Papers by Hyellavala F O M N Y A Joseph
Advances in Pharmacology and Pharmacy, 2024
This study aims to determine the effect of
oxytetracycline administration on tissue disposition ... more This study aims to determine the effect of
oxytetracycline administration on tissue disposition of
diminazene aceturate in apparently healthy Sahel goats.
Eighteen animals were used for the experiment. Sixteen of
the animals were grouped into two with eight animals in
each group. The firstgroup was given only diminazene
aceturate at 3.5 mg/kg intramuscularly, and the second
group received diminazene aceturate (3.5 mg/kg) in
combination with 20% oxytetracycline (20 mg/kg)
intramuscularly. Diminazene aceturate was administered
30 minutes after the administration of 20% oxytetracycline.
Two goats were sacrificed from each group at 5, 10, 15, and
20 days post-administration of the drugs.The two untreated
goats were sacrificed to prepare the control tissues and
standards. The concentration of diminazene aceturate in
various tissues was determined using a chemical assay.
Diminazene aceturate administered alone or in
combination with oxytetracycline was absorbed and
detected in various organs of the treated Sahel goats, with
the liver and the kidney recording the highest
concentrations. Tissues harvested from goats that received
the drug combination presented higher concentrations than
the goats treated with diminazene aceturate alone. Drug
residues were detected twenty days after drug
administration in most tissues of the experimental goats.
Diminazene aceturate was found to be present in the tissues
of goats for more than 20 days after treatment, hence, 20% oxytetracycline was found to alter the excretion style of
diminazene aceturate in goats treated with 20%
oxytetracycline.
Nursing and Health , 2024
The World Health Organization report
indicated that diseases associated with psychoactive
subs... more The World Health Organization report
indicated that diseases associated with psychoactive
substance use account for over 12% of the total burden of
diseases affecting humanity. The immoderate use of
chemical agents especially illegal drugs is termed as drug
abuse. This is a cross sectional study aimed at determining
the prevalence of psychoactive substance use among
students in the College of Nursing and Midwifery Yola,
Adamawa State. To constitute the study's sample size, a stratified random sampling technique was used to select
two hundred students from the Nursing Science and
Midwifery departments across different academic levels.
Data was collected through a self-structured questionnaire,
and a descriptive statistical technique was used in
analyzing the collected data. The study findings revealed
that the majority, 157(78.5%) of the students use
psychoactive substances with caffeinated beverages
(42.0%) and kola nut (28.0%) being identified as the most
common substances used by students. Substance abuse was
highly associated with final-year students (300 levels) and
those in remedial programs. The rate of psychoactive
substance use is high in students living on campus and those renting apartments outside the campus. The majority,
97(61.8%) of the students use psychoactive substances for
academic-related purposes, including the desire to stay
awake at night and study, the quest to improve academic
performances, and be active during lecture hours. A good
number, 86(54.8%) of the students reported dependence on
psychoactive substances, and some experience body
weakness 26(16.6%), headache 13(8.3%), and drowsy
feelings 34(21.6%) with the use of the substances. It was
concluded that students in the College of Nursing and
Midwifery Yola use psychoactive substances to enhance
their studies. Most of these substances commonly used are
readily available on campus.
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has prompted global health emergencies and... more The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has prompted global health emergencies and a swift response from the scientific community. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on the mechanisms of action and efficacy of several key drugs, including hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, remdesivir, umifenovir, and others. The study highlights the potential benefits and limitations of these treatments, including their effects on viral replication, inflammation, and immune response. Additionally, it discusses the role of corticosteroids and convalescent plasma in managing severe cases of COVID-19. Epidemiological data reveal the rapid spread and significant morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19. The virus primarily targets the respiratory system, but its impact extends to multiple organ systems, leading to diverse clinical manifestations. Research highlights the critical need for effective antiviral therapies and vaccines to combat the pandemic. Continuous surveillance, comprehensive clinical studies, and the development of robust healthcare strategies are essential to mitigate the virus's impact. This review emphasizes the urgent need for global collaboration in research and healthcare to manage and eventually overcome COVID-19.
International Journal of Recent Research in Life Sciences , 2024
The "One Health" idea comprises a global strategy emphasizing the need for an approach that is wh... more The "One Health" idea comprises a global strategy emphasizing the need for an approach that is whole and transdisciplinary and integrates multisector expertise in dealing with the health of man, animals, and the environment. It stimulates and promotes the interconnectedness, coexistence, and evolution of living things and their environment, which is itself in a state of constant evolution. Industrialization, geopolitical problems, and an increase in human population have led to increasing global changes causing a lot of damage to biodiversity, extensive deterioration of ecosystems, and considerable migratory movement of both mankind and species in general. Over the years, certain zoonoses, such as bird flu or the Ebola and Zika viral epidemics, have illustrated this fact to the entire world demonstrating the interdependence of human health, animal health, and ecosystem health. Many of the same microbes infect animals and humans, as they share the ecosystems, they live in. Efforts by just one sector cannot prevent or eliminate the problem. One toxicology combines wildlife, human, veterinary, and ecological toxicology to support more logical choices as to what chemicals and what concentrations are permitted to come into contact with human beings and their domestic animals. Ecosystems serve as a life support system to mankind. Humans take great advantage of the resources provided by the planet and by doing so the environment is being modified. The shared environment and food sources of animals and humans allow potential exposure to the same toxic and infectious agents. In this review article, we discuss the connection between toxicology, ecosystem health, and one health.
International Journal of Police Science , 2024
Community policing is a symbiotic and concerted effort of the police and members of the host comm... more Community policing is a symbiotic and concerted effort of the police and members of the host communities to reduce the incidence of crime and criminal activities. Nigeria, as a country, has embraced the concept of community-based policing to forestall crime and criminal activities since the return of democracy in 1999. This research critically scrutinizes the ideology and beliefs of community policing in the Nigerian context, aiming to offer solutions to the major setbacks of community policing in Nigeria. A non-probability sampling technique was employed for the current study. Self-constructed questionnaires were used to acquire data. Results revealed that the community members are in constant healthy relationship with the police, but the police collaboration with the community members regarding crime control/detection is not encouraging. The effort of the police authority in crime detection and control is commendable, and the fear of crime has been declining since the initiation of community policing. Success was attributed to the constant collaboration of the police with other security agencies. The residents fully supported the concept of community policing. Still, they suggested that massive employment, funding security agencies, and organizing skill acquisition programs to engage the unemployed will greatly help in crime reduction in addition to the concept of community policing. The challenges faced by the security agencies include recruitment of unqualified personnel, insufficient crime-fighting equipment/patrol vehicles, inadequate remuneration of the security personnel, and lack of trust in the security agencies by the residents.
American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology , 2022
Coronavirus disease is a highly contagious infection that is majorly associated with upper respir... more Coronavirus disease is a highly contagious infection that is majorly associated with upper respiratory tract illnesses. The World Health Organization (WHO) label the novel coronavirus disease COVID-19 after an epidemic of the disease in Wuhan, Hubei province (China). Over 90 clinical trials, including drug repositioning, have been initiated to get COVID-19 treatment/management. Antibiotic resistance, drug tolerance, mutation, and adverse drug effects possess a lot of setbacks during therapy, especially with emerging infectious diseases. This necessitates the need for research into getting newer drugs or repositioning the available ones to meet up with the treatment of both infectious and non-infectious diseases affecting humanity. Drug repositioning is a stepwise process that aids in discovering new indications and therapeutic targets of drugs and it usually takes 3-12 years on average to be completed whereas, in drug discovery, an average of 10-17 years is needed for the whole process. This is because, in repositioning, the research process goes straight to preclinical and clinical trials since both the toxicological and pharmacological profiles of the drug to be repositioned are known, thus reducing time, risk, and costs. Based on 2009 statistics, 30% of all drugs sold in that year are products of repositioning while only one out of one million potential drug candidates have the possibility of entry into clinical studies with a tendency of significant failures. Hence the need to discover additional uses for already established drugs, especially with the emergence of COVID-19. Drug repositioning is therefore considered an alternative way to new drug development as it entails the discovery of newer therapeutic uses of established drugs.
Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Research , 2021
The methanol extract of Securidaca longepedunculata root bark was screened phytochemically and it... more The methanol extract of Securidaca longepedunculata root bark was screened phytochemically and its intraperitoneal acute toxicity evaluated in mice. The phytochemical screening was carried out based on standard methods. The Median Lethal Dose (LD) was determined using Lorke's 50 method while the Maximum Tolerated Dose (LD) was determined by the method described by 0 Mosser and Padilla. The root bark extract revealed the presence of carbohydrates, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, saponins and flavonoids. The extract produced intraperitoneal LD and LD 50 0 values of 6.92 mg/kg and 6.0 mg/kg, respectively. Based on the research findings, the methanol extract of S. longepedunculata root bark was found to contain important phytochemicals which may be attributed to its enormous use in traditional medicine, but it was a highly toxic extract in mice with intraperitoneal LD and LD valuesof 6.92 mg/kg and 6.0 mg/kg, respectively.
Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences , 2022
Serum kinetics of diminazene aceturate following intramuscular (IM) administration of diminazene ... more Serum kinetics of diminazene aceturate following intramuscular (IM) administration of diminazene aceturate alone at 3.5 mg/kg and its combination with oxytetracycline at 20 mg/kg were evaluated in 6 healthy male Sahel goats to ascertain the effect of oxytetracycline on serum concentration and pharmacokinetic parameters of diminazene aceturate. Two groups (A and B) of three goats each were used, and oxytetracycline was administered 30 minutes prior to diminazene aceturate administration. Blood samples were collected at various intervals (0.17 h-72 h) postdrug administration, and diminazene serum concentrations were measured using the method of Klatt and Hadju. Kinetic determinants were calculated employing a twocompartment open model. Mean serum concentrations of diminazene aceturate of 2.43 ± 0.95 µg/ml and 1.73 ± 0.44 µg/ml at 0.17 h were measured in groups A and B, respectively. These serum concentrations were found to increase until a peak concentration of 6.91 ± 0.59 µg/ml and 7.55 ± 1.20 µg/ml were reached at 2.0 h in groups A and B, respectively. The peak concentrations subsequently decreased at 72 h post diminazene aceturate administration with serum concentrations of 0.00 ± 0.00 and 0.32 ± 0.28 µg/ml in groups A and B, respectively. Pharmacokinetics parameters like the volume of distribution (Vd), elimination half-life (T½β), concentration maximum (Cmax), absorption rate constant (α), and area under the curve from 0 to 72 h (AUC0-72) were significantly higher in goats treated with diminazene aceturate and oxytetracycline combination while total body clearance (Cl), and elimination rate constant (β), were significantly higher in goats treated with diminazene aceturate alone. The mean residence time (MRT) of diminazene aceturate increased from 19.70 ± 2.53 h in diminazene aceturate treatment to 25.11 ± 1.81 h in diminazene aceturate and oxytetracycline treatment. Oxytetracycline was therefore found to alter the elimination pattern of diminazene aceturate in oxytetracycline pre-treated goats.
Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences , 2021
The persistent application of chemicals in pest control and agricultural processes possess a publ... more The persistent application of chemicals in pest control and agricultural processes possess a public health concern as their use are often associated with acute or chronic poisoning cases in both humans and animals. In veterinary medicine, pesticides such as organophosphates and carbamates are exclusively used in ectoparasitic control through pour on, tick bath and fumigation. The incidence of organophosphate or carbamate poisoning in dogs within Maiduguri, northeastern Nigeria was assessed using three government approved and licensed veterinary centres. Data were obtained through the review of three years (2016-2018) retrospective cases of organophosphate/carbamate poisoning and administration of questionnaires to actively practising veterinarians. Investigation revealed that organophosphate/carbamate poisoning in dogs within Maiduguri metropolis constituted 37% of poisoning cases and was on the increase in recent years with 22.96% of the total cases reported in 2016, 34.08% in 2017 and 42.96% in 2018. The case was most prevalent at the peak of the rainy season around July and August. The common clinical signs observed include salivation, vomiting, diarrhoea, muscle spasms, severe weakness and paralysis. Management was usually supportive and symptomatic while antidotal therapy revolved on atropine sulphate only. The effect of ageing in organophosphate poisoning was neglected by most of the clinicians as more than 50% would administer atropine sulphate without considering the duration of the onset of poisoning. It was concluded that the incidence of organophosphate and carbamate poisoning in dogs in Maiduguri constituted 37% of all poisoning cases where 22.96% and 42.96% of it were reported in 2016 and 2018, respectively. Enlightenment programmes for the public and professionals are recommended on the increased cases of poisoning and proper use of antidote in the treatment of chemical toxicosis.
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science , 2023
Securidaca longipedunculata (SL) is an extensively utilized medicinal plant in folk medicine. Pen... more Securidaca longipedunculata (SL) is an extensively utilized medicinal plant in folk medicine. Pentylenetetrazole-
(PTZ-)induced seizures and strychnine-induced convulsions were used for evaluating the anticonvulsant activities,
while open field test (OFT) and elevated plus maze (EPM) were used to evaluate the anxiolytic activities. In each
of these tests, both sexes of mice were selected randomly and divided into five different groups comprising five
mice per group. The first group received normal saline 0.1 ml/10 g (negative control) and the next three groups
received methanol extract of the plant root bark at 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg/kg, respectively, while the last group
received diazepam 1.0 mg/kg (positive control) intraperitoneally. The extract showed anticonvulsant activity at
1.0 and 1.5 mg/kg by significantly (p < 0.05) delaying the onset of convulsion and shortening the duration of
convulsion in PTZ-induced seizures. In the strychnine-induced convulsion, there was a significant delay in the
onset of the convulsion but not in the duration. The extract also exhibited anxiolytic activities at 1.0 and 1.5 mg/
kg by significantly (p < 0.05) increasing the time taken within the central zone as well as the number of entries to
the center zone of the field in OFT, while in the EPM, there was an increase in the time taken at the open arm and
in the frequency of entries into the open arm. Diazepam as the positive control recorded better anticonvulsant and anxiolytic activities compared to the extract. The result proved that the methanol extract of SL root bark possesses
dose-dependent anticonvulsant and anxiolytic activities, and a potent anticonvulsant/anxiolytic agent could be
developed from the extract.
International Journal of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Research, 2021
Since the introduction of penicillin in the 1940s, antibiotics have become one of the cornerstone... more Since the introduction of penicillin in the 1940s, antibiotics have become one of the cornerstones of modern medicine. Infectious diseases caused by bacterial pathogens represent a greater percentage of public health concern. In clinical medicine, antimicrobial agents are often indicated for chemotherapy of infectious diseases that are bacterial in origin. Since the discovery and subsequent widespread use of antibiotics, a variety of bacterial species of human and animal origin have developed numerous mechanisms that render bacteria resistant to some, and in certain cases to nearly all antibiotics. Thus, it is important to study the classifications and biological mechanisms which made the bacterial pathogens to survive in the presence of these inhibitory agents. Understanding antibiotic classification and how these bacterial resistance mechanisms work from the standpoint of molecular physiology and biochemistry will discourage unnecessary antibiotic prescription as well as identify new targets for potential inhibition of multi-drug resistance and thus restore clinical utility of chemotherapy of infectious disease caused by serious bacterial pathogens.
International Journal of Drug Research and Technology, 2013
The Securidaca longepedunculata crude root bark extract was studied in rats to evaluate its acute... more The Securidaca longepedunculata crude root bark extract was studied in rats to evaluate its acute toxicity and antinociceptive effects. The LD 50 was determined using Lorke's methods while tail flick, hotplate and formalin test methods were used to evaluate the antinociceptive activities of the extract at doses of 3mg/kg and 6mg/kg intraperitoneally. The result of the LD 50 value was 14.14mg/kg. The extract exhibited significant antinociceptive effect at 6mg/kg (P<0.05) as compared to the control in tail flick test and in both phases of formalin test. It was concluded that the crude ethanol extract of S. longepedunculata possessed dose dependent antinociceptive activities but it was a highly toxic extract in rats with intraperitoneal LD 50 value of 14.14mg/kg.
Publisher by Hyellavala F O M N Y A Joseph
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Papers by Hyellavala F O M N Y A Joseph
oxytetracycline administration on tissue disposition of diminazene aceturate in apparently healthy Sahel goats. Eighteen animals were used for the experiment. Sixteen of the animals were grouped into two with eight animals in each group. The firstgroup was given only diminazene
aceturate at 3.5 mg/kg intramuscularly, and the second group received diminazene aceturate (3.5 mg/kg) in combination with 20% oxytetracycline (20 mg/kg) intramuscularly. Diminazene aceturate was administered 30 minutes after the administration of 20% oxytetracycline. Two goats were sacrificed from each group at 5, 10, 15, and 20 days post-administration of the drugs.The two untreated goats were sacrificed to prepare the control tissues and standards. The concentration of diminazene aceturate in various tissues was determined using a chemical assay.
Diminazene aceturate administered alone or in combination with oxytetracycline was absorbed and detected in various organs of the treated Sahel goats, with the liver and the kidney recording the highest concentrations. Tissues harvested from goats that received the drug combination presented higher concentrations than
the goats treated with diminazene aceturate alone. Drug residues were detected twenty days after drug administration in most tissues of the experimental goats. Diminazene aceturate was found to be present in the tissues of goats for more than 20 days after treatment, hence, 20% oxytetracycline was found to alter the excretion style of
diminazene aceturate in goats treated with 20% oxytetracycline.
indicated that diseases associated with psychoactive substance use account for over 12% of the total burden of diseases affecting humanity. The immoderate use of
chemical agents especially illegal drugs is termed as drug abuse. This is a cross sectional study aimed at determining the prevalence of psychoactive substance use among students in the College of Nursing and Midwifery Yola, Adamawa State. To constitute the study's sample size, a stratified random sampling technique was used to select two hundred students from the Nursing Science and Midwifery departments across different academic levels. Data was collected through a self-structured questionnaire, and a descriptive statistical technique was used in analyzing the collected data. The study findings revealed that the majority, 157(78.5%) of the students use psychoactive substances with caffeinated beverages (42.0%) and kola nut (28.0%) being identified as the most common substances used by students. Substance abuse was highly associated with final-year students (300 levels) and those in remedial programs. The rate of psychoactive substance use is high in students living on campus and those renting apartments outside the campus. The majority, 97(61.8%) of the students use psychoactive substances for academic-related purposes, including the desire to stay awake at night and study, the quest to improve academic performances, and be active during lecture hours. A good number, 86(54.8%) of the students reported dependence on psychoactive substances, and some experience body weakness 26(16.6%), headache 13(8.3%), and drowsy
feelings 34(21.6%) with the use of the substances. It was concluded that students in the College of Nursing and Midwifery Yola use psychoactive substances to enhance their studies. Most of these substances commonly used are readily available on campus.
received methanol extract of the plant root bark at 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg/kg, respectively, while the last group received diazepam 1.0 mg/kg (positive control) intraperitoneally. The extract showed anticonvulsant activity at 1.0 and 1.5 mg/kg by significantly (p < 0.05) delaying the onset of convulsion and shortening the duration of convulsion in PTZ-induced seizures. In the strychnine-induced convulsion, there was a significant delay in the onset of the convulsion but not in the duration. The extract also exhibited anxiolytic activities at 1.0 and 1.5 mg/ kg by significantly (p < 0.05) increasing the time taken within the central zone as well as the number of entries to the center zone of the field in OFT, while in the EPM, there was an increase in the time taken at the open arm and in the frequency of entries into the open arm. Diazepam as the positive control recorded better anticonvulsant and anxiolytic activities compared to the extract. The result proved that the methanol extract of SL root bark possesses dose-dependent anticonvulsant and anxiolytic activities, and a potent anticonvulsant/anxiolytic agent could be
developed from the extract.
Publisher by Hyellavala F O M N Y A Joseph
oxytetracycline administration on tissue disposition of diminazene aceturate in apparently healthy Sahel goats. Eighteen animals were used for the experiment. Sixteen of the animals were grouped into two with eight animals in each group. The firstgroup was given only diminazene
aceturate at 3.5 mg/kg intramuscularly, and the second group received diminazene aceturate (3.5 mg/kg) in combination with 20% oxytetracycline (20 mg/kg) intramuscularly. Diminazene aceturate was administered 30 minutes after the administration of 20% oxytetracycline. Two goats were sacrificed from each group at 5, 10, 15, and 20 days post-administration of the drugs.The two untreated goats were sacrificed to prepare the control tissues and standards. The concentration of diminazene aceturate in various tissues was determined using a chemical assay.
Diminazene aceturate administered alone or in combination with oxytetracycline was absorbed and detected in various organs of the treated Sahel goats, with the liver and the kidney recording the highest concentrations. Tissues harvested from goats that received the drug combination presented higher concentrations than
the goats treated with diminazene aceturate alone. Drug residues were detected twenty days after drug administration in most tissues of the experimental goats. Diminazene aceturate was found to be present in the tissues of goats for more than 20 days after treatment, hence, 20% oxytetracycline was found to alter the excretion style of
diminazene aceturate in goats treated with 20% oxytetracycline.
indicated that diseases associated with psychoactive substance use account for over 12% of the total burden of diseases affecting humanity. The immoderate use of
chemical agents especially illegal drugs is termed as drug abuse. This is a cross sectional study aimed at determining the prevalence of psychoactive substance use among students in the College of Nursing and Midwifery Yola, Adamawa State. To constitute the study's sample size, a stratified random sampling technique was used to select two hundred students from the Nursing Science and Midwifery departments across different academic levels. Data was collected through a self-structured questionnaire, and a descriptive statistical technique was used in analyzing the collected data. The study findings revealed that the majority, 157(78.5%) of the students use psychoactive substances with caffeinated beverages (42.0%) and kola nut (28.0%) being identified as the most common substances used by students. Substance abuse was highly associated with final-year students (300 levels) and those in remedial programs. The rate of psychoactive substance use is high in students living on campus and those renting apartments outside the campus. The majority, 97(61.8%) of the students use psychoactive substances for academic-related purposes, including the desire to stay awake at night and study, the quest to improve academic performances, and be active during lecture hours. A good number, 86(54.8%) of the students reported dependence on psychoactive substances, and some experience body weakness 26(16.6%), headache 13(8.3%), and drowsy
feelings 34(21.6%) with the use of the substances. It was concluded that students in the College of Nursing and Midwifery Yola use psychoactive substances to enhance their studies. Most of these substances commonly used are readily available on campus.
received methanol extract of the plant root bark at 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg/kg, respectively, while the last group received diazepam 1.0 mg/kg (positive control) intraperitoneally. The extract showed anticonvulsant activity at 1.0 and 1.5 mg/kg by significantly (p < 0.05) delaying the onset of convulsion and shortening the duration of convulsion in PTZ-induced seizures. In the strychnine-induced convulsion, there was a significant delay in the onset of the convulsion but not in the duration. The extract also exhibited anxiolytic activities at 1.0 and 1.5 mg/ kg by significantly (p < 0.05) increasing the time taken within the central zone as well as the number of entries to the center zone of the field in OFT, while in the EPM, there was an increase in the time taken at the open arm and in the frequency of entries into the open arm. Diazepam as the positive control recorded better anticonvulsant and anxiolytic activities compared to the extract. The result proved that the methanol extract of SL root bark possesses dose-dependent anticonvulsant and anxiolytic activities, and a potent anticonvulsant/anxiolytic agent could be
developed from the extract.