Alice Binazzi Daniel
Alice Binazzi, PhD, is an Anthropologist and a Specialist in Gender and Children’s Rights, particularly focusing on Girl Child Rights.
She develops an Anthropology of Implementation of International Legal Standards for the safeguard of children’s and women's rights, with a special attention to the Agenda 2030 and SDG 5 implementation on women’s and girl children’s rights. She lived in Latin America and the Caribbean. She carried out ethnographic field research in Mexico and in the Dominican Republic, with marginalised children and adolescents, and the process of implementation of their rights, by a qualitative approach and from a gendered perspective. She tackled the “worst forms of child labour”, in particular, household child domestic work of girl children and adolescents and sexual exploitation in international travel and tourism.
Dr. Alice Binazzi served, for about a decade (1998-2008), in the International Research Centre of UNICEF IRC, a United Nations Agency. In UNICEF IRC, she worked in ILO/UNICEF/World Bank InterAgency Project Understanding Children’s Work; Child Friendly Cities Initiative International Secretariat; preparation and follow-up of part of III World Congress against Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents (Rio de Janeiro, 2008); Implementation of International Legal Standards Unit. She served in UNICEF IRC Director’s Office, too. More recently, she joined the academic research, in the University of Florence, Italy and the Universidad Pablo de Olavide (UPO), Seville, Spain. From 2014 to 2018, she has been researcher, participating in two Marie Curie-IRSES International EU-Latin America Projects: Multilevel Governance of Cultural Diversity (GOV.DIV) and GenderCit (Gender and Citizenship), 2014-2018. In the framework of decentralised international cooperation, she collaborated to local projects in Africa, Burkina Faso, for girl’s empowerment and in NGO advocacy initiatives between Burkina Faso and Italy. She has been Fellow Researcher in the International Project Espacios Públicos Urbanos y Mujeres (EPU Mujeres México-Colombia), 2017, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Mexico.
Actually, as an international researcher and consultant, she is based in Paris.
In the framework of LASA2018, Barcelona, she coordinated the Symposium of Experts on Girl Child Rights. She is Independent Expert of the Consejo Asesor de REDidi, Red Iberoamericana para la Docencia e Investigación en Derechos de la Infancia (REDidi), Salamanca, Spain. Member of the Scientific Committee of the International Review Comparative Cultural Studies - European and Latin America Perspectives, Florence University Press and Peer Revisor of the Review América Latina Hoy, University of Salamanca. She is a Member of EuroGender/EIGE Network, Member LASA (Latin American Studies Association), Member SIAA (Società Italiana di Antropologia Applicata), Member of ARIM (Associazione Ricercatori Italiani in Messico, supported by the Embassy of Italy to Mexico), and ICA de Americanistas.
PhD Doctor in Social Sciences, research line in Gender Equality, University Pablo de Olavíde (UPO), Seville, Spain (top marks, cum Laude). She holds a Master Degree in Local Human Development, Culture of Peace and International Cooperation and an Advanced Degree in Anthropology and Education Processes, University of Florence (both grades, top marks cum Laude). She holds a Diploma in Protagonismo Infantil, Universidad San Marcos and IFEJANT, Lima, Peru. She is an Official Translator of the University of Florence and can work in English, Spanish, French and Italian.
Authors of several international publications, including articles and book chapter, her research interests include cultural and social anthropology, human rights; gender; children’s rights and Girl Child Rights; women’s rights; diversity; discrimination; migrations; local and sustainable human development; Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development.
She develops an Anthropology of Implementation of International Legal Standards for the safeguard of children’s and women's rights, with a special attention to the Agenda 2030 and SDG 5 implementation on women’s and girl children’s rights. She lived in Latin America and the Caribbean. She carried out ethnographic field research in Mexico and in the Dominican Republic, with marginalised children and adolescents, and the process of implementation of their rights, by a qualitative approach and from a gendered perspective. She tackled the “worst forms of child labour”, in particular, household child domestic work of girl children and adolescents and sexual exploitation in international travel and tourism.
Dr. Alice Binazzi served, for about a decade (1998-2008), in the International Research Centre of UNICEF IRC, a United Nations Agency. In UNICEF IRC, she worked in ILO/UNICEF/World Bank InterAgency Project Understanding Children’s Work; Child Friendly Cities Initiative International Secretariat; preparation and follow-up of part of III World Congress against Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents (Rio de Janeiro, 2008); Implementation of International Legal Standards Unit. She served in UNICEF IRC Director’s Office, too. More recently, she joined the academic research, in the University of Florence, Italy and the Universidad Pablo de Olavide (UPO), Seville, Spain. From 2014 to 2018, she has been researcher, participating in two Marie Curie-IRSES International EU-Latin America Projects: Multilevel Governance of Cultural Diversity (GOV.DIV) and GenderCit (Gender and Citizenship), 2014-2018. In the framework of decentralised international cooperation, she collaborated to local projects in Africa, Burkina Faso, for girl’s empowerment and in NGO advocacy initiatives between Burkina Faso and Italy. She has been Fellow Researcher in the International Project Espacios Públicos Urbanos y Mujeres (EPU Mujeres México-Colombia), 2017, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Mexico.
Actually, as an international researcher and consultant, she is based in Paris.
In the framework of LASA2018, Barcelona, she coordinated the Symposium of Experts on Girl Child Rights. She is Independent Expert of the Consejo Asesor de REDidi, Red Iberoamericana para la Docencia e Investigación en Derechos de la Infancia (REDidi), Salamanca, Spain. Member of the Scientific Committee of the International Review Comparative Cultural Studies - European and Latin America Perspectives, Florence University Press and Peer Revisor of the Review América Latina Hoy, University of Salamanca. She is a Member of EuroGender/EIGE Network, Member LASA (Latin American Studies Association), Member SIAA (Società Italiana di Antropologia Applicata), Member of ARIM (Associazione Ricercatori Italiani in Messico, supported by the Embassy of Italy to Mexico), and ICA de Americanistas.
PhD Doctor in Social Sciences, research line in Gender Equality, University Pablo de Olavíde (UPO), Seville, Spain (top marks, cum Laude). She holds a Master Degree in Local Human Development, Culture of Peace and International Cooperation and an Advanced Degree in Anthropology and Education Processes, University of Florence (both grades, top marks cum Laude). She holds a Diploma in Protagonismo Infantil, Universidad San Marcos and IFEJANT, Lima, Peru. She is an Official Translator of the University of Florence and can work in English, Spanish, French and Italian.
Authors of several international publications, including articles and book chapter, her research interests include cultural and social anthropology, human rights; gender; children’s rights and Girl Child Rights; women’s rights; diversity; discrimination; migrations; local and sustainable human development; Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development.
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Papers by Alice Binazzi Daniel
Keywords: Gender; stereotypes and gender equality; human rights of girl children and of women; anthropology of implementation; Agenda 2030 and SDG5; human development.
Luis Rodolfo Abinader Corona es el nuevo Presidente de la República Dominicana, tras las elecciones presidenciales del 5 de julio de 2020. Esta Nota Breve refiere sobre el triunfo electoral, en primera vuelta, del nuevo mandatario, la Ceremonia de Juramentación y el primer Discurso Presidencial de Abinader, en que él ha delineado los ejes principales de su política interna y exterior. El nuevo Presidente de la República Dominicana ha reconocido, en la parte central de su Discurso, el rol fundamental desarrollado por el “ultramar” y el pueblo dominicano en el extranjero. Se plantea una política de ruptura con la gestión del poder anterior y nuevos desafíos en la política exterior y de cooperación con los otros países de Latinoamérica y el Caribe.
Abstract
Luis Rodolfo Abinader Corona is the new President of the Dominican Republic, recently elected, last July 2020. In this Short Note, we refer about his electoral triumph, in the first round, the Presidential Oath and Abinader’s first Presidential Speech. Core axis of domestic and foreign politics were outlined. The new President of the Dominican Republic also acknowledged the fundamental role, played by the Dominican overseas community. In President Abinader’s new approach, it can be observed a breakdown politics, in comparison to previous governments. At the same time, new challenges seem to arise, in foreign political strategy and in regional cooperation with the other Latin American and Caribbean countries.
Con la llegada al poder de Hitler, en 1933, las Leyes de Núremberg, en 1935, y la consecuente anexión de Austria a Alemania, en 1938, la situación de la comunidad judía, en Europa, se vuelve grave, determinando una ola de migración, rumbo al mundo entero. El Congreso de Evian, convocado por el Presidente de los Estados Unidos, Franklin D. Roosevelt, reunirá a los representantes de 32 países, con el fin de encontrar una solución para los refugiados judíos, en un pais que pudiese acogerlos, salvando sus vidas.
El Congreso de Evian se concluirá, en la indiferencia general de los representantes, con una única oferta de ayuda, la de la República Dominicana. Este trabajo ofrece un recorrido histórico de los acontecimientos que se produjeron, anteriormente y posteriormente el Congreso de Evian, al igual que, una reflexión antropológica sobre el punto de vista de los ancianos refugiados y de sus descendientes y su reubicación en la colonia agrícola de Sosúa, en el norte de la República Dominicana. El presente estudio también analiza el rol del dictador Rafael Leónidas Trujillo, en las tratativas de la República Dominicana con EE.UU. y la DORSA - que financiará la acogida de los judíos -, que constituye el telón de fondo de esta historia escasamente conocida y, al mismo tiempo, un claroscuro de multíplices motivaciones, del régimen dominicano, que, sin embargo, no prescinde del resultado final de haber salvado vidas.
Palabras clave: Congreso de Evian; República Dominicana; refugiados judíos; comunidad judía de Sosúa; Europa y Latinoamérica y el Caribe.
Abstract
Following the coming to power of Hitler, in 1933, the Nuremberg Laws, in 1935, and the consequent annexing of Austria to Germany, in 1938, the situation of the Jewish community, in Europe, becomes desperate. This determined a wave of migration, towards the whole world. The Congress of Evian, convened by the President of the United States of America, Franklin D. Rosevelt, gathered delegations from 32 countries, in the purpose of identifying a solution for these Jewish refugees and a country willing to shelter them.
The Congress of Evian concluded, in the general indifference of its representatives, with the only aid offer, by the Dominican Republic. This work provides an historical review of the events, before and after the Congress of Evian, as well as, an anthropological reflection on the older refugees’ and their descendants’ perspective, concerning their agricultural settlement in Sosúa, in the North of the Dominican Republic. This study also analyses the role of the dictator Rafael Leónidas Trujillo, in the negotiations, by the Dominican Republic, with the United States of America and the DORSA, which will finance the hosting plan for the Jewish refugees. This constitutes the backdrop of this scarcely known history, also light and shadows of the multiple reasons for the Dominican regime making this deal, although, this cannot be separated from the final paramount outcome of having saved lives.
Keywords: Congress of Evian; Dominican Republic; Jewish refugees; Jewish community of Sosúa; Europe and Latin America and the Caribbean.
Link to Comparative Cultural Studies REview: https://oajournals.fupress.net/index.php/ccselap/article/view/12515
International legal standards for children’s
rights and Girl Child Rights, strengthened
by the global commitment of Agenda
2030 for Sustainable Development and its
SDG5 on gender equality set, as a priority,
the elimination of all forms of violence
against girl children and girl adolescents.
Among them, harmful traditional practices,
including child, forced and early
marriage and female genital mutilations
(FGMs), tend to re-produce, increasingly,
in European countries, in connection to
migration processes and the extension
of habitats of meaning, therefore, representing
a new challenge for States, receiving
significant migration flows. In this
framework, our anthropology of implementation
work, by a gendered qualitative
approach, aims at shedding light on
this topic, proposing the case of France,
in comparison to the on-going debate in
other European countries and reflecting
on the role of institutions and the close relationship
between culture and legislation
for implementation.
KEYWORDS: gender; migrations; children’s
rights; Agenda 2030; child marriage
and FGM.
RESUMEN
Los estándares jurídicos internacionales
para los derechos de la infancia y, en particular,
de las niñas, fortalecidos por el compromiso
global de la Agenda 2030 para el
Desarrollo Sostenible y su ODS5 sobre la
igualdad de género establecen la prioridad
de la eliminación de toda forma de
violencia contra las niñas y las adolescentes.
Entre otras, las prácticas tradicionales
nocivas del matrimonio infantil, forzoso y
precoz y las mutilaciones genitales femeninas
(MGF), tienden a re-producirse, cada
vez más, en países europeos, en conexión
con procesos migratorios y la extensión
de los hábitats de significado, convirtiéndose
en un nuevo desafío para los países
de destino. En este marco, nuestra antropología
de la implementación, desde una
perspectiva de género, pretende visibilizar
este tema, reflexionando sobre el caso de
Francia, en comparación con otros países
europeos, el rol de las instituciones y la relación
estrecha entre cultura y legislación
para la implementación.
PALABRAS CLAVE: género; migraciones;
derechos de la infancia, Agenda 2030,
matrimonio infantil y MGF
ones represent a complex phenomenon,
often hiding serious violations of
human rights and gender violence. In this
framework, we aim at highlighting two
case studies of forced migrations affecting
girl children and women: women and girls
trafficking in Central America and the Caribbean
and the condition of displaced women
for violence, in Mexico. This research
committed for gender equality and human
rights of girl children and women combines,
by an innovative qualitative approach,
anthropology of gender and theory of human
rights, for an anthropology of implementation
of the international legal standards
for girl children’s and women’s rights.
A combination of research results, from high-
level international and local research,
with our ethnographic field research results
from the Dominican Republic and Mexico will be presented.
Keywords: Rights of the Child, implementation, human rights of children, Convention on the Rights of the Child, gender, Agenda 2030, sustainable development, local good governance, participation.
Keywords: Gender; stereotypes and gender equality; human rights of girl children and of women; anthropology of implementation; Agenda 2030 and SDG5; human development.
Luis Rodolfo Abinader Corona es el nuevo Presidente de la República Dominicana, tras las elecciones presidenciales del 5 de julio de 2020. Esta Nota Breve refiere sobre el triunfo electoral, en primera vuelta, del nuevo mandatario, la Ceremonia de Juramentación y el primer Discurso Presidencial de Abinader, en que él ha delineado los ejes principales de su política interna y exterior. El nuevo Presidente de la República Dominicana ha reconocido, en la parte central de su Discurso, el rol fundamental desarrollado por el “ultramar” y el pueblo dominicano en el extranjero. Se plantea una política de ruptura con la gestión del poder anterior y nuevos desafíos en la política exterior y de cooperación con los otros países de Latinoamérica y el Caribe.
Abstract
Luis Rodolfo Abinader Corona is the new President of the Dominican Republic, recently elected, last July 2020. In this Short Note, we refer about his electoral triumph, in the first round, the Presidential Oath and Abinader’s first Presidential Speech. Core axis of domestic and foreign politics were outlined. The new President of the Dominican Republic also acknowledged the fundamental role, played by the Dominican overseas community. In President Abinader’s new approach, it can be observed a breakdown politics, in comparison to previous governments. At the same time, new challenges seem to arise, in foreign political strategy and in regional cooperation with the other Latin American and Caribbean countries.
Con la llegada al poder de Hitler, en 1933, las Leyes de Núremberg, en 1935, y la consecuente anexión de Austria a Alemania, en 1938, la situación de la comunidad judía, en Europa, se vuelve grave, determinando una ola de migración, rumbo al mundo entero. El Congreso de Evian, convocado por el Presidente de los Estados Unidos, Franklin D. Roosevelt, reunirá a los representantes de 32 países, con el fin de encontrar una solución para los refugiados judíos, en un pais que pudiese acogerlos, salvando sus vidas.
El Congreso de Evian se concluirá, en la indiferencia general de los representantes, con una única oferta de ayuda, la de la República Dominicana. Este trabajo ofrece un recorrido histórico de los acontecimientos que se produjeron, anteriormente y posteriormente el Congreso de Evian, al igual que, una reflexión antropológica sobre el punto de vista de los ancianos refugiados y de sus descendientes y su reubicación en la colonia agrícola de Sosúa, en el norte de la República Dominicana. El presente estudio también analiza el rol del dictador Rafael Leónidas Trujillo, en las tratativas de la República Dominicana con EE.UU. y la DORSA - que financiará la acogida de los judíos -, que constituye el telón de fondo de esta historia escasamente conocida y, al mismo tiempo, un claroscuro de multíplices motivaciones, del régimen dominicano, que, sin embargo, no prescinde del resultado final de haber salvado vidas.
Palabras clave: Congreso de Evian; República Dominicana; refugiados judíos; comunidad judía de Sosúa; Europa y Latinoamérica y el Caribe.
Abstract
Following the coming to power of Hitler, in 1933, the Nuremberg Laws, in 1935, and the consequent annexing of Austria to Germany, in 1938, the situation of the Jewish community, in Europe, becomes desperate. This determined a wave of migration, towards the whole world. The Congress of Evian, convened by the President of the United States of America, Franklin D. Rosevelt, gathered delegations from 32 countries, in the purpose of identifying a solution for these Jewish refugees and a country willing to shelter them.
The Congress of Evian concluded, in the general indifference of its representatives, with the only aid offer, by the Dominican Republic. This work provides an historical review of the events, before and after the Congress of Evian, as well as, an anthropological reflection on the older refugees’ and their descendants’ perspective, concerning their agricultural settlement in Sosúa, in the North of the Dominican Republic. This study also analyses the role of the dictator Rafael Leónidas Trujillo, in the negotiations, by the Dominican Republic, with the United States of America and the DORSA, which will finance the hosting plan for the Jewish refugees. This constitutes the backdrop of this scarcely known history, also light and shadows of the multiple reasons for the Dominican regime making this deal, although, this cannot be separated from the final paramount outcome of having saved lives.
Keywords: Congress of Evian; Dominican Republic; Jewish refugees; Jewish community of Sosúa; Europe and Latin America and the Caribbean.
Link to Comparative Cultural Studies REview: https://oajournals.fupress.net/index.php/ccselap/article/view/12515
International legal standards for children’s
rights and Girl Child Rights, strengthened
by the global commitment of Agenda
2030 for Sustainable Development and its
SDG5 on gender equality set, as a priority,
the elimination of all forms of violence
against girl children and girl adolescents.
Among them, harmful traditional practices,
including child, forced and early
marriage and female genital mutilations
(FGMs), tend to re-produce, increasingly,
in European countries, in connection to
migration processes and the extension
of habitats of meaning, therefore, representing
a new challenge for States, receiving
significant migration flows. In this
framework, our anthropology of implementation
work, by a gendered qualitative
approach, aims at shedding light on
this topic, proposing the case of France,
in comparison to the on-going debate in
other European countries and reflecting
on the role of institutions and the close relationship
between culture and legislation
for implementation.
KEYWORDS: gender; migrations; children’s
rights; Agenda 2030; child marriage
and FGM.
RESUMEN
Los estándares jurídicos internacionales
para los derechos de la infancia y, en particular,
de las niñas, fortalecidos por el compromiso
global de la Agenda 2030 para el
Desarrollo Sostenible y su ODS5 sobre la
igualdad de género establecen la prioridad
de la eliminación de toda forma de
violencia contra las niñas y las adolescentes.
Entre otras, las prácticas tradicionales
nocivas del matrimonio infantil, forzoso y
precoz y las mutilaciones genitales femeninas
(MGF), tienden a re-producirse, cada
vez más, en países europeos, en conexión
con procesos migratorios y la extensión
de los hábitats de significado, convirtiéndose
en un nuevo desafío para los países
de destino. En este marco, nuestra antropología
de la implementación, desde una
perspectiva de género, pretende visibilizar
este tema, reflexionando sobre el caso de
Francia, en comparación con otros países
europeos, el rol de las instituciones y la relación
estrecha entre cultura y legislación
para la implementación.
PALABRAS CLAVE: género; migraciones;
derechos de la infancia, Agenda 2030,
matrimonio infantil y MGF
ones represent a complex phenomenon,
often hiding serious violations of
human rights and gender violence. In this
framework, we aim at highlighting two
case studies of forced migrations affecting
girl children and women: women and girls
trafficking in Central America and the Caribbean
and the condition of displaced women
for violence, in Mexico. This research
committed for gender equality and human
rights of girl children and women combines,
by an innovative qualitative approach,
anthropology of gender and theory of human
rights, for an anthropology of implementation
of the international legal standards
for girl children’s and women’s rights.
A combination of research results, from high-
level international and local research,
with our ethnographic field research results
from the Dominican Republic and Mexico will be presented.
Keywords: Rights of the Child, implementation, human rights of children, Convention on the Rights of the Child, gender, Agenda 2030, sustainable development, local good governance, participation.
Dr Daniel J. A. Rhind – Loughborough University
and
Alice Binazzi – University of Florence
**************************************************************
International legal standards for human rights of children and its principal instrument, the U.N. Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC, 1989) state the guiding principles, which should be reflected in efforts to promote and protect children’s rights. Although sport represents a crosscutting tool for the realization of children’s rights, and despite the worldwide use of sport in development work, activism for children’s rights in and around sport has historically been marginalised. The positive “social legacy” of sport events frequently masks more problematic issues, including gender-based violence and child exploitation.
The focus in this area has primarily been on promoting and protecting children’s rights in as opposed to around sport. This presentation will consider how mega sports events, and specifically Paris 2024, can have an effect on children’s rights. Based on research associated with other mega sports events, the risks and opportunities for Paris 2024 will be outlined with issues such as child labour, sexual exploitation, trafficking and displacement being considered. This contribution also wishes to foster alignment with UNCRC and the international legal standards for implementation of sustainable policies and action for this mega-event. A plan to support and evaluate the effect of Paris 2024 on the protection and promotion of children’s rights will be proposed.
Keywords: major sporting events; Paris 2024; children’s rights in sport; child protection; child exploitation.
Sin embargo, la implementación de los estándares jurídicos internacionales para la igualdad de género y la prevención de la violencia contra las niñas y las adolescentes, sigue escasamente realizada. El 11 de octubre 2012 la ONU estableció, por primera vez, el Día Internacional de la Niña, llamado global contra las desigualdades de género y discriminación contra las niñas.
Este trabajo se propone abordar este tema a través de la antropología de la implementación evidenciando significados locales que, junto a otros factores, retrasan y complican la implementación de los derechos de las niñas y las adolescentes. Esta contribución pretende analizar el papel de estados e instituciones en la realización de los compromisos asumidos, ante la comunidad internacional y las propias, para la superación de viejos paradigmas y políticas inadecuadas que perpetúan la desigualdad y para construir nuevas generaciones de futuras mujeres, que no tengan marcado su destino de marginación ya desde su infancia, empoderándolas para ser libres en la elección de su futuro.
Palabras clave: Género, Derechos de la Niña, Igualdad de Género, implementación de estándares jurídicos internacionales, antropología de la implementación.
Keywords: Gender, Girl Child Rights, Gender Equality, implementation of International legal standards, anthropology of implementation.
El presente grupo de trabajo tiene como objetivo reflexionar y discutir sobre los avances y desafíos en Latinoamérica en la línea de Derechos de la Infancia y Adolescencia desde la perspectiva de Género y en el marco de la agenda 2030 y sus ODS. Considerando que esta es una temática de reciente abordaje y con resistencias propias de la realidad social, cultural, histórica y política que complejiza la implementación de dichos derechos, se hace fundamental conocer los aportes de la investigación y desde las políticas sociales, tanto regionales, como internacionales, para establecer un panorama general que entrelace una ósmosis entre lo local y global.
This research team aims at reflecting and debating on the advances and challenges, in the Latin American Region, on the thematic of Children’s Rights from a Gender perspective and in the framework of the new Agenda 2030 and its SDGs. We consider that this is a recent approach to this thematic, which encounters own peculiar resistances in local socio-cultural, historical and political reality, often hampering children’s rights implementation. Therefore, it is fundamental to explore research and social policies contributions, either regional or international, in order to define an overall landscape, able to interweave osmosis between local and global.
En el marco de los estándares jurídicos internacionales para los derechos humanos de NNA y del desarrollo humano local, como proceso endógeno y sostenible, que no puede prescindir del cumplimiento de los derechos humanos de las futuras generaciones, este trabajo quiere abordar, con enfoque de género y análisis antropológico, la condición del niño urbano, migrante e indocumentado, y el estado del arte de la implementación de dichos estándares.
Palabras clave: derechos del niño, desarrollo sostenible, niño migrante, género, estereotipos.
Oaxaca, 28 de marzo-01 de abril 2016
Abstract
Niñas, niños y adolescentes alegados de brujería como fenómeno de discriminación contemporánea. Para una antropología de/para los derechos de NNA.
La Convención de Naciones Unidas sobre los Derechos del Niño (UNCRC/CDN, 1989), el más relevante instrumento internacional para los derechos humanos de niñas, niños y adolescentes (NNA) establece los principios fundamentales del derecho a la no-discriminación (Art.2), el interés superior del niño (Art.3) el derecho a la sobrevivencia y al desarrollo integral (Art.6), y a la participación (Art.12). A pesar de la CDN y de otros estándares jurídicos internacionales para la salvaguarda de los derechos de NNA, ratificados por casi todos los países del mundo, los datos internacionales evidencian la tendencia al aumento de distintos fenómenos de violencia contra este grupo social.
El Directorate-General for External Policies de la Unión Europea, en su estudio sobre las alegaciones de brujería contra niñas, niños y adolescentes (2013), ha evidenciado que la observación de esta violación de los derechos humanos, ha recibido escasa atención en el entorno de las organizaciones internacionales, academia y sociedad civil. Las acusaciones de brujería que afectan de manera creciente y específicamente a los NNA representan un fenómeno reciente, cuyas razones no están todavía suficientemente exploradas, aunque estudios antropológicos internacionales coinciden que se trata de algo distinto de las prácticas tradicionales. NNA huérfanos, refugiados, víctimas del tráfico de menores de edad, con discapacidades o enfermedades o que se portan de manera no convencional están a menudo acusados de causar daños por medio de recursos místicos y sufren estigmatización, discriminación, abandono, maltrato y hasta la muerte. La medida de la detención por estas alegaciones está también aumentando en varios contextos, en el mundo. Aunque la mayoría de los estudios disponibles se concentran en el contexto africano, hay también evidencia de este fenómeno, poco denunciado, en los contextos europeo y latinoamericano. Este trabajo propone una antropología de/para los derechos de niñas, niños y adolescentes, combinando análisis antropológico y área de los estándares jurídicos internacionales, ofreciendo una reflexión sobre unos estudios en contextos de África, Londres y Perú. Otro aporte llega también de unos trabajos etnográficos de la autora en el contexto haitiano-dominicano, sobre diversidad, supersticiones, asimetrías y discriminación, que hoy en día parecen estar funcionales para justificar otro tipo de dinámicas excluyentes y más relacionadas con migración y globalización.
Speech 2) Presentation, in English, on:" The role of formal and non-formal education for children's empowerment and as a prevention tool from violence against children"
Keywords: diversity and exclusion, Haiti, Haitian migration, children’s rights, local human development.
La Convención de Naciones Unidas sobre los Derechos del Niño (CDN/UNCRC, 1989), hito de los estándares jurídicos internacionales para la salvaguarda de los derechos de la infancia, evidencia la importancia de que niñas, niños y adolescentes participen activamente en los procesos que a ellos se refieren. Este concepto está reflejado en su principio rector de la participación (Art.12, CDN, 1989). Para la realización de los derechos de la infancia y la adolescencia resulta crucial la implementación, en los contextos locales, de estos estándares internacionales. En el presente trabajo presentamos dos proyectos locales, realizados en el Estado de Coahuila, México, con niñas y niños de primaria, sobre salud y sobre la adquisición de una comunicación basada en principios fundamentales como la inclusión, igualdad, responsabilidad. Para el logro de los objetivos de estos dos proyectos, ha sido fundamental el instrumento educativo del cine que, por medio de sus imágenes y contenidos ha activado un proceso de participación y reflexión con el grupo seleccionado, produciendo concienciación y empoderamiento en el ámbito de las temáticas de los proyectos. Este trabajo destaca, en particular, que los proyectos de participación y educación con la infancia han logrado transferir, partiendo del contexto escolar, principios y contenidos al entorno familiar y de la comunidad del niño/a estudiante, en un círculo formativo para el desarrollo humano local.
Palabras clave: participación de NNA; derechos de niñas, niños y adolescentes; cine y desarrollo humano.
Abstract
The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC, 1989), milestone of the international legal standards for the safeguard of children’s rights, highlights the importance of children’s active participation in the processes involving them. This concept is reflected in UNCRC guiding principle of participation (Art.12, UNCRC, 1989). In the purpose of achieving the realization of children’s rights, implementation of these international standards in local contexts is crucial. This work presents two local projects, carried out in the State of Coahuila, Mexico, with the participation of children of primary school. Projects focus on health and empowerment for communication based on the fundamental principles of inclusion, equality and responsibility. In order to achieve these two projects’ objectives, cinema was strategic, as education tool. By its images and contents, it could activate a process of participation and reflection, within the selected group, generating awareness and empowerment, about the projects’ thematic. This contribution highlights, in particular, that the here-presented two projects, based on participation and education, could transfer the acquired principles and contents, from school environment, to child’s family and community one, in a positive circle of local human development.
Keywords children’s participation; children’s rights, cinema and human development.
Author (nr. 2, "The role of formal and non-formal education for children’s empowerment and as a prevention tool from violence" http://www.fupress.net/index.php/ccselap/article/view/19999)
Link to Review Presentation http://www.fupress.net/index.php/ccselap/index
In its second part, this study tackles the phenomenon of child domestic work, focusing on gender issues, by a perspective of qualitative analysis and of applied anthropology. The analysed situation of exploited girl children, in the domestic work of third-party homes, highlights crosscutting aspects of cultural, gender and poverty issues. In this part of the work, a theoretical reflection on gender, asymmetries and discrimination is followed by the outcomes of author’s previous ethnographic field works, with marginalised children and adolescents, in the Caribbean area. Recent outcomes from international research, by the United Nations and the international organisations environment, on these subjects, are also provided. By doing this, the author wishes to join the peculiar contributions of the anthropological discipline and its ethnographic methodology for in-depth research of cultural local meanings, also including harmful stereotypes and discriminating attitudes, with the framework of the international legal standards for fundamental children’s rights and of their implementation, at local level. This contribution concludes by outlining a proposal for a transdisciplinary interaction between these two disciplinary fields, for an anthropology of/for children’s rights, under the overall consideration that a real sustainable development for future generations cannot avoid or disregard the fulfilment of children’s rights.
Keywords: children’s rights, girl child rights, gender, child domestic work, marginalised children.