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Mario A Rios

Universidad de los Andes (Colombia), Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica, Faculty Member

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Prof. Rios is an electrical engineer (1991) and M.Sc. in electrical engineering (1992) both from Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia. He has a Ph.D. Degree in electrical engineering from both INPG-LEG (1998), France and Universidad de Los Andes (1998). Currently, he is Full Professor at the Department of Electrical Engineering at School of Engineering at Universidad de Los Andes (Bogotá, Colombia).
He worked at Consultoría Colombiana S.A. as design enginner (1991-1995) and Project Manager (2000-2005). Also, he was a research associate at University of Manchester (formerly UMIST, 1998-1999).
Phone: +5713394949
Address: Cra 1 No. 18A-10

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Papers by Mario A Rios

Technical cross-fertilization between terrestrial microgrids and ship power systems

Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy, 2015

Aspects of terrestrial microgrids and ship power systems are examined. The work exposes a variety... more Aspects of terrestrial microgrids and ship power systems are examined. The work exposes a variety of technical synergies from these two power systems to effectively advance their technologies. Understanding their overlap allows congruent efforts to target both systems; understanding their differences hinders conflict and redundancy in early-stage design. The paper concludes by highlighting how an understanding of both systems can reduce the investment in research resources.

Uncertainty model for rate of change of frequency analysis with high renewable energy participation

International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE)

Large-scale integration of inverter-based renewables is displacing synchronous machine generation... more Large-scale integration of inverter-based renewables is displacing synchronous machine generation, causing a reduction in the inertia of electrical power systems. This reduction is reflected in an increase in the rate of change of frequency (RoCoF). Additionally, the variation of the RoCoF will depend on the uncertainty associated with the generation of non-conventional renewable energy sources. For the planning of the operation of the system, it is essential to know the range of variation of the RoCoF when there are disturbances in the system and uncertainties in the generation of non-conventional sources of renewable energy. This paper proposes to establish the calculation of a confidence interval of the RoCoF variation that considers these uncertainties. So, this paper proposes a method to consider these uncertainties based on the probabilistic point estimate method (PEM); considering multiple renewable non-conventional sources with correlated or uncorrelated behavior in their po...

Probabilistic Analysis of the Loadability of a Transmission System with High Participation of Non-Conventional Renewable Energy Sources

2022 IEEE PES Generation, Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition – Latin America (IEEE PES GTD Latin America)

IEC 61850-9-2 based module for state estimation in co-simulated power grids

International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE)

This paper presents a research context on the virtualization of phasor measurement units (PMUs) a... more This paper presents a research context on the virtualization of phasor measurement units (PMUs) and real-time power grids simulation with state estimation. In this research, real-time simulation is introduced to use powerful features for validating state estimation solutions with PMUs. Virtual and online measurement equipment are reviewed in this manuscript to develop an innovative integration of the OpenPMU incorporated with a real-time simulation power grid and additional virtualized PMUs. The implementation of the platform has useful features within the infrastructure that allows the user to reproduce a detailed modeled power grid with simulation software. The use of real-time simulation tools brings several possibilities for improving testing and prototype assessment with higher precision in different applications. In this case, 2 tests power systems are evaluated by realistic integration of IEC61850-9-2 data utilization to observe the performance of a customized state estimatio...

IEC 61850-9-2 based module for state estimation in co-simulated power grids

by International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), Mario A Rios, Jaime Forero, and Andres Moreno-Jaramillo

International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), 2023

This paper presents a research context on the virtualization of phasor measurement units (PMUs) a... more This paper presents a research context on the virtualization of phasor measurement units (PMUs) and real-time power grids simulation with state estimation. In this research, real-time simulation is introduced to use powerful features for validating state estimation solutions with PMUs. Virtual and online measurement equipment are reviewed in this manuscript to develop an innovative integration of the OpenPMU incorporated with a real-time simulation power grid and additional virtualized PMUs. The implementation of the platform has useful features within the infrastructure that allows the user to reproduce a detailed modeled power grid with simulation software. The use of real-time simulation tools brings several possibilities for improving testing and prototype assessment with higher precision in different applications. In this case, 2 tests power systems are evaluated by realistic integration of IEC61850-9-2 data utilization to observe the performance of a customized state estimation approach. The study implements a versatile methodology for commissioning OpenPMU devices, interacting simultaneously with additional virtual PMUs within the same simulation through sampled values (SV) to validate the measurement frames and assess the estimation with the generated data. Finally, the proposed work identifies the potential of virtualizing PMUs and the features of the OpenPMU applied to state estimation in conjunction with real-time simulation data

CONEXIÓN ÓPTIMA DE SUBESTACIONES DE TRACCIÓN (SETM) AL SISTEMA DE DISTRIBUCIÓN POR TEORÍA DE GRAFOS

Scientia et Technica, 2011

Optimal connection of traction substations (SETM) to the distribution system by graph theory RESU... more Optimal connection of traction substations (SETM) to the distribution system by graph theory RESUMEN El presente documento determina las demandas de las subestaciones rectificadoras y las metodologías para los esquemas de conexión entre ellas y las subestaciones reductoras de AT/MT requeridas para la integración de un operador férreo al operador de red. PALABRAS CLAVES: Contingencia, carga máxima coincidente, regulación de

Computation of Required Reactive Power Support of WPP in Systems with High Wind Generation

International Review of Electrical Engineering (IREE), 2020

This paper presents a methodology to determine the adequate percentage of reactive power compensa... more This paper presents a methodology to determine the adequate percentage of reactive power compensation required to provide an appropriate voltage support and mitigate the impact caused by the massive installation of Wind Power Plants (WPP) in a power system. Mainly, the impact in the system's loadability and the improvement achieved by installing several STATCOM to provide reactive compensation are measured through a probabilistic loadability margin that considers the intermittent behavior of the wind. In addition, the point estimate method is applied to give a stochastic characteristic to the analysis and to determine the statistical mean and standard deviation that are key values to identify the impact of WPP and the necessary reactive supply. This methodology is implemented in the IEEE New England test system (39 Bus) by comparing the statistical mean of loadability margin between an initial case and multiple cases considering different participation percentages of WPP (between 9% to 33%) and different percentages of reactive power compensation injected (between 15% to 75%) under normal operation conditions and considering N-1 contingency scenarios.

Minimal Operation Costs OPF for HVDC Grids

2020 IEEE ANDESCON, 2020

HVDC links has been proposed due to the lack of feasibility, of traditional AC transmission syste... more HVDC links has been proposed due to the lack of feasibility, of traditional AC transmission systems, to transport great amounts of power in systems with large physical connections. SuperGrids are one of the applications of these HVDC connections, where it must consider, not only the AC-DC conversions, but the DC power flow of the multiple nodes connected with the DC voltage. SuperGrids also have the purpose of interconnecting different countries with some independent sources and loads found in remotes places. Thus, the grid may enable an electrical market that must be moderated by an independent operator. This operator must guarantee the maximization of the global benefit of all parts, and this constitutes an economic dispatch problem. Thus, this paper proposes a methodology of assignation the optimal parameters of generators and converters that minimizes the total production cost of electrical energy. This approach solves the economic dispatch problem in a HVDC Grid taking into account the security restrictions of both AC-DC systems. The methodology is validated using the DC grid test-system benchmark provided by CIGRÉ. The algorithm was tested in not only different cost scenarios, but also different constraints conditions.

Performance Comparison of Voltage Control Strategies of VSC-HVDC Grids

2019 IEEE Workshop on Power Electronics and Power Quality Applications (PEPQA), 2019

Voltage source converters (VSC) based HVDC grids are a secure alternative for power transmission ... more Voltage source converters (VSC) based HVDC grids are a secure alternative for power transmission in the electric regional integration of many countries around the world, and the integration of renewable sources. The main objective of this paper is to compare the dynamic performance of three modes of control of VSC stations the voltage control methods “Control margin voltage” and “Droop control voltage” to show that the droop voltage control strategy has better results than the voltage margin control strategy. The performance of these controllers is evaluated by means of a perturbation on a VSC station that consists of outage of the negative pole over the bipolar converter station in the DC subsystem DSC3 of the CIGRE DC Grid benchmark test system. The dynamic simulation allows conclude that using a strategic voltage control like margin control voltage is possible have a better level of voltage and active power in the lines DC, the establishment time of the system is 6s. The droop control voltage with acceptable levels of voltage and active power can be faster, stabilizing the system at 1s.

Spinning reserve computation for a power system with WPG using Point-Estimate Methods

2015 IEEE Eindhoven PowerTech, 2015

This paper proposes a methodology for computing the spinning reserve spinning reserve for a power... more This paper proposes a methodology for computing the spinning reserve spinning reserve for a power system with a high penetration of wind power generation. The methodology uses a Point Estimate Method in order to calculate a Unit Commitment with several stochastic variables, including demand and wind forecast for a given day. Additionally, the model considers the expected energy not served calculated from a Monte Carlo simulation. The methodology was tested on the IEEE RTS 96, where a replacement of 600 MW of conventional generation for 600 MW of wind power generation was made. The results show a significant increase on the expected value of the spinning reserve when wind power generation is integrated to the system. In addition, it is possible to estimate all the descriptive statistics for the spinning reserve.

Transient Simulations for HVDC Transmission Lines

International Review on Modelling and Simulations (IREMOS), 2015

A comprehensive methodology for transient studies of HVDC lines for interconnected AC power syste... more A comprehensive methodology for transient studies of HVDC lines for interconnected AC power systems is proposed as a useful tool for its design and operation. This methodology is based on frequency dependent modelling of HVDC transmission lines and a full modelling of their associated equipment in order to do transient simulations. The model is useful to carry studies of transient overvoltages produced by energization and de-energization, faults in the DC link and AC near systems, lightning and faults at both sides AC and DC. This model is useful for HVDC interconnections between systems without AC interconnections. This methodology is used to model a Colombia-Panama HVDC system interconnection selected as the case of study. Based on the obtained model, different transient phenomena were simulated: line switching transients, transients due to fault conditions and due to lightning surges. The results are also presented in this paper.

Conversion Of Hvac Lines Into Hvdc In Transmission Expansion Planning

by Juan Pablo Novoa and Mario A Rios

This paper presents a transmission planning methodology that considers the conversion of HVAC tra... more This paper presents a transmission planning methodology that considers the conversion of HVAC transmission lines to HVDC as an alternative of expansion of power systems, as a consequence of restrictions for the construction of new lines. The transmission expansion planning problem formulates an optimization problem that minimizes the total cost that includes the investment cost to convert lines from HVAC to HVDC and possible required reinforcements of the power system prior to the conversion. The costs analysis assesses the impact of the conversion on the reliability because transmission lines are out of service during the conversion work. The presented methodology is applied to a test system considering a planning a horizon of 10 years.

Analysis of DC Faults into Hybrid HVAC/HVDC Systems

2021 IEEE 22nd Workshop on Control and Modelling of Power Electronics (COMPEL), 2021

Heuristic remedial actions in the reliability assessment of high voltage direct current networks

International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), 2021

Planning of high voltage direct current (HVDC) grids requires inclusion of reliability assessment... more Planning of high voltage direct current (HVDC) grids requires inclusion of reliability assessment of alternatives under study. This paper proposes a methodology to evaluate the adequacy of voltage source converter/VSC-HVDC networks. The methodology analyses the performance of the system using N-1 and N-2 contingencies in order to detect weaknesses in the DC network and evaluates two types of remedial actions to keep the entire system under the acceptable operating limits. The remedial actions are applied when a violation of these limits on the DC system occurs; those include topology changes in the network and adjustments of power settings of VSC converter stations. The CIGRE B4 DC grid test system is used for evaluating the reliability/adequacy performance by means of the proposed methodology in this paper. The proposed remedial actions are effective for all contingencies; then, numerical results are as expected. This work is useful for planning and operation of grids based on VSC-...

Bulk power system availability assessment with multiple wind power plants

International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2021

The use of renewable non-conventional energy sources, as wind electric power energy and photovolt... more The use of renewable non-conventional energy sources, as wind electric power energy and photovoltaic solar energy, has introduced uncertainties in the performance of bulk power systems. The power system availability has been employed as a useful tool for planning power systems; however, traditional methodologies model generation units as a component with two states: in service or out of service. Nevertheless, this model is not useful to model wind power plants for availability assessment of the power system. This paper used a statistical representation to model the uncertainty of power injection of wind power plants based on the central moments: mean value, variance, skewness and kurtosis. In addition, this paper proposed an availability assessment methodology based on application of this statistical model, and based on the 2m+1 point estimate method the availability assessment is performed. The methodology was tested on the IEEE-RTS assuming the connection of two wind power plants ...

Interconnection viability of high demand isolated area through a HVDC-VSC link

Electrically isolated areas are separated by a great distance and, normally, have a considerably ... more Electrically isolated areas are separated by a great distance and, normally, have a considerably low demand; in consequence, these are non-interconnected from the main power grid or electrical national transmission systems. Great distance and low demand are the reasons why an interconnection project in high voltage AC is not feasible in most of these cases. Nevertheless, there are some isolated areas with high power demand and even though they are separated from the main grid by large distances and hard terrains; however, it is still reasonable to think about an interconnection project. This paper had developed a methodology that allows the evaluation of viability, technically and economically, of a HDVC-VSC interconnection project for great distance and high demand considering overhead and/or underground DC line. The methodology was applied to a case of study in Peru, based on the projected interconnection between Moyobamba and the isolated area of Iquitos; showing that HVDC is a f...

Planning multi-terminal direct current grids based graphs theory

International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), 2021

Transmission expansion planning in AC power systems is well known and employs a variety of optimi... more Transmission expansion planning in AC power systems is well known and employs a variety of optimization techniques and methodologies that have been used in recent years. By contrast, the planning of HVDC systems is a new matter for the interconnection of large power systems, and the interconnection of renewable sources in power systems. Although the HVDC systems has evolved, the first implementations were made considering only the needs of transmission of large quantities of power to be connected to the bulk AC power system. However, for the future development of HVDC systems, meshed or not, each AC system must be flexible to allow the expansion of these for future conditions. Hence, a first step for planning HVDC grids is the planning and development of multi-terminal direct current (MTDC) systems which will be later transformed in a meshed system. This paper presented a methodology that use graph theory for planning MTDC grids and for the selection of connection buses of the MTDC ...

Indices de estabilidad de voltaje en definición de Ranking de Contingencias

by Oscar Gomez and Mario A Rios

INDICES DE ESTABILIDAD DE VOLTAJE EN DEFINICIÓN DE "RANKING" DE CONTINGENCIAS Voltage Stability I... more INDICES DE ESTABILIDAD DE VOLTAJE EN DEFINICIÓN DE "RANKING" DE CONTINGENCIAS Voltage Stability Indexes for Contingencies Ranking RESUMEN Varios tipos de índices de estabilidad de voltaje han sido propuestos para el análisis de este fenómeno y, a la vez, alrededor de ellos se han propuesto métodos de ordenamiento de las contingencias para establecer las que son críticas en un Sistema de Potencia. Un grupo de estos índices se conocen como índices físicos dado que su cálculo se fundamenta en características de la red. Este artículo compara algunas de estas metodologías propuestas, resaltando el ordenamiento de contingencias para evaluación de la estabilidad de voltaje. Las metodologías son implementadas en Matlab y probadas en el sistema IEEE de 118 nodos. PALABRAS CLAVES: Estabilidad de voltaje, índices de seguridad de voltaje, ordenamiento de contingencias, selección de contingencias.

Methodology and Design of an Adaptive overcurrent protection for Distribution Power Systems with DG

In this paper we present the design of an Adaptive overcurrent protection for Distribution Power ... more In this paper we present the design of an Adaptive overcurrent protection for Distribution Power Systems with penetration of Distributed Generation, based in a proposed methodology. The methodology takes into account typical protection schemes, normative, general protection requirements, protections coordination and distributed generation impact to protection system, and its applicable to planning systems or for existing systems initially without DG. This work apply a part of IEEE 13 nodes Radial Distribution test Feeder, to study the impact of Distributed Generation to the protection system, apply and prove the proposed design methodology.

Planning a Latin America SuperGrid: A First Approach

2018 IEEE ANDESCON, 2018

This paper proposes a methodology for the long-term integration of Latin American electrical powe... more This paper proposes a methodology for the long-term integration of Latin American electrical power systems through a SuperGrid, using VSC-HVDC technology. The methodology proposes an optimization of the investment cost of the HVDC grid in order to size the necessary transport capacity of the HVDC grid. The optimization is carried out in two stages, the first one applies differential evolution methods for the optimization of the HVDC network for given generation scenarios defined according to weather conditions. The second stage consists of the application of the Pareto optimum evaluating the performance of each one of the suboptimal solutions obtained in the previous stage in the different weather scenarios, based on technical and economic indicators. The technical performance of the HVDC grid is evaluated, in both stages of the optimization process, by means of load flows of the DC Grid. Finally, the methodology proposed and the tools developed are used in the formulation of a firs...

Technical cross-fertilization between terrestrial microgrids and ship power systems

Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy, 2015

Aspects of terrestrial microgrids and ship power systems are examined. The work exposes a variety... more Aspects of terrestrial microgrids and ship power systems are examined. The work exposes a variety of technical synergies from these two power systems to effectively advance their technologies. Understanding their overlap allows congruent efforts to target both systems; understanding their differences hinders conflict and redundancy in early-stage design. The paper concludes by highlighting how an understanding of both systems can reduce the investment in research resources.

Uncertainty model for rate of change of frequency analysis with high renewable energy participation

International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE)

Large-scale integration of inverter-based renewables is displacing synchronous machine generation... more Large-scale integration of inverter-based renewables is displacing synchronous machine generation, causing a reduction in the inertia of electrical power systems. This reduction is reflected in an increase in the rate of change of frequency (RoCoF). Additionally, the variation of the RoCoF will depend on the uncertainty associated with the generation of non-conventional renewable energy sources. For the planning of the operation of the system, it is essential to know the range of variation of the RoCoF when there are disturbances in the system and uncertainties in the generation of non-conventional sources of renewable energy. This paper proposes to establish the calculation of a confidence interval of the RoCoF variation that considers these uncertainties. So, this paper proposes a method to consider these uncertainties based on the probabilistic point estimate method (PEM); considering multiple renewable non-conventional sources with correlated or uncorrelated behavior in their po...

Probabilistic Analysis of the Loadability of a Transmission System with High Participation of Non-Conventional Renewable Energy Sources

2022 IEEE PES Generation, Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition – Latin America (IEEE PES GTD Latin America)

IEC 61850-9-2 based module for state estimation in co-simulated power grids

International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE)

This paper presents a research context on the virtualization of phasor measurement units (PMUs) a... more This paper presents a research context on the virtualization of phasor measurement units (PMUs) and real-time power grids simulation with state estimation. In this research, real-time simulation is introduced to use powerful features for validating state estimation solutions with PMUs. Virtual and online measurement equipment are reviewed in this manuscript to develop an innovative integration of the OpenPMU incorporated with a real-time simulation power grid and additional virtualized PMUs. The implementation of the platform has useful features within the infrastructure that allows the user to reproduce a detailed modeled power grid with simulation software. The use of real-time simulation tools brings several possibilities for improving testing and prototype assessment with higher precision in different applications. In this case, 2 tests power systems are evaluated by realistic integration of IEC61850-9-2 data utilization to observe the performance of a customized state estimatio...

IEC 61850-9-2 based module for state estimation in co-simulated power grids

by International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), Mario A Rios, Jaime Forero, and Andres Moreno-Jaramillo

International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), 2023

This paper presents a research context on the virtualization of phasor measurement units (PMUs) a... more This paper presents a research context on the virtualization of phasor measurement units (PMUs) and real-time power grids simulation with state estimation. In this research, real-time simulation is introduced to use powerful features for validating state estimation solutions with PMUs. Virtual and online measurement equipment are reviewed in this manuscript to develop an innovative integration of the OpenPMU incorporated with a real-time simulation power grid and additional virtualized PMUs. The implementation of the platform has useful features within the infrastructure that allows the user to reproduce a detailed modeled power grid with simulation software. The use of real-time simulation tools brings several possibilities for improving testing and prototype assessment with higher precision in different applications. In this case, 2 tests power systems are evaluated by realistic integration of IEC61850-9-2 data utilization to observe the performance of a customized state estimation approach. The study implements a versatile methodology for commissioning OpenPMU devices, interacting simultaneously with additional virtual PMUs within the same simulation through sampled values (SV) to validate the measurement frames and assess the estimation with the generated data. Finally, the proposed work identifies the potential of virtualizing PMUs and the features of the OpenPMU applied to state estimation in conjunction with real-time simulation data

CONEXIÓN ÓPTIMA DE SUBESTACIONES DE TRACCIÓN (SETM) AL SISTEMA DE DISTRIBUCIÓN POR TEORÍA DE GRAFOS

Scientia et Technica, 2011

Optimal connection of traction substations (SETM) to the distribution system by graph theory RESU... more Optimal connection of traction substations (SETM) to the distribution system by graph theory RESUMEN El presente documento determina las demandas de las subestaciones rectificadoras y las metodologías para los esquemas de conexión entre ellas y las subestaciones reductoras de AT/MT requeridas para la integración de un operador férreo al operador de red. PALABRAS CLAVES: Contingencia, carga máxima coincidente, regulación de

Computation of Required Reactive Power Support of WPP in Systems with High Wind Generation

International Review of Electrical Engineering (IREE), 2020

This paper presents a methodology to determine the adequate percentage of reactive power compensa... more This paper presents a methodology to determine the adequate percentage of reactive power compensation required to provide an appropriate voltage support and mitigate the impact caused by the massive installation of Wind Power Plants (WPP) in a power system. Mainly, the impact in the system's loadability and the improvement achieved by installing several STATCOM to provide reactive compensation are measured through a probabilistic loadability margin that considers the intermittent behavior of the wind. In addition, the point estimate method is applied to give a stochastic characteristic to the analysis and to determine the statistical mean and standard deviation that are key values to identify the impact of WPP and the necessary reactive supply. This methodology is implemented in the IEEE New England test system (39 Bus) by comparing the statistical mean of loadability margin between an initial case and multiple cases considering different participation percentages of WPP (between 9% to 33%) and different percentages of reactive power compensation injected (between 15% to 75%) under normal operation conditions and considering N-1 contingency scenarios.

Minimal Operation Costs OPF for HVDC Grids

2020 IEEE ANDESCON, 2020

HVDC links has been proposed due to the lack of feasibility, of traditional AC transmission syste... more HVDC links has been proposed due to the lack of feasibility, of traditional AC transmission systems, to transport great amounts of power in systems with large physical connections. SuperGrids are one of the applications of these HVDC connections, where it must consider, not only the AC-DC conversions, but the DC power flow of the multiple nodes connected with the DC voltage. SuperGrids also have the purpose of interconnecting different countries with some independent sources and loads found in remotes places. Thus, the grid may enable an electrical market that must be moderated by an independent operator. This operator must guarantee the maximization of the global benefit of all parts, and this constitutes an economic dispatch problem. Thus, this paper proposes a methodology of assignation the optimal parameters of generators and converters that minimizes the total production cost of electrical energy. This approach solves the economic dispatch problem in a HVDC Grid taking into account the security restrictions of both AC-DC systems. The methodology is validated using the DC grid test-system benchmark provided by CIGRÉ. The algorithm was tested in not only different cost scenarios, but also different constraints conditions.

Performance Comparison of Voltage Control Strategies of VSC-HVDC Grids

2019 IEEE Workshop on Power Electronics and Power Quality Applications (PEPQA), 2019

Voltage source converters (VSC) based HVDC grids are a secure alternative for power transmission ... more Voltage source converters (VSC) based HVDC grids are a secure alternative for power transmission in the electric regional integration of many countries around the world, and the integration of renewable sources. The main objective of this paper is to compare the dynamic performance of three modes of control of VSC stations the voltage control methods “Control margin voltage” and “Droop control voltage” to show that the droop voltage control strategy has better results than the voltage margin control strategy. The performance of these controllers is evaluated by means of a perturbation on a VSC station that consists of outage of the negative pole over the bipolar converter station in the DC subsystem DSC3 of the CIGRE DC Grid benchmark test system. The dynamic simulation allows conclude that using a strategic voltage control like margin control voltage is possible have a better level of voltage and active power in the lines DC, the establishment time of the system is 6s. The droop control voltage with acceptable levels of voltage and active power can be faster, stabilizing the system at 1s.

Spinning reserve computation for a power system with WPG using Point-Estimate Methods

2015 IEEE Eindhoven PowerTech, 2015

This paper proposes a methodology for computing the spinning reserve spinning reserve for a power... more This paper proposes a methodology for computing the spinning reserve spinning reserve for a power system with a high penetration of wind power generation. The methodology uses a Point Estimate Method in order to calculate a Unit Commitment with several stochastic variables, including demand and wind forecast for a given day. Additionally, the model considers the expected energy not served calculated from a Monte Carlo simulation. The methodology was tested on the IEEE RTS 96, where a replacement of 600 MW of conventional generation for 600 MW of wind power generation was made. The results show a significant increase on the expected value of the spinning reserve when wind power generation is integrated to the system. In addition, it is possible to estimate all the descriptive statistics for the spinning reserve.

Transient Simulations for HVDC Transmission Lines

International Review on Modelling and Simulations (IREMOS), 2015

A comprehensive methodology for transient studies of HVDC lines for interconnected AC power syste... more A comprehensive methodology for transient studies of HVDC lines for interconnected AC power systems is proposed as a useful tool for its design and operation. This methodology is based on frequency dependent modelling of HVDC transmission lines and a full modelling of their associated equipment in order to do transient simulations. The model is useful to carry studies of transient overvoltages produced by energization and de-energization, faults in the DC link and AC near systems, lightning and faults at both sides AC and DC. This model is useful for HVDC interconnections between systems without AC interconnections. This methodology is used to model a Colombia-Panama HVDC system interconnection selected as the case of study. Based on the obtained model, different transient phenomena were simulated: line switching transients, transients due to fault conditions and due to lightning surges. The results are also presented in this paper.

Conversion Of Hvac Lines Into Hvdc In Transmission Expansion Planning

by Juan Pablo Novoa and Mario A Rios

This paper presents a transmission planning methodology that considers the conversion of HVAC tra... more This paper presents a transmission planning methodology that considers the conversion of HVAC transmission lines to HVDC as an alternative of expansion of power systems, as a consequence of restrictions for the construction of new lines. The transmission expansion planning problem formulates an optimization problem that minimizes the total cost that includes the investment cost to convert lines from HVAC to HVDC and possible required reinforcements of the power system prior to the conversion. The costs analysis assesses the impact of the conversion on the reliability because transmission lines are out of service during the conversion work. The presented methodology is applied to a test system considering a planning a horizon of 10 years.

Analysis of DC Faults into Hybrid HVAC/HVDC Systems

2021 IEEE 22nd Workshop on Control and Modelling of Power Electronics (COMPEL), 2021

Heuristic remedial actions in the reliability assessment of high voltage direct current networks

International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), 2021

Planning of high voltage direct current (HVDC) grids requires inclusion of reliability assessment... more Planning of high voltage direct current (HVDC) grids requires inclusion of reliability assessment of alternatives under study. This paper proposes a methodology to evaluate the adequacy of voltage source converter/VSC-HVDC networks. The methodology analyses the performance of the system using N-1 and N-2 contingencies in order to detect weaknesses in the DC network and evaluates two types of remedial actions to keep the entire system under the acceptable operating limits. The remedial actions are applied when a violation of these limits on the DC system occurs; those include topology changes in the network and adjustments of power settings of VSC converter stations. The CIGRE B4 DC grid test system is used for evaluating the reliability/adequacy performance by means of the proposed methodology in this paper. The proposed remedial actions are effective for all contingencies; then, numerical results are as expected. This work is useful for planning and operation of grids based on VSC-...

Bulk power system availability assessment with multiple wind power plants

International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2021

The use of renewable non-conventional energy sources, as wind electric power energy and photovolt... more The use of renewable non-conventional energy sources, as wind electric power energy and photovoltaic solar energy, has introduced uncertainties in the performance of bulk power systems. The power system availability has been employed as a useful tool for planning power systems; however, traditional methodologies model generation units as a component with two states: in service or out of service. Nevertheless, this model is not useful to model wind power plants for availability assessment of the power system. This paper used a statistical representation to model the uncertainty of power injection of wind power plants based on the central moments: mean value, variance, skewness and kurtosis. In addition, this paper proposed an availability assessment methodology based on application of this statistical model, and based on the 2m+1 point estimate method the availability assessment is performed. The methodology was tested on the IEEE-RTS assuming the connection of two wind power plants ...

Interconnection viability of high demand isolated area through a HVDC-VSC link

Electrically isolated areas are separated by a great distance and, normally, have a considerably ... more Electrically isolated areas are separated by a great distance and, normally, have a considerably low demand; in consequence, these are non-interconnected from the main power grid or electrical national transmission systems. Great distance and low demand are the reasons why an interconnection project in high voltage AC is not feasible in most of these cases. Nevertheless, there are some isolated areas with high power demand and even though they are separated from the main grid by large distances and hard terrains; however, it is still reasonable to think about an interconnection project. This paper had developed a methodology that allows the evaluation of viability, technically and economically, of a HDVC-VSC interconnection project for great distance and high demand considering overhead and/or underground DC line. The methodology was applied to a case of study in Peru, based on the projected interconnection between Moyobamba and the isolated area of Iquitos; showing that HVDC is a f...

Planning multi-terminal direct current grids based graphs theory

International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), 2021

Transmission expansion planning in AC power systems is well known and employs a variety of optimi... more Transmission expansion planning in AC power systems is well known and employs a variety of optimization techniques and methodologies that have been used in recent years. By contrast, the planning of HVDC systems is a new matter for the interconnection of large power systems, and the interconnection of renewable sources in power systems. Although the HVDC systems has evolved, the first implementations were made considering only the needs of transmission of large quantities of power to be connected to the bulk AC power system. However, for the future development of HVDC systems, meshed or not, each AC system must be flexible to allow the expansion of these for future conditions. Hence, a first step for planning HVDC grids is the planning and development of multi-terminal direct current (MTDC) systems which will be later transformed in a meshed system. This paper presented a methodology that use graph theory for planning MTDC grids and for the selection of connection buses of the MTDC ...

Indices de estabilidad de voltaje en definición de Ranking de Contingencias

by Oscar Gomez and Mario A Rios

INDICES DE ESTABILIDAD DE VOLTAJE EN DEFINICIÓN DE "RANKING" DE CONTINGENCIAS Voltage Stability I... more INDICES DE ESTABILIDAD DE VOLTAJE EN DEFINICIÓN DE "RANKING" DE CONTINGENCIAS Voltage Stability Indexes for Contingencies Ranking RESUMEN Varios tipos de índices de estabilidad de voltaje han sido propuestos para el análisis de este fenómeno y, a la vez, alrededor de ellos se han propuesto métodos de ordenamiento de las contingencias para establecer las que son críticas en un Sistema de Potencia. Un grupo de estos índices se conocen como índices físicos dado que su cálculo se fundamenta en características de la red. Este artículo compara algunas de estas metodologías propuestas, resaltando el ordenamiento de contingencias para evaluación de la estabilidad de voltaje. Las metodologías son implementadas en Matlab y probadas en el sistema IEEE de 118 nodos. PALABRAS CLAVES: Estabilidad de voltaje, índices de seguridad de voltaje, ordenamiento de contingencias, selección de contingencias.

Methodology and Design of an Adaptive overcurrent protection for Distribution Power Systems with DG

In this paper we present the design of an Adaptive overcurrent protection for Distribution Power ... more In this paper we present the design of an Adaptive overcurrent protection for Distribution Power Systems with penetration of Distributed Generation, based in a proposed methodology. The methodology takes into account typical protection schemes, normative, general protection requirements, protections coordination and distributed generation impact to protection system, and its applicable to planning systems or for existing systems initially without DG. This work apply a part of IEEE 13 nodes Radial Distribution test Feeder, to study the impact of Distributed Generation to the protection system, apply and prove the proposed design methodology.

Planning a Latin America SuperGrid: A First Approach

2018 IEEE ANDESCON, 2018

This paper proposes a methodology for the long-term integration of Latin American electrical powe... more This paper proposes a methodology for the long-term integration of Latin American electrical power systems through a SuperGrid, using VSC-HVDC technology. The methodology proposes an optimization of the investment cost of the HVDC grid in order to size the necessary transport capacity of the HVDC grid. The optimization is carried out in two stages, the first one applies differential evolution methods for the optimization of the HVDC network for given generation scenarios defined according to weather conditions. The second stage consists of the application of the Pareto optimum evaluating the performance of each one of the suboptimal solutions obtained in the previous stage in the different weather scenarios, based on technical and economic indicators. The technical performance of the HVDC grid is evaluated, in both stages of the optimization process, by means of load flows of the DC Grid. Finally, the methodology proposed and the tools developed are used in the formulation of a firs...