inglese, e le altre lingue europee sono meno utiliz... more Oggi, la comunicazione scientifica avviene in inglese, e le altre lingue europee sono meno utilizzate e rimangono in un ambito di minore prestigio anche professionale. Questo comporta il rischio di un crescente contrasto: da un lato, un linguaggio agevolato, accessibile a chi non è medico o allo studente in medicina; dall’altro, un linguaggio iperspecialistico, che rischia di essere di difficile comprensione per gli stessi medici con altra specializzazione. Durante la revisione dell’ultima edizione di un noto trattato di chirurgia si è constatata un’inattesa e straordinaria estensione dei lemmi chirurgici e medici in generale. Questa proliferazione di termini, talora impenetrabili, inconsueti e frequentemente presi in prestito da altre lingue, sta progressivamente allontanando il grande pubblico e per il suo tecnicismo può mettere in difficoltà anche la “corporazione clinica”. Si è così reso necessario un aggiornamento del vocabolario chirurgico e, in parte, di quello medico per fornire elementi utili per decodificare e intendere neologismi, forestierismi, termini inconsueti, eponimi e acronimi.
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Papers by Renzo Dionigi
Pietro Moscati and Giovanni Alessandro Brambilla, was a highly appreciated surgeon of the Ospedale Maggiore in Milan. Many of his clinical researches made him known in the international surgical community. There is no doubt that his vast experience, his ability, the successes achieved, the innovations introduced, his trait as a man of few
words, justify the opinion of most of the historians of surgery who believe his reputation to be much higher than that of his own teachers.
Vengono descritte sculture di "gitte" o "cingane" e si propongono alcune ipotesi sull'identità di queste donne singolari comparse sulla scena europea in seguito alla migrazione del popolo Rom dall'area balcanica.
Pietro Moscati and Giovanni Alessandro Brambilla, was a highly appreciated surgeon of the Ospedale Maggiore in Milan. Many of his clinical researches made him known in the international surgical community. There is no doubt that his vast experience, his ability, the successes achieved, the innovations introduced, his trait as a man of few
words, justify the opinion of most of the historians of surgery who believe his reputation to be much higher than that of his own teachers.
Vengono descritte sculture di "gitte" o "cingane" e si propongono alcune ipotesi sull'identità di queste donne singolari comparse sulla scena europea in seguito alla migrazione del popolo Rom dall'area balcanica.
Facendo dialogare fonti antiche e più recenti ricerche storiografiche, Andenna analizza il ruolo di costante dinamismo che ebbero le città e le campagne lombarde, in una ricostruzione che non trascura un confronto con le diverse realtà del Medioevo europeo.
Giancarlo Andenna è stato allievo della Scuola Storica Nazionale presso l’Istituto Storico Italiano per il Medioevo di Roma, poi professore straordinario nel triennio 1990-1993 di Storia Medievale presso l’Università di Lecce. Dal 1° novembre 1993 è stato ordinario di Storia Medievale presso l’Università Cattolica di Milano e la sede di Brescia. Ha ricoperto dal 2002 al 2012 la carica di direttore del dipartimento di Studi medioevali, umanistici e rinascimentali della sede di Milano. Dal luglio 2013 fa parte dell’Accademia dei Lincei, sezione delle Scienze Morali.