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The factorial analyses indicated a two-dimensional structure (perception of work ability/mental resources and diseases and health restrictions). The value of Cronbach's a and McDonald u was, respectively, 0.80 and 0.87. The theoretical hypothesis of the construct validity were confirmed with direct correlation and significant of the WAI with the scores of reward, control and selfevaluate of the health status; inverse correlation and significant with the scale of need for recovery, psychological distress, effort, overcommitment and demand. Conclusion We found good evidence for a high reliability and construct validity of WAI questionnaire, supporting its use in future analyses in similar populations.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to assess sleep patterns in the adult population of the city of Campinas (Brazil) according to socioeconomic/demographic variables, chronic diseases, and symptoms. Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the Campinas Health Survey (ISACAMP) carried out in 2008 and 2009. A total of 2637 individuals aged 18 years or older (obtained from a probabilistic sample) were analyzed. Associations between sleep pattern and the independent variables were determined using the chi-square test. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to adjust for confounders. Results: The prevalence of six or fewer hours of sleep was greater among individuals aged 40 years or older and among divorced or single individuals. The sleep pattern of nine or more hours was more prevalent among those with less than 40 years of age, among those who were divorced, or single, among those with a lower level of schooling, those who did not work and housewives. Both short and long sleep patterns were more prevalent among individuals with heart disease, vascular problems, rheumatism/ arthritis/arthrosis, osteoporosis, or emotional problems. The prevalence of the short sleep duration was greater among individuals with back problems and those with three or more health conditions. A strong association was found between sleep duration and sleep quality. Conclusions: Socio-demographic factors and health diseases were associated to sleep duration. This issue should be considered in health promotion strategies.

Background: This paper analyses gender inequalities in health status and in social determinants of health among the elderly in western Europe. Methods: Data came from the first wave of the ''Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe' ' (2004). For the purposes of this study a subsample of communityresiding people aged 65-85 years with no paid work was selected (4218 men and 5007 women). Multiple logistic regression models separated by sex and adjusted for age and country were fitted. Results: Women were more likely to report poor health status, limitations in mobility and poor mental health. Whereas in both sexes educational attainment was associated with the three health indicators, household income was only related to poor self-rated health among women. The relationship between living arrangements and health differed by gender and was primarily associated with poor mental health. In both sexes, not living with their partner but living with other people and being the household head was related to poor mental health status (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.14; 95% CI 1.11 to 4.14 for men and aOR 1.75; 95% CI 1.12 to 2.72 for women). In addition, women living with their partner and other(s) and those living alone were more likely to report poor mental health status (aOR 1.67; 95% CI 1.17 to 2.41 and aOR 1.58; 95% CI 1.26 to 1.97, respectively). Conclusions: Health inequalities persist among the elderly. Women have poorer health status than men and in both sexes the risk of poor health status increases among those with low educational attainment. Living arrangements are primarily associated with poor mental health status with patterns that differ by gender.

This article reports on smoking prevalence and associated factors in the elderly, based on a population-based cross-sectional study with multistage sampling including 1,954 individuals 60 years or older living in four areas of São Paulo State, Brazil. Overall smoking prevalence was 12.2%, and higher rates were associated with male gender, age 60-69 years, not belonging to an Evangelical church, lower income, low body weight, lack of leisure-time physical activity, depression/anxiety, and hypertension. There was a high prevalence of smokers among individuals with a history of stroke, cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The results point to the need for effective interventions in healthcare services to promote smoking cessation among the elderly, since many are unable to stop on their own, even when they have tobacco-related illnesses. Special attention should be paid to individuals that depend on the National Health System, since smoking prevalence is higher in underprivileged socioeconomic groups.

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate if the happy life expectancy in older adults differs according to sex and functional limitations. METHODS: Life expectancy was estimated by Chiang method, and happy life expectancy was estimated by Sullivan method, combining mortality data with the prevalence of happiness. The questions on happiness and limitations came from a health survey, which interviewed 1,514 non-institutionalized older adults living in the city of Campinas, SP, Southeastern Brazil. The happy life expectancy was estimated by sex, age, and functional limitations. Based on the variance and standard error of the happy life expectancy, we estimated 95% confidence intervals, which allowed us to compare the statistical differences of the number of happy years lived among men and women. RESULTS: Differences by sex in happy life expectancy were significant at ages 60, 65, and 70. In absolute terms, women live more years happily. But, in relative terms, older men could expect to live proportionally more years with happiness. Happy life expectancy decreased significantly with increasing age in both men and women. Among older people living without functional limitation, differences by sex were statistically significant in all age groups, except at age 80. In the group with limitations, no significant differences by sex were found. Significant differences between the group without and with functional limitations were seen in both men and women. CONCLUSIONS: Older men could expect to live a greater proportion of their lives happily in comparison to same-aged women, but women show more years with happiness than men. Functional limitations have a significant impact on happy life expectancy for both sexes.

Background: Considering the high socioeconomic inequalities prevailing in Brazil and lifestyle as a strong determinant of morbidity and premature mortality, our purpose was to evaluate the degree of socioeconomic disparities in the prevalence of health behaviors among Brazilian adult population using data from the 2013 Brazilian National Health Survey. Method: Based on a sample of 49,025 individuals aged 20 to 59 years, we estimated the prevalence of several health behaviors and a score of unhealthy behaviors according to gender, education, race/color and possession of private health insurance. The prevalence ratios adjusted by age and gender were estimated by means of multiple Poisson regression and the analyses took into account the sampling design. Results: Significant social inequalities were identified in the Brazilian adults. Higher prevalence of current smoking, leisure-time physical inactivity, sedentary lifestyle, whole milk consumption and low ingestion of greens, vegetables, and fruits were observed among the less educated, in the non-white population, and among those without private health insurance. Higher prevalence of heavy episodic drinking was found in the non-white population, but no difference in the consumption of fatty meat was found according to skin color. Score of unhealthy behavior higher than 6 was more frequent in lower educational strata (PR = 3.74) in the non-white population (PR = 1.39) and among those without private health insurance (PR = 1.78). Compared to women, men had higher prevalence rates of smoking, hazardous alcohol consumption, and fatty meat consumption and lower consumption of greens, vegetables and fruits. Conclusion: The results of the study emphasize the importance of monitoring social inequalities in health as part of national health policies and the urgent need to prioritize actions to promote healthy behaviors, especially among the most socially vulnerable segments of society.

The aim of this study was to measure how diabetes, its complications, and limitations are associated to the domains of health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Methods A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 2178 individuals from the 2014/2015 City of Campinas Health Survey. The SF-36 was used to measure HRQoL. Mean scores were calculated. Crude and adjusted beta coefficients were estimated using multiple linear regression. Results Diabetes was associated with a significant reduction in the scores of five SF-36 domains. However, no significant reduction of scores was found among diabetics without complications and with no reports of limitations. The reduction in HRQoL was more accentuated with the increase in the number of complications. Three domains were affected in diabetics with one complication and all were affected in those with two or more complications, especially the role physical, role emotional, and physical functioning. Five domains were affected among diabetics who reported some degree of limitation and all were affected in those who reported high degree of limitation. Patients who reported limitation even in the absence of complications had reductions of the scores especially in the role emotional and social functioning. Conclusions The results reveal that the association between diabetes and HRQoL only prevail in the occurrence of complications and limitations imposed by the disease, indicating the necessity to avoid or delay the emergence of chronic complications with adequate control methods and paying attention to the perception of limitation reported by the patient.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of poor self-rated sleep and to identify the population subgroups most susceptible to the problem. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional, population-based study developed with data from the Health Survey conducted in the city of Campinas (ISACamp 2014/2015). Data from a sample of 1,998 individuals aged 20 years or older were analyzed. The self-rated quality of sleep was analyzed according to socio-demographic characteristics, morbidities, health behaviors and feeling of well-being. The association of sleep quality with different complaints and characteristics of sleep was also analyzed. Adjusted prevalence ratios were estimed using Poisson multiple regression model allowing for the sample weights. RESULTS: Prevalence of poor self-rated sleep was 29.1% and showed to be significantly higher in women, in individuals aged from 40 to 50 years, migrants, without occupation, physically inactive in leisure context, with common mental disorder (PR = 1.59), ...

Objectives To estimate the prevalence of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) or sports in the Brazilian population according to demographic and income variables. Methods Data from 60,202 Brazilian individuals (18 years and over) were analyzed, belonging to the National Health Survey 2013 sample. The prevalence of different modalities of LTPA and sports was estimated according to age, sex, skin color and income. The adjusted prevalence ratios were estimated by Poisson regression. Results Of every thousand Brazilians, 695 do not practice LTPA or sports. Walking is the most practiced LTPA (98/1000), followed by soccer (68/1000) and weight training (45/1000). For poor and black men, the most frequent LTPA was soccer, and, for women, gymnastics and walking. The prevalence of weight training and gymnastics was higher for white people compared with black people. All LTPA practices were more prevalent in individuals with higher income, except for soccer. Running on a treadmill and weight training had, respectively, 24.7 and 6.4 times higher prevalence in the richer quartile.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate, in a population-based approach, the association of extreme sleep duration with sociodemographic factors, health, and well-being. METHODS: We analyzed the data from the 2014/2015 Health Survey in the city of Campinas, State of São Paulo, Brazil (ISACamp), performed with 1,969 individuals (≥ 20 years old). Associations between the independent variable and short (≤ 6 hours) and long (≥ 9 hours) sleep were determined using the Rao-Scott chi-square test. The analyses were adjusted with multinomial logistic regression models. RESULTS: Men, individuals aged 40 to 59, those with higher schooling, those who have one (OR = 1.47, 95%CI 1.02–2.12), two (OR = 1.73, 95%CI 1.07–2.80), or three or more (OR = 1.62, 95%CI 1.16–2.28) chronic diseases, and those with three or more health problems (OR = 1.96, 95%CI 1.22–3.17) were more likely to have a short sleep. The chance of long sleep was higher in widowers and lower in those who have more years of schooling, with higher inc...

This cross-sectional study utilizes data from a nationwide web-based survey aimed to identify the factors affecting the emotional well-being of Brazilian adolescents aged 12–17 during the period of school closures and confinement. Data collection took place from 27 June to 17 September 2020. We used the “virtual snowball” sampling method, and students from private and public schools were included. A total of 9470 adolescents were analyzed. A hierarchical logistic regression model was used to find the factors associated with reporting at least two of three self-reported problems—sadness, irritability, and sleep problems. The main proximal factor was loneliness (AdjOR = 8.12 p < 0.001). Problems related to school closures also played an important role. Regular intake of fruits and vegetables, as well as physical activity, demonstrated a positive influence on emotional well-being, while excessive screen time (AdjOR = 2.05, p < 0.001) and alcohol consumption negatively affected ou...

Objective: to analyze socioeconomic inequalities in the self-reported prevalence of NonCommunicable Diseases (NCDs) and their disabilities in the Brazilian adult population. Methods: Cross-sectional study with data from the National Health Survey carried out in 2019. The self-reported prevalences of individuals with some noncommunicable diseases were calculated, according to sociodemographic characteristics; and the prevalence and prevalence ratio of these diseases and degrees of disability, according to education and possession of a private health plan. Results: 47.6% of the population reported having at least one noncommunicable diseases. Noncommunicable diseases increased progressively with age and were more prevalent in women (PR 1.13; 95%CI 1.1–1.15), in black (PR 1.04; 95%CI 1.01–1, 06) or brown individuals (PR 1.05; 95%CI 1.01–1.09), illiterate or with incomplete elementary education (PR 1.12; 95%CI 1.08–1.16), in the Southeast (PR 1.10; 95%CI 1.05–1.14) and the South (PR 1.0...

Objective: To analyze the association of depression with various health behaviors and to verify if they differ according to gender or income. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study based on data of 65,803 Brazilian adults (18–59 years old) interviewed in the National Health Survey, conducted in 2019. Presence or absence of depression was evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9. The prevalence of smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, sedentary lifestyle and food indicators were estimated according to the presence of depression. Stratified analyses were made according to sex and income, and prevalence ratios were estimated using the Poisson Regression. Results: We found a significant association between depression and all indicators studied, except occasional alcohol consumption. Depression was associated with heavy episodic drinking and insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables only in women. In men, the associations of depression with sedentary ...

Resumo: O sono é importante para a manutenção da saúde física, emocional e para o bem-estar. Poucos estudos avaliaram o efeito das condições socioeconômicas no sono no período da COVID-19. O objetivo foi analisar o aumento ou a incidência dos problemas do sono segundo condições demográficas e econômicas, prévias à pandemia, e segundo mudanças nas condições financeiras, ocupacionais e tarefas domésticas durante a pandemia. Estudo realizado via web, usando dados de 24 de abril a 24 de maio, com 45.160 brasileiros (18 ou mais), com amostra ponderada pelos dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD). Mudança na qualidade do sono (desfecho), renda mensal, efeito na renda familiar, na ocupação/trabalho, sexo, faixa etária, situação conjugal e alteração no trabalho doméstico (exposições) foram reportados. Estimamos os percentuais de início ou aumento dos problemas com o sono e os OR ajustados. A chance de exacerbação dos problemas com o sono foi de 34%, 71% e duas vezes mai...

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar a associação do autorrelato de problemas no sono com a presença de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNTs) e multimorbidades, e se essas associações diferem por sexo. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde 2019. Razões de prevalências entre morbidades, número de DCNTs e autorrelato de problemas no sono foram estimadas por regressão de Poisson com variância robusta, por sexo. Resultados: Foram analisados 85.531 brasileiros com idade ≥ 18 anos. Os problemas no sono autorrelados associaram-se a todas as morbidades e multimorbidades. A prevalência dos problemas no sono foi maior nos que declararam uma ou duas (RP = 2,37; IC95% 2,22;2,54) e três ou mais DCNTs (RP = 4,73; IC95% 4,37;5,11). As razões de prevalências da associação com diabetes, doenças pulmonares, mentais, renais e multimorbidades foram mais elevadas entre o sexo masculino. Conclusão: As DCNTs impactaram significativamente a qualidade do sono em ambos os se...