Publications by Ricardo Muñoz Martín
语言、翻译与认知 [Studies in Language, Communication and Cognition] 1(1), 131-165, 2021
Over the past 15 years, we have seen a steady growth of research in Cognitive Translation & Inter... more Over the past 15 years, we have seen a steady growth of research in Cognitive Translation & Interpreting Studies (CTIS). One of the paradigms within CTIS, Cognitive Translatology (CT), draws from Situated Cognition and already is an alternative to traditional views on the interface between brain, mind and diverse forms of multilectal mediated communication. One decade after the original presentation of the CT framework, this article aims to clarify and update the notions introduced there. First, the article elaborates on prerequisite concepts such as inter-textuality, meaning, language, and communication from cognitive translatological perspectives. Second, it reviews the nature of translations and translating and presents a précis on CT's disciplinary basics, such as the object of study, research methods and future directions. Altogether, we hope to contribute to dispelling misunderstandings and answer some recurrent questions on the theoretical edifice of Cognitive Translatology.
The Routledge Handbook of Interpreting and Cognition, 2024
Several factors contribute to the traditional divide between translation and interpreting tasks. ... more Several factors contribute to the traditional divide between translation and interpreting tasks. However, from the perspective of Cognitive Translation and Interpreting Studies (CTIS), it is a consequence of depicting them with a broad brush. While previously a convenient strategy to accommodate disciplinary approaches within Translation and Interpreting Studies, this approach is not optimal within CTIS. Once understood as monolithic modes, translation and interpreting increasingly appear to be variable clusters of features, and cognitive approaches need to take account of this new paradigm. The shared traits of these tasks can be reconsidered as multilectal mediated communication (MMC), including translation, localization, oral and signed interpreting, post-editing, transcreating, and transediting. This reconceptualization requires examining the foundations of theories about these tasks. This chapter explores modularity, memory, and mental lexicon as examples demonstrating the need to update referential frameworks and find common ground for MMC tasks within CTIS. Seeking higher granularity in the MMC tasks, and skeptical of the referential constructs and assumptions involved in data interpretation, the chapter includes a research review and suggests emerging trends.
EST Newsletter, 2024
[precis of a talk at National University of Singapore in February 2024] Reception studies have a ... more [precis of a talk at National University of Singapore in February 2024] Reception studies have a long tradition in Cognitive Translation & Interpreting Studies. Strictly speaking, studies on ear-voice span and speech delivery rate are reception studies (e.g., Oléron & Nanpon 1965), and so are those on translators’ reading and comprehension (e.g., Shreve et al. 1993). Yet we usually think of reception as it applies to addressees when reading (e.g., Walker 2020) or watching audiovisual products (see Kruger & Kruger 2017). Other fertile areas of CTIS reception research have focused on readability (e.g., O'Brien 2010) and on texts’ emotional impact (Rojo, Ramos, & Valenzuela 2014). Reception, indeed, adds to other watershed terms such as prediction, emotions, and multimodality, which distinguish different takes on cognition in multilectal mediated communication tasks and events.
Traducción y Neurociencia, 2024
[3rd–party precis of a talk in Spanish at National University of Rosario, Argentina] Multilectal ... more [3rd–party precis of a talk in Spanish at National University of Rosario, Argentina] Multilectal mediated communication (MMC) encompasses all instances where two or more parties communicate using different lects (languages, dialects), and a third party facilitates or enhances communication. Approaching MMC can involve sociological or technological perspectives, but the ever-evolving cultural dynamics and technology landscape render these approaches complex and volatile. A cognitive approach assumes that mental processes are similar across humanity, so it allows researchers to reduce variables in empirical studies and generalize findings. Cognitive translation and interpreting studies encompass various schools of thought, with computational translatology being a prevalent one, drawing parallels between human cognition and computer processes. In contrast, cognitive translatology argues that thinking is not what we thought and that it is grounded in situated cognition, emphasizing the symbiotic relationship between the mind and the environment. It challenges the notion of translation as a mechanical process, exploring instead the interactive, multimodal and emergentist nature of both thhinking and communication.
Cognitive translatology has four primary goals: to train mediators efficiently, to improve working ways and conditions for professionals, to heighten product and communication quality, and to educate individuals on using machine translation tools and in comprehending the intricacies of MMC. Within cognitive translatology, language is approached both as a means of communication and as a cognitive tool. An understanding of the intricate interplay between language, culture, and cognition is essential for effective translation. Words do not possess inherent meanings; meaning are in the minds of people. Interpreting language is influenced by individual and collective understanding. Furthermore, culture isn't intrinsically tied to language but is a socially acquired, individual repository of knowledge. Translating, seen from this perspective, is a natural activity that is not learned but improved, with translators being more than language experts; they are professional communicators.
Tibón, Estudios traducológicos. ULPGC Ediciones., 2023
[English abstract below] Este libro es una guía sobre los aspectos cognitivos de la comunicación ... more [English abstract below] Este libro es una guía sobre los aspectos cognitivos de la comunicación multilectal mediada: la traducción, en sentido amplio. Es también una teoría científica y empírica particular dentro de los estudios cognitivos de la traducción e interpretación, la de la traductología cognitiva. El tratado se estructura en tres secciones, más un preámbulo que define conceptos básicos relacionados con el saber científico. También explica su base epistemológica, el realismo corporeizado. La primera sección relata la historia de los estudios cognitivos de la traducción y la interpretación: desde el desarrollo de la traducción automática y la revolución cognitiva, pasando por las investigaciones psicolingüísticas de la interpretación y la ciencia de la traducción, el arraigo del empirismo y la multidisciplinariedad, y la expansión y renovación metodológicas, hasta las perspectivas actuales, que se van acrisolando con el cambio de siglo. La segunda sección presenta la cognición situada y sus distintas tesis. Explica con sencillez el anclaje del pensamiento en el cuerpo y su integración con el entorno, al que se extiende y con el que enactúa e interactúa. También deslinda cómo encajan las emociones y nuestra capacidad de predecir, y cierra cubriendo la cognición social, la cognición distribuida y la relación entre humanos y máquinas. La tercera sección define el objeto de estudio y las metas de la traductología cognitiva, explora el concepto de significado, la comunicación y la perspectiva interpersonal, y la naturaleza del lenguaje. El volumen cierra aclarando qué es traducir y cómo se aprende a hacerlo. Es un punto de encuentro entre la mente humana, el lenguaje y el cambiante mundo de la traducción.
This book, in Spanish, is a guide to the cognitive aspects of mediated multilectal communication— translation, in its broadest sense. It also lays out a concrete scientific and empirical theory withyin cognitive translation & interpreting studies, namely cognitive translatology. The volume is structured in three sections, plus a preamble that defines basic concepts related to scientific knowledge. It also explains the epistemological basis of the theory, embodied realism. The first section recounts the history of cognitive translation and interpreting studies—from the development of machine translation and the cognitive revolution, through psycholinguistic research in interpreting and the science of translation, the entrenchment of empiricism and multidisciplinarity, and methodological expansion and renewal, to current perspectives. The second section presents situated cognition and its basic, distinctive theses: It explains in plain and simple words how thinking is anchored in the body, how it interacts with and extends to the environment, how it actually enacts cognition. It also unpacks how emotions and our ability to predict fit together, and closes by covering social cognition, distributed cognition, and the relationship between humans and machines. The third section defines the object of study and the goals of cognitive translatology, explores the concept of meaning, communication and the interpersonal perspective (as opposed to interlinguistic and intercultural), and the nature of language. The volume closes by defining translation, what it means to learn how to translate. The book is thus is a meeting point between the human mind, language and the changing world of translation.
Hermes, 2023
The results of a quasi-experimental, intra-subject study are reported on the effects of the use o... more The results of a quasi-experimental, intra-subject study are reported on the effects of the use of SmarTerp on physiological stress levels of twelve second-year students of the MA in Interpreting at the University of Bologna during a simultaneous interpreting task. The study, part of a broader project, explores the rendition of terminological units, proper names, and numbers and its correlation with stress levels, to provide insights into SmarTerp's practical usefulness in the field. Physiological stress levels were measured through heart rate and heart-rate variability indicators with Empatica E4 wristbands. Participants took part in three data-collection sessions over a month. In sessions 1 and 3 the participants interpreted two speeches, one with SmarTerp and another one without it. Descriptive findings hinted at a potential stressalleviating effect of interpreting with SmarTerp, especially when interpreting into a second language. However, all inferential statistical results consistently revealed non-significant outcomes. Furthermore, stress levels did not decrease significantly over time when using SmarTerp. While the non-significant reduction in stress may cast doubt on the tool's efficacy, the complexity and multiple variables influencing stress in interpreting tasks should be factored in. SmarTerp may serve its primary purpose in aiding accurate rendition of terminological units, proper names, and numbers.
The Interpreters' Newsletter, 2022
Physiological indicators of stress such as galvanic skin response, cortisol, and heart rate are g... more Physiological indicators of stress such as galvanic skin response, cortisol, and heart rate are gathering momentum in Cognitive Translation and Interpreting Studies. Heart-rate variability (HRV) is gaining ground as a possibly reliable indicator of stress for tasks that do not involve physical activity. However, using electrocardiography and photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors in research involves following methodological guidelines to prevent negative impacts on data. We performed an observational, exploratory study on HRV in onsite vs. remote interpreting with interpreters (n = 5) with no experience in remote interpreting. Data was collected with Empatica E4 wristbands, which use PPG sensors to measure heart rate variability. We report results, yet our focus is the methodological issues derived from using heart rate (HR) and HRV as indicators of stress that we encountered both at data collection and in the analysis. We will formulate methodological recommendations regarding HR, HRV and (1) the characteristics and size of the sample; (2) the structuring of data collection sessions; (3) the selection of stimuli; (4) its relationship with other variables; (5) the selection of heart-related indicators; and (6) statistical analysis.
Tradumatica, 2022
This little piece summarizes the changes in translators’ work from the 1990s as a tribute to the... more This little piece summarizes the changes in translators’ work from the 1990s as a tribute to the Revista Tradumàtica on its 20th anniversary. No surprises: text processing, the Internet as a source for information, the use of CAT tools and neural MT, and changes in the market and labor relations stand out as the prominent features that have changed (or not) in the last 30 years
Re-Thinking Translator Education. In Honour of Don Kiraly, 2022
We extend and adapt some of Don Kiraly's social constructivist proposals to the training of inter... more We extend and adapt some of Don Kiraly's social constructivist proposals to the training of interpreters in remote settings
50 years later. What have we learnt after Holmes (1972) and where are we now?, 2022
An analysis of the development of CTIS from its starting point as a research realm within MT and ... more An analysis of the development of CTIS from its starting point as a research realm within MT and psycholinguistics through a discipline within linguistics to a multidisciplinary endeavor —where humanities, through comparative literature, firtst converged and later became hegemonic—that still holds the original Holmes' notion of an empirical discipline cutting accross a few social sciences.
Translation & Interpreting 14 (2), 2022
The Task Segment Framework (TSF) is a tool to analyze full typing flows
of translation tasks as ... more The Task Segment Framework (TSF) is a tool to analyze full typing flows
of translation tasks as keylogged with timestamps recorded for keydown, keyup,
mouse clicks and moves, and actions performed in other applications. The TSF
assumes that intentional pauses flag stretches where subjects concentrate on
unrecorded cognitive processes such as planning and assessment. The interspersed
typing stretches are task segments, with or without text, where basic subtasks may be
observed, mainly adding new text, changing existing text, and searching for
information. Accumulated experience and planning allow translators to lump
strategically similar activities together, in order to spare efforts and task switching
costs while maximizing efficiency. Hence, task segments may contain activities of
just one such subtask or many. Translation fluency is a key notion of the TSF,
operationalized through many indicators such as typing speed, prior pause length, TS
(task segment) length in events, text length as full words, number of typos and respites (=mid inter-keystroke intervals), subtask(s), and the like. The approach seems
particularly sensitive to translation expertise levels and may be applied with
variations to other multilectal mediated communication tasks. This article lays down
the conceptual basis of the TSF and summarizes its basic notions and constructs.
JosTrans 38, 2022
The aims of this article are twofold: to challenge views on translation as problem solving in Cog... more The aims of this article are twofold: to challenge views on translation as problem solving in Cognitive Translation and Interpreting Studies (CTIS), and to outline an alternative approach that calls for tapping and investigating the whole translation process-and not (only) problem solving. We first offer a review of the concepts of problem and problem solving in psychology. Second, we discuss several approaches to problem and problem solving in translation and outline the conceptual troubles of these models. We then focus on the operationalisations of translation problem-solving constructs and discuss how the traditional use of pauses as an indicator of problem-solving stances in translation is troublesome. Finally, we outline an alternative approach to translation as problem-solving from a cognitive-translatological perspective. We approach translation as a type of constrained production of texts led by creative imitation. The overarching constraint is the existence of one or several source texts to which an intertextual relationship of identity is assumed. Such a shift in perspective, we contend, calls for an updated research agenda in CTIS based on considering the whole translation process instead of solely focusing on problem solving, along the lines laid down by cognitive translatology, a situated cognition framework within CTIS.
Encyclopedia of Translation & Interpreting, 2022
ENTI is an open encyclopedia on translation and interpreting studies (TIS), fostered by AIETI. Th... more ENTI is an open encyclopedia on translation and interpreting studies (TIS), fostered by AIETI. This innovative project is open-access, international, multilingual, multimedia, rigorous, scalable and constantly in-the-making, as explained in detail in our Mission statement. ENTI is published under license CC BY-NC 4.0.
With some 80 entries and 100 authors, the first ENTI edition was launched in 2022, under the supervision of Javier Franco Aixelá & Ricardo Muñoz Martín, with the collaboration of Carla Botella Tejera as editorial coordinator. This project has no end date and is rather intended to continue over time, with biennial enlargements geared to provide an ever more comprehensive and topical coverage of the very broad field of TIS, in as many languages and perspectives as possible.
The Routledge Handbook of Translation and Methodology , 2022
Translation process research (TPR) is an atheoretical label used to describe research within cogn... more Translation process research (TPR) is an atheoretical label used to describe research within cognitive translation and interpreting studies (CTIS) devoted to the study of the cognition involved in multilingual mediated communication with written source texts. Research methods are a pivotal issue in TPR, where researchers’ main aim is to develop rigorous, reliable methods to access the evidence of the workings of translators’ minds. Moreover, the drive in TPR for advancing fast and catching up with the pace of other cognitive science disciplines has resulted in a profusion of research topics, data coding, and tools. This chapter provides a snapshot of research methodology in TPR with an eye to identifying limitations, challenges, and opportunities for improvement. After introducing some basic notions related to quantitative and qualitative research, it focuses on three key types of research in TPR: quasi experimental, observational, and the cognitive research of texts. Each type is briefly contextualized and defined in relation to the theoretical paradigm it adheres to, its contexts of application and topics, and the data collection and analysis methods most frequently employed. Core results and critical issues are also discussed. The chapter closes with a few recommendations for practice.
Contesting Epistemologies in Cognitive Translation and Interpreting Studies, 2021
In this chapter, we contend that cognitive translation & interpreting studies (CTIS) is an applie... more In this chapter, we contend that cognitive translation & interpreting studies (CTIS) is an applied science because it employs the scientific method to study a socially defined object. We further argue that applied sciences share some traits, not only in their ways and goals, but also in their structure and the ways they evolve. We will thus compare CTIS in some respects to another
Advances in Cognitive Translation Studies, 2021
We are witnessing exciting advances in cognitive translation studies (CTS), which has become an e... more We are witnessing exciting advances in cognitive translation studies (CTS), which has become an established area within translation studies. CTS boasts today an increasing number of researchers, diversified approaches to cognition and an expanded list of research topics. CTS-themed international conference series are contributing to the constant advances in this area in the new decade. Hence the title of this volume. In the first part of this introduction, we present a short history of the development of this area that, in a way, frames the introductions to each chapter in its second part by offering a wider perspective. Based on the “invisible college” thesis on the growth of scientific knowledge, our historical sketch is structured around CTS's emergence, early development, reckoning, rapid rise, and gradual diversification. As this book gets out of press, we emerge from a Covid-ridden year, and our CTS scientific community has paradoxically become more and better interconnected worldwide.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction: One More Step Forward—Cognitive Translation Studies at the Start of a New Decade - Sanjun Sun, Ricardo Muñoz Martín, Defeng Li
2. Spillover Effects in Task-Segment Switching: A Study of Translation Subtasks as Behavioral Categories Within the Task Segment Framework - Ricardo Muñoz Martín, Matthias Apfelthaler
3. Situated Translators: Cognitive Load and the Role of Emotions - Andrea Hunziker Heeb, Caroline Lehr, Maureen Ehrensberger-Dow
4. Measuring the User Experience of Computer-Aided Translation Systems: A Comparative Study - Sanjun Sun
5. Bridging Paradigms to Approach Expertise in Cognitive Translation Studies - Fabio Alves, Igor A. Lourenço da Silva
6. Translation Competence Revisited: Toward a Pedagogical Model of Translation Competence - Zhihong Yang, Defeng Li
7. The Effort Models of Interpreting as a Didactic Construct - Daniel Gile
8. Temporal Eye-Voice Span as a Dynamic Indicator for Cognitive Effort During Speech Processing: A Comparative Study of Reading Aloud and Sight Translation - Hao Zhou, Yu Weng, Binghan Zheng
9. Eye Tracking Uncertainty Management in Sight Translation: Differences Between Professional and Novice Interpreters - Yan He, Jiayi Wang
10. The Impact of Directionality on Cognitive Patterns in the Translation of Metaphors - Yifang Wang
Advances in Cognitive Translation Studies, 2021
The Task Segment Framework (TSF) is a systematic approach to the description and analysis of whol... more The Task Segment Framework (TSF) is a systematic approach to the description and analysis of whole translation processes as keylogged that portrays translating as a metacognitively controlled activity steered by the translator. The TSF suggests that adding new text, changing existing copy, and online searching qualify as subtasks with psychological reality in that they are behavioral bundles with their own set of rules and palette of behaviors. As experience is accumulated, translators will tend to devote task segments to such single sub tasks to be more efficient, to avoid unnecessary higher mental loads derived from maintaining more than one set and palette active at once. Using a wide variety of informants and texts, this research project sought to determine whether there are forward task-switching (spillover) effects, which would be a proof of such psychological reality. Three indicators were used, (1) the length of the previous pause chunking the task flow into task segments; and (2) the interkeystroke intervals (IKIs) and (3) the dwell time of the five first keypresses. The results of all three indicators attest for task switching effects and hence suggest that the translation subtasks in the TSF have psychological reality. Additional results point to IKI and dwell time rebound values that might be related to expertise but also with the smooth transition between chained typing motor programs.
This book presents some of the latest theoretical and empirical advances in cognitive translation... more This book presents some of the latest theoretical and empirical advances in cognitive translation & interpreting studies. It involves the modes of interpreting, translation, sight translation, and computer-aided translation. Some chapters propose a new analytical framework for studying keylogged translation processes, a framework that aims to reconcile a sociological and a psychological (Ericsson's) approach for studying expertise in translation, and a pedagogical model of translation competence. Other chapters expand the investigation of cognitive processes by considering the role of emotional factors, reviews, and develops the effort models of interpreting as a didactic construct. The empirical studies in this book revolve around cognitive load and effort; they explore the influences of text factors (e.g., metaphors, complex lexical items, directionality) while taking into account translator factors and evaluate the user experience of computer-aided translation tools.
Handbook of Translation Studies, vol 5, 2021
In order to grasp complex wholes, like the solar system, scientists formulate simplified idealiza... more In order to grasp complex wholes, like the solar system, scientists formulate simplified idealizations or models* for them. Scientific models represent such complex wholes to different degrees, but they will only work if (we believe that) there is some correspondence with their counterparts in the world. Such correspondence need not be based on physical or structural resemblance. Scientists may strip away everything they do not deem essential for their interests, or even introduce deliberate distortions they can control and correct later on. Models only need to fit empirical data. A scientific model entails a particular view on reality, a set of assumptions, tentative constructs and (often implicitly restricted) goals. Many systems, like the human cognitive system, can be modelled in different ways, often for different purposes. We may also use metaphors and analogies as models or as shorthand for other models, like "atoms look like solar systems" or "the human mind is a computer". When several models exist for one and the same object of study, they may become integrated or compete, transitorily or until one supersedes another. We may also adopt epistemic pluralism-not relativism-and use a model to study one part of the system, and another one for a different part or for the whole. Situated cognition is a model to study the workings of the mind/brain. It is considered to be an alternative to the mind-as-computer, information-processing model of cognition, which was prevalent in computing, linguistics, psychology and the philosophy of mind before the 21 st century and is still advocated by some. These models-information-processing and situated cognition-sustain what seem to be mutually exclusive principles, tenets and views on the nature and workings of perception, memory, thought, language, understanding, the very architecture and components of our cognitive system (such as the mental lexicon) and, crucially, its relationship with the world. These models of cognition are important because they form the basis of all cognitive approaches* to translation. The informationprocessing model informed most cognitive endeavors in Translation Studies. Situated approaches, such as Cognitive Translatology (Muñoz 2010), are now on the rise. Two notes of caution are called for. First, cognition may be situated to different degrees. Abstract thinking (e.g., considering time or society) maybe less situated than thinking while playing ping-pong. Non-situated cognition is possible, but also the exception-just in some forms of Artificial Intelligence, when you also think that thinking is what they do. Second, situated cognition is an umbrella term for a set of empirically supported rejoinders to the information-processing model that are linked by family resemblances. It covers theoretical positions describing cognition as embodied, embedded, extended, and enactive, and also dynamical, distributed, and affective. These positions share a view of cognition as emerging in situ from the interaction with the body and the environment. Rather than swallowing the autonomous, internal symbol-processing approach, situated cognition argues that neither physical nor sociocultural aspects can be factored out when studying mental processes.
语言、翻译与认知 [Studies in Language, Communication & Cognition], 2021
Over the past 15 years, we have seen a steady growth of research in Cognitive Translation & Inter... more Over the past 15 years, we have seen a steady growth of research in Cognitive Translation & Interpreting Studies (CTIS). One of the paradigms within CTIS, Cognitive Translatology (CT), draws from Situated Cognition and already is an alternative to traditional views on the interface between brain, mind and diverse forms of multilectal mediated communication. One decade after the original presentation of the CT framework, this article aims to clarify and update the notions introduced there. First, the article elaborates on prerequisite concepts such as inter-textuality, meaning, language, and communication from cognitive translatological perspectives. Second, it reviews the nature of translations and translating and presents a précis on CT's disciplinary basics, such as the object of study, research methods and future directions. Altogether, we hope to contribute to dispelling misunderstandings and answer some recurrent questions on the theoretical edifice of Cognitive Translatology.
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Publications by Ricardo Muñoz Martín
Cognitive translatology has four primary goals: to train mediators efficiently, to improve working ways and conditions for professionals, to heighten product and communication quality, and to educate individuals on using machine translation tools and in comprehending the intricacies of MMC. Within cognitive translatology, language is approached both as a means of communication and as a cognitive tool. An understanding of the intricate interplay between language, culture, and cognition is essential for effective translation. Words do not possess inherent meanings; meaning are in the minds of people. Interpreting language is influenced by individual and collective understanding. Furthermore, culture isn't intrinsically tied to language but is a socially acquired, individual repository of knowledge. Translating, seen from this perspective, is a natural activity that is not learned but improved, with translators being more than language experts; they are professional communicators.
This book, in Spanish, is a guide to the cognitive aspects of mediated multilectal communication— translation, in its broadest sense. It also lays out a concrete scientific and empirical theory withyin cognitive translation & interpreting studies, namely cognitive translatology. The volume is structured in three sections, plus a preamble that defines basic concepts related to scientific knowledge. It also explains the epistemological basis of the theory, embodied realism. The first section recounts the history of cognitive translation and interpreting studies—from the development of machine translation and the cognitive revolution, through psycholinguistic research in interpreting and the science of translation, the entrenchment of empiricism and multidisciplinarity, and methodological expansion and renewal, to current perspectives. The second section presents situated cognition and its basic, distinctive theses: It explains in plain and simple words how thinking is anchored in the body, how it interacts with and extends to the environment, how it actually enacts cognition. It also unpacks how emotions and our ability to predict fit together, and closes by covering social cognition, distributed cognition, and the relationship between humans and machines. The third section defines the object of study and the goals of cognitive translatology, explores the concept of meaning, communication and the interpersonal perspective (as opposed to interlinguistic and intercultural), and the nature of language. The volume closes by defining translation, what it means to learn how to translate. The book is thus is a meeting point between the human mind, language and the changing world of translation.
of translation tasks as keylogged with timestamps recorded for keydown, keyup,
mouse clicks and moves, and actions performed in other applications. The TSF
assumes that intentional pauses flag stretches where subjects concentrate on
unrecorded cognitive processes such as planning and assessment. The interspersed
typing stretches are task segments, with or without text, where basic subtasks may be
observed, mainly adding new text, changing existing text, and searching for
information. Accumulated experience and planning allow translators to lump
strategically similar activities together, in order to spare efforts and task switching
costs while maximizing efficiency. Hence, task segments may contain activities of
just one such subtask or many. Translation fluency is a key notion of the TSF,
operationalized through many indicators such as typing speed, prior pause length, TS
(task segment) length in events, text length as full words, number of typos and respites (=mid inter-keystroke intervals), subtask(s), and the like. The approach seems
particularly sensitive to translation expertise levels and may be applied with
variations to other multilectal mediated communication tasks. This article lays down
the conceptual basis of the TSF and summarizes its basic notions and constructs.
With some 80 entries and 100 authors, the first ENTI edition was launched in 2022, under the supervision of Javier Franco Aixelá & Ricardo Muñoz Martín, with the collaboration of Carla Botella Tejera as editorial coordinator. This project has no end date and is rather intended to continue over time, with biennial enlargements geared to provide an ever more comprehensive and topical coverage of the very broad field of TIS, in as many languages and perspectives as possible.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction: One More Step Forward—Cognitive Translation Studies at the Start of a New Decade - Sanjun Sun, Ricardo Muñoz Martín, Defeng Li
2. Spillover Effects in Task-Segment Switching: A Study of Translation Subtasks as Behavioral Categories Within the Task Segment Framework - Ricardo Muñoz Martín, Matthias Apfelthaler
3. Situated Translators: Cognitive Load and the Role of Emotions - Andrea Hunziker Heeb, Caroline Lehr, Maureen Ehrensberger-Dow
4. Measuring the User Experience of Computer-Aided Translation Systems: A Comparative Study - Sanjun Sun
5. Bridging Paradigms to Approach Expertise in Cognitive Translation Studies - Fabio Alves, Igor A. Lourenço da Silva
6. Translation Competence Revisited: Toward a Pedagogical Model of Translation Competence - Zhihong Yang, Defeng Li
7. The Effort Models of Interpreting as a Didactic Construct - Daniel Gile
8. Temporal Eye-Voice Span as a Dynamic Indicator for Cognitive Effort During Speech Processing: A Comparative Study of Reading Aloud and Sight Translation - Hao Zhou, Yu Weng, Binghan Zheng
9. Eye Tracking Uncertainty Management in Sight Translation: Differences Between Professional and Novice Interpreters - Yan He, Jiayi Wang
10. The Impact of Directionality on Cognitive Patterns in the Translation of Metaphors - Yifang Wang
Cognitive translatology has four primary goals: to train mediators efficiently, to improve working ways and conditions for professionals, to heighten product and communication quality, and to educate individuals on using machine translation tools and in comprehending the intricacies of MMC. Within cognitive translatology, language is approached both as a means of communication and as a cognitive tool. An understanding of the intricate interplay between language, culture, and cognition is essential for effective translation. Words do not possess inherent meanings; meaning are in the minds of people. Interpreting language is influenced by individual and collective understanding. Furthermore, culture isn't intrinsically tied to language but is a socially acquired, individual repository of knowledge. Translating, seen from this perspective, is a natural activity that is not learned but improved, with translators being more than language experts; they are professional communicators.
This book, in Spanish, is a guide to the cognitive aspects of mediated multilectal communication— translation, in its broadest sense. It also lays out a concrete scientific and empirical theory withyin cognitive translation & interpreting studies, namely cognitive translatology. The volume is structured in three sections, plus a preamble that defines basic concepts related to scientific knowledge. It also explains the epistemological basis of the theory, embodied realism. The first section recounts the history of cognitive translation and interpreting studies—from the development of machine translation and the cognitive revolution, through psycholinguistic research in interpreting and the science of translation, the entrenchment of empiricism and multidisciplinarity, and methodological expansion and renewal, to current perspectives. The second section presents situated cognition and its basic, distinctive theses: It explains in plain and simple words how thinking is anchored in the body, how it interacts with and extends to the environment, how it actually enacts cognition. It also unpacks how emotions and our ability to predict fit together, and closes by covering social cognition, distributed cognition, and the relationship between humans and machines. The third section defines the object of study and the goals of cognitive translatology, explores the concept of meaning, communication and the interpersonal perspective (as opposed to interlinguistic and intercultural), and the nature of language. The volume closes by defining translation, what it means to learn how to translate. The book is thus is a meeting point between the human mind, language and the changing world of translation.
of translation tasks as keylogged with timestamps recorded for keydown, keyup,
mouse clicks and moves, and actions performed in other applications. The TSF
assumes that intentional pauses flag stretches where subjects concentrate on
unrecorded cognitive processes such as planning and assessment. The interspersed
typing stretches are task segments, with or without text, where basic subtasks may be
observed, mainly adding new text, changing existing text, and searching for
information. Accumulated experience and planning allow translators to lump
strategically similar activities together, in order to spare efforts and task switching
costs while maximizing efficiency. Hence, task segments may contain activities of
just one such subtask or many. Translation fluency is a key notion of the TSF,
operationalized through many indicators such as typing speed, prior pause length, TS
(task segment) length in events, text length as full words, number of typos and respites (=mid inter-keystroke intervals), subtask(s), and the like. The approach seems
particularly sensitive to translation expertise levels and may be applied with
variations to other multilectal mediated communication tasks. This article lays down
the conceptual basis of the TSF and summarizes its basic notions and constructs.
With some 80 entries and 100 authors, the first ENTI edition was launched in 2022, under the supervision of Javier Franco Aixelá & Ricardo Muñoz Martín, with the collaboration of Carla Botella Tejera as editorial coordinator. This project has no end date and is rather intended to continue over time, with biennial enlargements geared to provide an ever more comprehensive and topical coverage of the very broad field of TIS, in as many languages and perspectives as possible.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction: One More Step Forward—Cognitive Translation Studies at the Start of a New Decade - Sanjun Sun, Ricardo Muñoz Martín, Defeng Li
2. Spillover Effects in Task-Segment Switching: A Study of Translation Subtasks as Behavioral Categories Within the Task Segment Framework - Ricardo Muñoz Martín, Matthias Apfelthaler
3. Situated Translators: Cognitive Load and the Role of Emotions - Andrea Hunziker Heeb, Caroline Lehr, Maureen Ehrensberger-Dow
4. Measuring the User Experience of Computer-Aided Translation Systems: A Comparative Study - Sanjun Sun
5. Bridging Paradigms to Approach Expertise in Cognitive Translation Studies - Fabio Alves, Igor A. Lourenço da Silva
6. Translation Competence Revisited: Toward a Pedagogical Model of Translation Competence - Zhihong Yang, Defeng Li
7. The Effort Models of Interpreting as a Didactic Construct - Daniel Gile
8. Temporal Eye-Voice Span as a Dynamic Indicator for Cognitive Effort During Speech Processing: A Comparative Study of Reading Aloud and Sight Translation - Hao Zhou, Yu Weng, Binghan Zheng
9. Eye Tracking Uncertainty Management in Sight Translation: Differences Between Professional and Novice Interpreters - Yan He, Jiayi Wang
10. The Impact of Directionality on Cognitive Patterns in the Translation of Metaphors - Yifang Wang
Both the EST25 panel #29 and the special issue focus on the nature and operationalization of key constructs and indicators in empirical quantitative and qualitative research, whether in established data collection methods or emerging research paradigms.
EST25 Submission instructions
Please follow the congress guidelines to submit your proposal by 26 July 2024 using the online form available at https://app.oxfordabstracts.com/stages/6903/submitter
Applicants will be notified of the outcome by 25 October 2024.
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Perspectives submission instructions
The call for the journal is available at https://think.taylorandfrancis.com/special_issues/perspectives-multimethod-research-in-cognitive-translation-and-interpreting-studies-constructs-indicators/
Drafts should not exceed 8,000 words, including tables, figures, notes, and references, and must be in English. Please send your full manuscript to all the guest editors at [email protected]; [email protected]; and [email protected] by 15th of April, 2025. Kindly ensure you adhere to the comprehensive style guidelines outlined in the journal Perspectives.
Schedule
15 April 2025: submission of full papers
1 October 2025: end of peer review
1 February 2026: submission of the final versions
December 2026: publication date
A new journal for Cognitive Translation Studies
Editor: Ricardo Muñoz Martín
Consulting Editor: Gregory M. Shreve
More information at benjamins.com/catalog/tcb
Questions? Write to [email protected]
Issue 1:1 out on March 2018
Papers welcome all year round
The video recording of this interview is available on the connexions Vimeo channel at https://vimeo.com/115348382
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