Papers by Ayodeji Oluwole
International Journal of Medicine and Health Development, 2024
Background: The placenta is an organ unique to mammals that connects the developing fetus to the ... more Background: The placenta is an organ unique to mammals that connects the developing fetus to the uterine wall. The placenta supplies the fetus with oxygen and nutrients and allows fetal waste to be disposed of effectively via maternal circulation. Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the relationship between placenta weight at delivery and fetal outcomes. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study carried out between January 2022
HJOG, Jul 1, 2024
Background: Coronaviruses are a group of enveloped positive-stranded RNA viruses. They constitute... more Background: Coronaviruses are a group of enveloped positive-stranded RNA viruses. They constitute a very important human and animal pathogens. COVID-19, a novel coronavirus was identified towards the end of 2019 following a cluster of pneumonia in Wuhan city in China. Our study aims to document the obstetrics parameters and outcomes of pregnant women diagnosed and managed at the
Nigerian quarterly journal of hospital medicine
To assess the usefulness of Manix in the management of men with idiopathic oligospermia. The stud... more To assess the usefulness of Manix in the management of men with idiopathic oligospermia. The study involved 55 infertile men with idiopathic oligospermia. Thirty-five patients were administered oral 600 mg of manix for 13 weeks and 20 were put on oral 1000 IU of vitamin E for 13 weeks. Semen analysis and the sex hormone profiles were done as baseline and then repeated at 3 and 6 months. There were statistically significant improvements in semen parameters in the patients on Manix . No improvement was noted in the other group on vit E. There was however no significant difference in pregnancy rates in the two groups. Manix may play a role in the management of patients with idiopathic olligospermia. However, large scale double blind controlled trials are needed to confirm the findings in this preliminary study.
Annals of clinical and biomedical research, Mar 7, 2023
The epidemic of obesity is gradually becoming a global health concern across all age groups. In p... more The epidemic of obesity is gradually becoming a global health concern across all age groups. In pregnant mothers, overweight or obesity have been known to be associated with significant antenatal, intrapartum, postpartum, and neonatal complications. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between high maternal Body Mass Index (BMI) and adverse pregnancy outcomes. This was a longitudinal observational study done at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital between May 2019 and February 2020. Antenatal women with gestational age <12 weeks with singleton pregnancies were recruited for the study. They were followed up throughout pregnancy and postpartum to assess for complication during pregnancy, labour, and puerperium. A total of 568 pregnant women were involved in the study. Five hundred and fifty six (556) had complete data and were included in the data analysis. Of these, 169 (30.4%) had BMI of 30 and above while 387 (69.6%) had BMI<30. Women with BMI of 30 and above had significant (p<0.05) risk for development of complications in pregnancy. There is an obvious association between increased maternal BMI and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Public health implications of obesity are enormous for both the mother and baby during pregnancy and delivery. Preconception counselling and health education programs may be beneficial in order to maintain normal BMI in women of reproductive age. Mass Index (BMI) and pregnancy outcomes. 2 Obesity is a nutritional disorder characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the subcutaneous tissues, in the omentum and viscera, and in muscles. 3 A variety of classifications have been used to define obesity in pregnancy. These include height and weight indices like the height and weight tables, Ponderal's Index, and the BMI. Subscapular and triceps skin fold thickness and an empirical definition of maternal obesity as body weight greater than 90 kg at booking, regardless of height and pre-pregnancy weight have also been used. 3 However, the most commonly used method is Body Mass Index (BMI), also known as the Quetelet's Index. 4 BMI is the most appropriate measure for assessing pregnancy weight change, ranging from 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m. 2,3 Women are considered as obese when their BMI is greater than 30 kg/m. 2 Obesity in pregnancy has been associated with an increased risk of urinary tract infection, hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, diabetes mellitus, increased risk of postpartum hemorrhage, genital lacerations, prolonged pregnancy, thromboembolic disorders, macrosomic babies, shoulder dystocia, and increased risk of operative deliveries. 5-9 Weight gain is a normal physiological change associated with pregnancy. This weight gain in pregnancy may be due to fat deposition in the breast and subcutaneous tissues, fluid retention, amniotic fluid volume, weight attributed by the growing fetus, uterus, placenta and breasts. This physiological increase in maternal
Nigerian quarterly journal of hospital medicine, 2014
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 2014
This study also showed a rise in the mean caesarean section rate for predelivery eclamptics and a... more This study also showed a rise in the mean caesarean section rate for predelivery eclamptics and all eclamptics (55.41% and 49.70% respectively) compared to findings in the previous decades. There was a significant increase in the maternal mortality and perinatal mortality rates in recent decade. There was a decline in post mortem rate (40.9% in recent decade compared with 60% in previous decades).
HJOG, Mar 3, 2023
Background: Dipstick urinalysis is a handy and cost effective method for the early detection of a... more Background: Dipstick urinalysis is a handy and cost effective method for the early detection of asymptomatic bacteriuria. Asymptomatic bacteriuria occurs in 2-10% of pregnancies and has been associated with low birth weight and preterm delivery in pregnant women if untreated. Objective: To determine the incidence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy, the distribution of infecting organisms and the antibiotic sensitivity pattern in pregnant Nigerian women attending the antenatal clinic of the
HJOG, Apr 3, 2022
Background: Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific multi-systemic progressive disorder that is uniq... more Background: Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific multi-systemic progressive disorder that is unique to human pregnancy occurring in the second half of pregnancy. Reliable biochemical markers for prediction, diagnosis and management of preeclampsia would have a great impact on maternal health and several of these markers have been suggested. Relaxin is a peptide that has shown promising effect in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and it is believed to increase vascular endothelial growth factor and placenta growth factor both of which promote angiogenesis and placentation in pregnancy. Thus, relaxin may play an important regulatory role in maternal vascular adaptations during pregnancy. Aim: This study therefore aimed to find out the difference, if any, in serum relaxin levels in preeclamptic and normotensive pregnant women at Lagos University Teaching Hospital. Methods: This was an analytical comparative cross-sectional study involving pregnant women with preeclampsia (study group-48 had mild preeclampsia while 42 had severe preeclampsia) and age-, parity-and gestational age-matched women without preeclampsia (comparative group). Venous samples were collected from eligible participants after counselling and obtaining informed consent. Serum relaxin was determined using the Quantikine Human Relaxin-2 Immunoassay according to manufacturer's instructions. A structured questionnaire was also administered to collect relevant sociodemographic and clinical information. Data were entered and analyzed using the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Statistics) Version 23. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. Categorical variables were summarized and presented as frequency and percentages. The test of normality of continuous variables was performed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The continuous variables such as age that were normally distributed were presented as mean (± standard deviation). All tests were two-tailed and statistical significances was set at p < 0.05. Results: The mean level of serum relaxin in women with preeclampsia was significantly lower than that of the normotensive women (0.24+0.03ng/ml vs. 0.42±0.05ng/ml; p < 0.001). However, there was
Risk Management and Healthcare Policy
Cervical cancer is the most common human papillomavirus (HPV)-related disease. Knowledge of the n... more Cervical cancer is the most common human papillomavirus (HPV)-related disease. Knowledge of the natural history and aetiology of cervical cancer offers unique opportunities for its prevention, and the development of HPV screening tests is one of the most effective strategies. The current HPV diagnostics detect HPV DNA or E6/E7 mRNA in cervical/vaginal samples using molecular-based technologies. HPV screening tests are more sensitive than cytology or visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) as a primary screening method and are even more clinically valuable in triaging mild cytological abnormalities as a hybrid test. As technical and laboratory resources are grossly limited in marginalized or underserved settings which thus require that women travel long distances for screening and treatment. The practical implementation of an HPV-based screening programme may face many challenges and measures should be instituted to overcome these challenges without compromising disease detection. These measures may include a reduction in screening frequency using the WHO global strategy of offering HPV screening tests at 35 and 45 years of age, adoption of a high throughput testing technology, and improved access to vaginal HPV self-sampling screening tests to women in remote settings or those who are reluctant to undergo gynecologic examination. Another important strategy is the implementation of a "see-and-treat" approach using a point-of-care platform that requires limited skills of laboratory technicians. In addition, the development and large-scale incorporation of more specific HPV testing technologies that are much cheaper and easier to use in nonlaboratory settings than the currently available options should be prioritized for underserved settings. At the same time, there is a need to develop and commence the implementation of an affordable and readily available intermediate or secondary test with optimal specificity for triaging or segregating clinically unimportant HPV infections that do not require colposcopy.
Nigerian quarterly journal of hospital medicine, 2017
West Africa Journal of Medicine
Background:Â Eclampsia is one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality. Objective... more Background:Â Eclampsia is one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality. Objectives:Â To determine the incidence as well as the maternal outcomes of eclampsia at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH). Methods:Â This was a retrospective review. Results:Â During the six-year review period, 4182 women gave birth at our facility, out of which 67 cases of eclampsia were diagnosed (16 per 1000 deliveries). Four women died constituting a case fatality rate of 5.9%. Fifteen women were admitted to the intensive care unit, 6 women had acute kidney injury while 5 had abruptio placentae. Further comparison of our data with previous studies from our institution decades ago showed a continuous decrease in total number of eclamptic cases presenting to our facility (572 eclamptics in 1977 - 1986, 299 ECLAMPTICS IN 1986 - 1995, 165 IN 1996-2005 AND 67 IN 2015-2020). Conclusion:Â The case fatality rate from eclampsia is still high in our hospital. Increased utilisation of antenatal...
The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine
Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of pregnancy on CD4+ and CD8+ cell coun... more Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of pregnancy on CD4+ and CD8+ cell counts, CD4/CD8 ratio and CD4 and CD8 percentages and also determine which of these parameters will be most reliable in assessing immunity in pregnancy. Study design: This was a case-control study involving 80 healthy HIV seronegative pregnant women and 81 healthy HIV seronegative non-pregnant women. Their HIV status was determined after obtaining an informed consent. Their Full Blood Count, CD4+ cell count and CD8+ cell count were measured by standard laboratory methods. CD4%, CD8% and CD4/CD8 ratio were calculated from results obtained. All data collected were subjected to statistical analysis using Epi Info.
ecancermedicalscience, 2021
Epidemiological studies have showed that low levels of antioxidants induce the generation of free... more Epidemiological studies have showed that low levels of antioxidants induce the generation of free radicals leading to DNA damage and further mutations seen in cancer. This study evaluated the effects of oxidative markers on the occurrence and severity of cervical cancer at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital. This was an analytical cross-sectional study carried out among women with histological diagnosis of invasive cervical cancer and their healthy cancer-free comparison group. Venous blood samples were collected from each participant for measurements of antioxidants (erythrocyte glutathione and vitamin C) and malondialdehyde (a marker of lipid peroxidation). Descriptive statistics were carried out for relevant demographic and clinical data. Associations between continuous variables were tested using the independent sample t-test or the analysis of variance for normally distributed data or the Mann–Whitney U test for skewed data, whereas categorical variables were compared using...
East African medical journal, 2014
OBJECTIVE To describe pattern of female genital tract cancers seen at Olabisi Onabanjo University... more OBJECTIVE To describe pattern of female genital tract cancers seen at Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital (OOUTH), Sagamu, Nigeria. DESIGN This is a retrospective review of all cases of female genital tract cancers managed at the Gynaecology department of OOUTH, Sagamu, Nigeria. SETTING OOUTH is a tertiary health institution of the State's university and it takes referrals from within and outside the State. SUBJECTS Case records of all female genital tract cancers managed between January 2004 and December 2013 were retrieved and analysed using SPSS version 16.0. RESULTS There were 2059 women treated forvarious gynaecologic conditions, 179 (8.7%) were cases of female genital tract cancers and 161 records were available for analysis. Cervical cancer constituted the commonest (51.6%), followed by ovarian (35.4%), endometrial (9.9%), and choriocarcinoma (1.9%). There were no cases of vaginal and fallopian tube cancers. The lowest mean age was found in choriocarcinoma (36.6...
The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, 2020
COVID-19 is a pandemic that is currently ravaging the world. Infection rate is steadily increasin... more COVID-19 is a pandemic that is currently ravaging the world. Infection rate is steadily increasing in Sub-Saharan Africa. Pregnant women and their infants may suffer severe illnesses due to their lower immunity. This guideline prepares and equips clinicians working in the maternal and newborn sections in the sub-region to manage COVID-19 during pregnancy and childbirth.
Annals of African Medicine, 2020
Background: There is still conflicting evidence on the extent to which maternal hyperhomocysteine... more Background: There is still conflicting evidence on the extent to which maternal hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor for pregnancy complications. Aims: The study aimed to investigate the impact of elevated maternal homocysteine concentrations on adverse pregnancy outcomes among Nigerian women in Lagos. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective cohort study conducted at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria. Participants were enrolled during the first trimester of pregnancy following which relevant data were obtained by the interview. Fasting blood samples were collected for the measurement of maternal homocysteine concentration using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Pregnancy outcomes and complications were obtained by abstracting the antenatal, delivery, and newborn medical records. Preterm births, low-birth weight (LBW), and antepartum fetal death were used as confirmatory outcome variables in the final analysis. Descriptive statistics for all data were computed using SPSS version 22.0. The associations between the variables were tested and multivariate analyses were used to study the effects of the major baseline characteristics on the pregnancy outcome. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Hyperhomocysteinemia was recorded in 41 (24.6%) patients. Women with a high homocysteine concentration and those with a normal homocysteine level did not differ significantly in terms of age (P = 0.684), level of education (P = 0.866), and parity (P = 0.647). Women with hyperhomocysteinemia had an approximately twelve-fold higher risk of preterm birth (P = 0.001) and a ten-fold higher risk of delivering a term neonate with LBW (P = 0.004), but had no risk of antepartum fetal death (P = 0.118) compared to women with a normal homocysteine concentration. Conclusions: The prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia among mothers in Lagos was relatively low. The associations between hyperhomocysteinemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes could have implications in future for the prevention of these adverse outcomes.
BMC Research Notes, 2014
Background: Liver hepatitis due to Hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection is ... more Background: Liver hepatitis due to Hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV infected children and it is more severe in resource poor settings. Data on seroprevalence of HBV and HCV among HIV infected children are scarce in Ethiopia. This study was conducted to determine seroprevalence and risk factors of HBV and HCV and its effect on liver enzyme among HIV-positive children aged 18 months to 15 years attending the paediatric HIV care and treatment clinic at Felege Hiwot referral hospital, Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in May, 2014. Demographic and risk factors were collected using a structured questionnaire. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HCV antibodies were detected using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were determined. The results were analyzed using descriptive and logistic regression. Results: A total of 253 HIV positive children, boys (52.5%) and girls (47.5%) took part in the study. The median age of the children was 11 years. Overall, 19 (7.5%) of HIV infected children were positive either for HBsAg or anti-HCV antibodies. The seroprevalence of HBV and HCV were 2.0% and 5.5%, respectively. All HBsAg positive children were in older age groups (11-15years). Seroprevalence of HCV was higher in children from urban (7.7%) than rural (1.2%) residents (P = 0.02). Overall, 29 (12.1%) of children had elevated ALT. Of these, 31.5% were from HBsAg or anti-HCV antibody positive children whereas 9.8% were from hepatitis B or C virus negative children (P = 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression showed that being positive for HBsAg or anti-HCV antibody (AOR: 4.7(95% CI: 1.5-13.5) was significantly associated with elevated ALT. Conclusion: HBV and HCV co-infections are common in HIV positive children. In HIV positive children, HBV and HCV co-infection were associated with elevate ALT. Routine screening for HBV and HCV in HIV infected children should be implemented.
American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 2011
Numerous studies have demonstrated significant associations between periodontal disease and many ... more Numerous studies have demonstrated significant associations between periodontal disease and many other diseases in living populations, and some studies have shown that individuals with periodontal disease are at elevated risks of mortality. Recent analysis of a medieval skeletal sample from London has also shown that periodontal disease was associated with increased risks of mortality in the past. This study examines whether periodontal disease is associated with periosteal lesions in a skeletal sample from the urban St. Mary Graces cemetery (n 5 265) from medieval London. The results reveal a significant association between Grant sponsor: University at Albany Center for Social and Demographic Analysis (CSDA).
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Papers by Ayodeji Oluwole