Books by Evangelos Koumparoudis
Evangelos Koumparoudis offers a unique philosophical perspective on various aspects of medical pr... more Evangelos Koumparoudis offers a unique philosophical perspective on various aspects of medical practices in our post-consumerist society. Through an exploration of political philosophy, specifically the works of Lyotard, Baudrillard, Bauman, and Gungov, he sheds light on the ways in which meaning and sense are produced, and how mechanisms of manipulation are at play. By drawing upon phenomenology, hermeneutics, and post-structuralism, Koumparoudis offers a deeper understanding of these concepts. In addition to these philosophical approaches, he also explores the intersection of neuroscience and artificial intelligence with classical phenomenology, and presents formalizations through which being can attain exteriority. By examining Kuhn's ideas on paradigmatic shifts, Koumparoudis offers insights into the two models of medical reasoning: the biomedical and the humanistic. Moreover, Koumparoudis delves into the creation and management of Big Data in medicine, and discusses the need for molecular-based categorization. The author also explores the concept of patient safety as articulated by Gungov, and the interdisciplinary approach to medical sciences advocated by Schmid and Mambrini-Doudet. Through the lens of Levinas and Derrida, he examines the relationship between doctors and patients. The book concludes with an examination of the idea of new forms of embodiment as they relate to political philosophy and the posthumanist and transhumanist traditions. Overall, Koumparoudis provides a fresh and comprehensive analysis of medical practices that is sure to appeal to scholars and researchers across various fields.
https://www.ibidem.eu/en/reihen/kultur/studies-in-medical-philosophy/medicine-in-the-post-consumerist-society-a-philosophical-overview-9783838217659.html
Η πρώτη απόπειρά μου, πριν ακολουθήσω σπουδές στη φιλοσοφία, να βρω και να δώσω απαντήσεις στα ζ... more Η πρώτη απόπειρά μου, πριν ακολουθήσω σπουδές στη φιλοσοφία, να βρω και να δώσω απαντήσεις στα ζητήματα των καιρών μας. Φυσικά πρόκειται για πρωτόλεια προσπάθεια.
Drafts by Evangelos Koumparoudis
The final Draft of my MA thesis
In Statu Nascendi by Evangelos Koumparoudis
Ethics of AI and Robotics from a Non-Antropomorphic and Non-Zoomorphic Perspective , 2023
This paper examines the ethics of AI and Robotics (although today everything tends to be meshed u... more This paper examines the ethics of AI and Robotics (although today everything tends to be meshed up as AI ethics), from a non-anthropomorphic and zoomorphic perspective. The first term has a threefold meaning, firstly the fact that we approach other non-human entities starting from the fact that may have human characteristics, like shape, possibly face, cognition, speech, self-moving capacity, etc., therefore could act as moral agents. Secondly that humans tend to empathize with non-human entities mainly social robots used as companion pets, or in the care of the elderly, for sexual pleasure, etc., there are cases in which people react when for example someone tries to kick or harm a robot, or if we speak for sexual pleasure the empathetic relationship may turn to intimacy and even love. Thirdly that AI and robots are seen from an anthropocentric point of view, in which the human has the leading role and AI and robotics in under his servitude, equal to a slave. Zoomorphism has a double essence either it refers to the conception of social mainly robots as companion species, having characteristics similar to an animal or a pet, or as applications and machines used for exploitation (not as slaves) but in a way closer to the mass industry of domestic animals. In the first section we will deal with an overview of the ethical theories proposed for AI and robotics, deontological and utilitarian mainly after Luciano Floridi and J.W.Sanders, Sullins etc., In the second section we will expand the debate to medical AI ethics in which we will explore the above theories on an applied level mainly after Oliver Bendel, William Andrew Drust. In the third section we seek to unravel the issue of animality with zoomorphism of AI by analyzing the work of Jacques Derrida, Giorgio Agamben and Rosi Braidotti. In the fourth section we emphasize how we could surpass the ethical theories with an anthropomorphic (and anthropocentric) background as well as zoomorphic and propose an alternative that speaks for a possible vulnerability of AI and robotics and radical alterity after the work of Mark Coeckelbergh and Nicola Liberati and Shoji Nagataki etc., In the final section we will present and compare at least three theories these of Floridi’s Inforgs, Braidotti ‘’Life Itself’’ and J.Parvianinen and J.Turja abiozoomorphism, all these theories relate to either an expansion of the relation between the living and the machine in a place of mutual co-existence or underline the fact that the distinction between the living and the machine is still valid.
ssue 2023:1 of In Statu Nascendi comprises, amongst others, the following articles: · Ethics of A... more ssue 2023:1 of In Statu Nascendi comprises, amongst others, the following articles: · Ethics of AI and Robotics from an non Anthopomorphical and Zoomorphical Perspective · The Self and Mental Health Studies: A Postmodern Introduction · On the German Foreign Policy Sonderweg: The Mittellage and the Mitteleuropa · Gödel’s non-completeness theorems as hermeneutic questioning in Mathematics · Integrating Ontology in statu nascendi in the Main Currents of International Relations Theory Content analysis through text mining: an empirical approach of understanding international political integration theories in practice
This essay aims to present the various changes in our embodying experience shaped by the new info... more This essay aims to present the various changes in our embodying experience shaped by the new information, virtual, and robotic technologies, as well as their political and moral effect. The essay is also expanded to encapsulate the new conceptions in our approach upon bodily transformation, medicine, and sexuality, strongly interconnected with the above facts. Our analysis is structured in five different categories of embodiment or bodies: bodily governance, transforming bodies, virtual bodies, medical bodies and sexual bodies. The political impact is mainly given though the description of the forms of bodily governance, like personal and biometric data collection used for massive surveillance and as a measure for defining the "ideal'' standards of our social life. The possibilities provided by classical and 3D printed organ transplantation and the use of prosthetic and cosmetic surgeries, lead us to rethink our bodies as transforming or as being in a process of becoming. Our immersion in virtual environments and the use of avatars raise questions upon embodying and disembodying experiences and the formation of our identities in the virtual world. The dominant biomedical model seems to be challenged by more human-based approaches giving emphasis to the subjective narratives of the patient, consequently contributing to a more ethical and non-normative treatment of people with special needs and elder people. Furthermore, the use of robotics in the care of people with mobility or mental problems brings dilemmas in the human-machine interaction and the roles of caregivers, care receivers and robots. Finally after structuralism and poststructuralism, the natural-binary systems have been thoroughly criticized; this fact gave birth to feminist theories which consider gender to have been socially constructed, and the body and therefore the gendered body to be a disembodied prosthesis of information or as a fusion between machine and organism.
This paper aims at presenting the work of Artemis Papachristou, a young and promising architect a... more This paper aims at presenting the work of Artemis Papachristou, a young and promising architect and aesthetician, whose work has been internationally recognized by leading architects, writers, visual artists, and industrial designers; among them such world-recognized figures as Aristede Antonas and Karim Rashid. The structure of this paper has been chosen to present a smooth composition conveying much clearer patterns, forms, and periods in Papachristou's main work. This endeavour starts with an investigation of the most reoccurring themes of this artist's work, such as decontextualization, openness, exteriority, utopia, alienation, and nomadism as these are applied through her curatorial world-making practices. This analysis is followed by a chronological presentation of Papachristou's works combined with an analytical description of her unique creation process, described through the prism of the material selection, the forms, and the types of the artworks. Subsequently, this paper presents a more progressive way of presenting the genesis of new meanings, the signification, and an explanation of the most characteristic features of Papachristou's work. In this respect it aims at capturing how each artwork acts as a generator of meanings and signification for the other, and supplementing this analysis with applicable themes, paradigms, and concepts put forward by such thinkers like Derrida.
The last decade (2007-2017) has been anything but rewarding for Greece, for both its socio-politi... more The last decade (2007-2017) has been anything but rewarding for Greece, for both its socio-political development within the European Union and its geopolitical position in general. During this time, Greek people have been subjected to a prolonged period of economic austerity that had been imposed on them by the so-called troika-a group; formed by the European Commission (EC), the European Central Bank (ECB) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). In theory, the application of these measures, combined with the introduction of very harsh fiscal reforms, were supposed to put the Greek economy on the right track of development and sustainable growth, in a relatively short period. However, this expectation was not be met with reality as the consequences of the Global Financial System have resulted in a massive negative impact on the condition of the Greek economy. Also, contrary to the expectations of the country's new creditors, the combination of both the austerity measures and the monetary reforms have impacted the abilities of the state actor to intervene in the local economy. For decades, the Greek state who has been seen as a reliable actor keen to stimulate the local economy started being now very absent from the economic horizon and that in turn has created a massive vacuum on the economic condition of the entire country that strongly depended on the state actor. In turn, the atrophy of various functions of the Greek state, combined with the lack of the economic investment on the macro level, have resulted in the massive unemployment, depression and deterioration of the living conditions in virtually every single sphere of social life in Greece: from the state pension system to health system. The same austerity measures that were supposed to resolve the economic problem of this Southern European country have started being perceived in Athens as too-harsh, counter-productive, and discriminatory. Not to mention the fact that, within days, the masses of the ordinary Greeks had to adjust to the conditions of new reality of enforced transformation from their beloved welfare state into the wild west-type of the variety of capitalism, and accept an extreme deterioration of the living conditions.
First International Interdisciplinary Conference Friday, 11 th October 2019 -On Philosophy, 2019
This talk aims to present the various changes in our embodying experience shaped by the new infor... more This talk aims to present the various changes in our embodying experience shaped by the new information, virtual and robotic technologies, as well as their political and moral effect. The essay is also expanded to encapsulate the new conceptions in our approach upon bodily transformation, medicine and sexuality, strongly interconnected with the above facts. Our analysis is structured in five different categories of embodiment or bodies, bodily governance, transforming bodies, virtual bodies, medical bodies and sexual bodies. The political impact is mainly given though the description of the forms of bodily governance, like personal and biometric data collection used for massive surveillance and as a measure for defining the ‘’ideal’’ standards of our social life. The possibilities provided by classical and 3d printed organ transplantation, the use of prosthetic and cosmetic surgeries, lead us to rethink our bodies as transforming or as being in a process of becoming. Our immersion in virtual environments and the use of avatars raise questions upon embodying and dis-embodying experiences and the formation of our identities in the virtual world. The dominant biomedical model seems to be challenged by more human-based approaches giving emphasis on the subjective narratives of the patient, consequently contributing to a more ethical and non-normative treatment of people with special needs and elder people, furthermore the use of robotics in the care of people with mobility or mental problems brinks dilemmas in the human-machine interaction and the roles of care givers, care receivers and robots. Finally after structuralism and post-structuralism, the natural-binary systems have been thoroughly criticized; this fact gave birth of feminist theories which consider the gender as been socially constructed, the body and therefore the gendered body as a dis-embodied prosthesis of information or as a fusion between machine and organism.
Keywords: Information Society, Embodiment, Surveillance, Transforming Bodies, Virtual Reality, Human-Based Medicine, Sexuality
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XOlhy9gB5As&list=PLyo5w2V8bFKBpGLZjSM3v86QuFGrbeIH7&index=3
and
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zS4hHFc5A-o&list=PLyo5w2V8bFKBpGLZjSM3v86QuFGrbeIH7&index=4
Conference Presentations by Evangelos Koumparoudis
2o Διεθνές Συνέδριο Η Εκπαίδευση στην Εποχή της Τεχνητής Νοημοσύνης , 2024
Η Τεχνητή Νοημοσύνη αποτελεί ποιοτική αναβάθμιση της τεχνολογικής επανάστασης που επισυνέβη στον ... more Η Τεχνητή Νοημοσύνη αποτελεί ποιοτική αναβάθμιση της τεχνολογικής επανάστασης που επισυνέβη στον τομέα της πληροφορικής στις δεκαετίες του 1960-1970. Η χρήση της έχει εισαχθεί ήδη στην παραγωγή/εργασία και βαίνει αυξανόμενη, η ανάπτυξη των εφαρμογών της και η αναβάθμιση αυτών σε ολοένα και περισσότερα πεδία προχωρά με ραγδαίους ρυθμούς, ενώ στα επόμενα χρόνια πρόκειται να γενικευτεί και να μαζικοποιηθεί σε όλη την διάρθρωση και τις σφαίρες της κοινωνίας, όπως και στην εκπαίδευση που είναι το βασικό πεδίο αναπαραγωγής, παραγωγής και συγκρότησής της. Υπό το πρίσμα μιας Απελευθερωτικής Κριτικής Παιδαγωγικής, εντοπίζουμε την διαλεκτική σχέση μεταξύ επιστήμης/τεχνολογίας, εργασίας/γνώσης και εκπαίδευσης/παιδείας και τον μετασχηματισμό της κατά την νεωτερικότητα. Αναλύοντας αυτό το δίκτυο σχέσεων,εντοπίζουμε τις αντιφάσεις που συνεπάγεται η μαζική χρήση της Τ.Ν. στην εκπαίδευση στο παρόν και το κοντινό μέλλον και την βαθιά επίδραση που συνεπιφέρει σε όλα τα συστατικά στοιχεία και πλευρές της: στη διαδικασία, στη μέθοδο, στη σκοποθεσία της.
Αντιπαρέρχοντας τεχνοφοβικές και τεχνοφετιχιστικές απόψεις σχετικά με την Τ.Ν. στην εκπαίδευση και τον σύγχρονο κόσμο, υποστηρίζουμε πως η ευρεία χρήση της αναβαθμίζει με αντιφατικό τρόπο δομικά και ποιοτικά τον ρόλο της εκπαίδευσης/παιδείας. Αναδεικνύει πλέον επιτακτικά σε βασικό ζητούμενο της εκπαίδευσης την ικανότητα του/της μαθητή/τριας να αξιοποιεί, αλλά και να αντιμετωπίζει, τις δυνατότητες της Τ.Ν. με κοινωνικά ανθρωποκεντρικό τρόπο.Αυτό προϋποθέτει την καλλιέργεια και κατάκτηση – μέσω της παιδείας/εκπαίδευσης– αυθεντικών γνωστικών ικανοτήτων όπως η κριτική σκέψη, η επιστημονική και καλλιτεχνική δημιουργικότητα και φαντασία στην κατεύθυνση μιας απελευθερωτικήςκοινωνικής συνείδησης. Στην συνθήκη της γενίκευσης της Τ.Ν., αυτό καθίσταται πλέον αναγκαίο για το υποκείμενο (μαθητή/τρια ως μελλοντικό πολίτη/εργαζόμενο/η). Σε αντίθετη περίπτωση, θα σημάνει αδυναμία συμμετοχής και εγρήγορσης του υποκειμένου στη νέα πραγματικότητα, αυξημένη πραγμοποίησή του και μετατροπή του σε έρμαιο των δυνάμει καταπιεστικών και αλλοτριωτικών δυνατοτήτων της Τ.Ν. υπέρ της εξουσίας των κατόχων της.
Συμπερασματικά, υπό τις νέες αντικειμενικές συνθήκες που διαμορφώνει η Τ.Ν. στην κοινωνία και την εκπαίδευση προκύπτει ένα νέο πιο απαιτητικό όριο ουσιαστικού κριτικού εγγραμματισμού και κοινωνικής συνείδησης, το οποίο εκβάλλει στο εξής δίπολο:από την μία την ακόμα μεγαλύτερη κοινωνική αναπαραγωγή των ανισοτήτων και την εμπέδωση μιας μεταπολιτικής και μεταδημοκρατικής τεχνοκρατικοποίησης, και από την άλλη την προοπτική της κοινωνικής απελευθέρωσης.
Λέξεις-κλειδιά: Τεχνητή Νοημοσύνη, Απελευθερωτική Κριτική Παιδαγωγική, εκπαίδευση, κριτική σκέψη, τεχνοκρατικοποίηση
https://www.youtube.com/live/D1X1k4c3fzE
από 3:32:00 - 4:12:00
Doctor and Patient Relationship through the Philosophy of Derrida and Levinas , 2024
In this talk I will first present two basic models on doctor and patient relationship those of Th... more In this talk I will first present two basic models on doctor and patient relationship those of Thomas Szasz and Marc Hollender and the second by Ezekiel and Linda Emanuel. The first is a three part scheme, activity passivity, clinical guidance and mutual participation are the main conceptualizations of this scheme. Ezekiel and Emmanuel, outline four models of the doctor-patient inertaction. The first model is the paternalistic model. The second is the informative, the third is the interpretative and the last is the deliberative. After the presentation of these two models I will focus my attention to the philosophy of Jacques Derrida and Emmanuel Levinas. Derrida underlines the character of the decision which is always more than one-towards the two; our unspoken words in the second person imperative (come) expressed to the Other, attaining for his response in the temporality of that exact time of the decision following the ethics of floating. When it turns to medical praxis, we could keep this schema for cases in which the clinical data or facts have a bifid character, for example, in cases in which symptoms are similar. In a Levinasian perpective,the doctor as being hostage to the Other has to decide and act ethically, beyond any constitutive power or knowledge, but through speech and conversation, which demands the respect of the Other and a primordial rationality. The patient-doctor relation is “Other- me” and the doctor-patient relation is an attempt to be “me-Other”, but as the Other escapes from this relationship immediately and all the time, the doctor-patient relation tends to become me-he/she where he/she is the Third, but for the real doctor theme-he/she relation is not the goal, because the goal remains the impossible me-Other relation, which a good doctor strives for and aspires to ad infinitum.
Over the last decades, progress in medical technology such as fMRI provides us with neuroscientif... more Over the last decades, progress in medical technology such as fMRI provides us with neuroscientific models and theories on human brain function and consciousness. I will first present the models of Computational Neuroscience (Patricia Churchland et al., 1988), which conceive brain function in terms of the information-processing properties. I then question, if this theory promotes a form of neuro-reductionism that equates the brain with the mind, and leaves social and anthropological traits on the side, and also, complex phenomena like human behavior, mainly through Emily Martin, Steven Rose, Laurence J.Krimayer and Ian Gold. I will compare these models with the theory of Neuron Mirrors which could provide a more intersubjective view and asserts that the body-brain systems of two different individuals share a common function, and thus we have a “mirroring” or “simulation” of their respective brain areas (Rizzolatti et al., 1988, Gallese et al., 1996, 2001) and Antonio Damasio’s Somatic Feedback Theory which speaks about necessary participation of the body (Damasio et al., 2000). After these epistemological aspects, I will uncover a possible relation with a particular type of phenomenology, called speculative. A brief overview, of classical phenomenology, will be the transition to a non-correlational approach of our opening to the world which demands the participation of the body and brain as a whole. But this ‘’world’’ in our analysis is given with the term ‘’ Dehors’’, is a certain type of the confusing, the unknown, of the chaos which adopts formalizations and places being in restrictions, which may lead to a total collapse of the dialectics of a horizon, something I call ‘’asymvatotita’’.
POLITICS OF TECHNOLOGIES IN THE DIGITAL AGE, 2023
This talk aims to reveal the ethical dimensions of the current AI technologies over the last 10 y... more This talk aims to reveal the ethical dimensions of the current AI technologies over the last 10 years. It starts with the 2011 Mark Coeckelbergh paper: From Killer Machines to Doctrines and Swarms, or Why Ethics of Military Robotics Is not (Necessarily) About Robots, to emphasize his call for a new approach to technoethics of warfare. From that basis, I will explore the various tactics used in cyberattacks used from malicious purposes obfuscating medical data and more especially those of diagnostic imaging (Yisroel Mirsky et al. 2018), dragon-fly missile technologies (Troy Rummler, 2019) and vulnerabilities of the new-age drone (Rogers and Kurnetova, 2022), relocating the debate from swarms and AI to intelligent AI fusing e-health data, recent neuroscience and mitigation of autonomous-decision making. I will strive towards the ethical theory Neil C. Rowe (2022), and his propositions for ethical improvement of algorithms, such as the role humans can play, testing and explanation facilities (inference and planning). Finally, I will talk about the notions of Electronic Personhood, proposed by Sergio M. C. Avila Negri (2021), encapsulating not only the moral but also the legal dimensions of the technologies mentioned above and also touching upon the fact the legal debate tends to face an anthropomorphic fallacy. To conclude, Thou Shall not Kill, the highest ‘’Levinasian Imperative’’, to come back to the title may be an oxymoron for a killer machine, but the gap of the anthropomorphic fallacy could be overcome if our relation between the machines even killer could be Other-directed, so viewed as asymmetric, non-anthropomorphic and non-zoomorphic beyond any prevailing biotism (Koumparoudis, 2022).
Key words: Swarms, Intelligent AI, Testing, Electronic Personhood, Asymmetric AI Ethics
Εκδήλωση Shades Magazine: Η Φιλοσοφία της Ιστορίας και της Τέχνης του Walter Benjamin., 2021
Η ανάλυσή μας θα έχει ως κύριο κορμό τον φιλοσοφικό στοχασμό του W.Benjamin πάνω σε ζητήματα Θεωρ... more Η ανάλυσή μας θα έχει ως κύριο κορμό τον φιλοσοφικό στοχασμό του W.Benjamin πάνω σε ζητήματα Θεωρίας της Αισθητικής. Με βάση το παραπάνω θα γίνει κριτική αντιπαραβολή με τις θεωρήσεις των Τ.Adorno και H.Marcuse. Θα επιχειρήσουμε να αναδείξουμε κατά πόσο υπάρχει μία κεντρική σύγκλιση μεταξύ των τριών, η οποία αφορά το ρόλο της τέχνης ως προοπτική κοινωνικής χειραφέτησης, το ρόλο που επιτελεί όπως συνυφαίνεται με το πολιτικό και τη μαζική κουλτούρα, σε ένα ιστορικό πλαίσιο που χαρακτηρίζεται από την πτώση του κλασικού φιλελευθερισμού και την άνοδο του εθνικοσοσιαλισμού. Επίσης, θα γίνει ειδική μνεία στα στοιχεία που καθόρισαν την αισθητική φιλοσοφία του W.Benjamin όπως ο μαρξισμός, η φιλοσοφία της γλώσσας , η πρόσληψη της ιουδαϊκής μυθολογίας (κυρίως της Καβαλιστικής), καθώς και στη σχέση του με το Σουρεαλισμό, αποκωδικοποιώντας την έννοια της Aura. Αναφορικά με τον T.Adorno, θα δοθεί έμφαση στις καταβολές, οι οποίες σχετίζονται με μία ευρύτερη κριτική πάνω στο πνεύμα του Διαφωτισμού και πώς αυτές αντανακλούν στην φιλοσοφία του, με ειδικότερη αναφορά στην «Αισθητική Θεωρία» και την επίδραση που είχε ο W.Benjamin στο έργο αυτό. Τέλος, σε σχέση με τον H.Marcuse, θα αναδείξουμε πώς το πολιτικό και αισθητικό με τη μεσολάβηση της Φροϋδικής ψυχανάλυσης προσδοκούν σε ένα πρόταγμα ουτοπικής απελευθέρωσης της κοινωνίας. Όλα τα παραπάνω θα έρθουν σε επικοινωνία με τα καλλιτεχνικά ρεύματα που επηρέασαν τους συγγραφείς όπως ο ρομαντισμός, ο εξπρεσιονισμός, ο σουρεαλισμός, καθώς και μορφές τέχνης όπως η μουσική, ο κινηματογράφος και η φωτογραφία, αλλά και τεχνικές αναπαραγωγής όπως π.χ. η λιθογραφία.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QdwhqVDS5t0&list=PLyo5w2V8bFKBpGLZjSM3v86QuFGrbeIH7
Engaging The Contemporary: Confronting Ethics, Malta University , 2022
AI from automated and semi automated processes of diagnostics, up to Electoronic Health Records a... more AI from automated and semi automated processes of diagnostics, up to Electoronic Health Records and the bioinformatics of omic revolution, reformulated the current medical practice. From the other part robotics, are used in a greater extent in telemedicine, as well as in the care of elder and disabled people, even for sexual pleasure (Bendel 2014). In this talk, we would like to strive the attention not only to the practical ethical issues of privacy, consent and possible quantification of the self, concerning the medical AI, but to seek and explore how ethical theories form ‘’top down’’ models (utilitarian and deontological ethics) to ‘’bottom up’’ (case-base reasoning) and mixed were established on a basis of an anthropomorphism (Van Rysewyk and Pontier 2014, Sellers et.al. 2020). The basic assumption is that either AI or robotics through their technological traits could imitate human cognition, speech even emotions, therefore could act as moral agents when they interact with human, even more crucially when we speak about medical interventions and care (Hartman,Siegert,Prylipko 2014). This kind of anthropomorphism in a manner equates human and non human entities on an ontological level and leaves no place for a possible alterity. New theories on robo ethics, mainly belonging to the phenomenological tradition pose the issue of a possible vulnerability of AI and robotics, trying to relocate the ethical debate form the human to machine ethics, in a context of co-existence openness and dwelling (Toivakainen 2015, Liberati and Nagataki 2018). Furthermore, after Donna Harraway’s Cyborg Manifesto, there is a great concern about the fusion of human and machine but this conceptualization starts from the relation between human and domestic animals and is expanded to robots. Parviainen and Turja 2021, in order to break out with this prevailing biotism and the ethics based in this relation; propose the novel concept of abiozoomorphism, showing that the distinction between living and non living entities is still valid. To sum up, ethics of AI and robo ethics in medical care, could be seen from a more broad perspective which does not start from an anthropomorphic and zoomorphic view, but gives place to a more holistic and asymmetrical ethics of mutual co-existing.
Les répercussions des données massives pour la médecine Le mardi 3 décembre , Amphithéâtre Chasle... more Les répercussions des données massives pour la médecine Le mardi 3 décembre , Amphithéâtre Chasles nous aurons le plaisir d'accueillir Evangelos Koumparoudis, doctorant du département de Logique, Ethique et Esthétique de l'Université de Sofia. Il nous présentera son exposé sur « Les répercussions des données massives pour la médecine ».
International Conference Cornelius Castoriadis: 1922-2022 One Hundred Υears since the Birth of the Philosopher of Autonom, 2022
Η ομιλία θα έχει ως σημείο έναρξης και άξονα την οντολογία. Θα τεθεί η απόπειρα του Καστοριάδη κα... more Η ομιλία θα έχει ως σημείο έναρξης και άξονα την οντολογία. Θα τεθεί η απόπειρα του Καστοριάδη και Χάιντεγκερ να αναζητήσουν τις πρώτες αρχές στους προσωκρατικούς. Ως ex nihilo παραγωγή ριζικού φαντασιακού ο πρώτος ερχόμενος σε ρήξη με τον κλασικό μαρξισμό και ως Λόγο - λογισμό ο δεύτερος μετά τη στροφή ή πιο πρώιμα στο Είναι και Χρόνος, ως απόπειρα ανασυγκρότησης της όντο-θεολογίας (Σκώτος, Ακινιάτης). Το φαντασιακό λέγειν και τεύχειν θα συγκριθεί με την τεχνική ως φορείς κατανόησης του υποκειμένου. Το πως δηλαδή στην πρώτη περίπτωση είναι δυνατή η θέσμιση μέσω των μαγμάτων και του κοινωνικού φαντασιακού, ενώ στη δεύτερη ως πιθανότητα του ίδιου του είναι στον ορίζοντα του χρόνου ή στον ύστερο Χάιντεγκερ ως συν-είναι, μέριμνα και αγάπη. Με βάση την οντολογική διάκριση, θα προχωρήσουμε στη σύγκριση των πολιτικών προταγμάτων των δύο. Ο Καστοριάδης θέτει ξεκάθαρα το αίτημα για μία αυτόνομη και ρητή αυτοθέσμιση της κοινωνίας, ενώ ο Χάιντεγκερ εμμένει σε ένα μία έμμεση πολιτική διάσταση στη φιλοσοφία του που περιορίζεται στον υπαρξισμό, στις αυθεντικές σχέσεις που οφείλει να δομήσει το Dasein σε σύγκριση με "τους πολλούς" Das Man. Επιπρόσθετα, ενώ ο Καστοριάδης παραμένει στον ευρύτερο χώρο της αριστεράς και συμμετέχει με τις θεωρητικές εργασίες του Σοσιαλισμός η Βαρβαρότητα στις ζυμώσεις του Μάη του 68, ο Χάιντεγκερ ασπάζεται τις ιδέες του εθνικοσοσιαλισμού στη Γερμανία και μάλιστα αναλαμβάνει και θεσμικές θέσεις και ρόλο. Βέβαια η σκέψη του Χάιντεγκερ, μετέπειτα επηρεάζει φαινομενολόγους, δομιστές και μεταδομιστές που παρήγαγαν πιο ριζοσπαστική πολιτική θεωρία σε σχέση με τον ίδιο. Η ομιλία θα επεκταθεί στο σήμερα, γιατί η φιλοσοφία των δύο μπορεί να φωτίσει σημεία του τεχνοκρατικού πολιτισμού και της κοινωνίας της πληροφορίας, εν μέσω πανδημίας; Πώς μια μορφογένεση μέσα στην προσομοίωση των κοινωνικών δικτύων ή μια οντολογική βίο-μέριμνα είναι ικανή να παράσχει ερμηνευτικά εργαλεία; Ποιο το ριζικό φαντασιακό του σήμερα και ποιο το συν-είναι;
« FOUNDATIONS OF RANDOMIZATION » WORKSHOP June 8th and 9th, 2021 Sorbonne University, 2021
After the first Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) in 1948 examining the effects of streptomycin i... more After the first Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) in 1948 examining the effects of streptomycin in pulmonary tuberculosis, a long way has been run placing RCTs as the ‘’gold standard’’ of evidence-based-medicine (EBM), as providing the ideal methodology for causal inference. This contribution first aims in providing a brief introductory outline of the various phases and classification of RCTs. Additionally, although EBM is defined as: ‘’the conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients’’ (Sackett, 1996) and has a great reliance on RCTs there are serious limitations both concerning the trials as themselves and the medical practice. Consequently, our second aim is to reveal these limitations, not from the standpoint of total nihilism and rethinking but from a critical view which can lead us in reducing biases and provide rigorous tools to examine cause-effect relationships between medical interventions and best outcomes. As to the clinical trials, an important issue is that of the unrepresentativeness of trial subjects. Well-structured clinical trials, in most cases, define their preconditions of participation (Lee et al., 2001). Secondly, long-term therapy can also affect the reliability of a trial (Rossello et al., 2015). Comorbidity also plays an important role. Comorbid patients usually are excluded from the clinical trials (Van Spall et al., 2007). Furthermore, there are cases in which physicians try to balance between statistical and clinical significance (MIAMI Trial Research Group, 2001). Finally, there is the issue of misleading results in clinical trials. Bias can occur from improper statistical analysis concerning the methods used for the trial and non-publication of important statistical results, mainly those referring to negative effects of a protocol or drug (Cartwright and Deaton, 2018, Cartwright, 2008, 2010, Deaton, 2010). In medical practice, there are two main biases on the role of clinical trials; the first is the bias of the easily measurable, the second is the bias in commissioned research (Desmond and Desmond, 2001). Considering the above limitations with more emphasis on medical practice, the third point of our intervention will be the examination of mechanistic reasoning as being sufficient for medical causation in lower and high-quality controlled studies revolving around the problem of masking (Howick, 2011, Wilde, 2021). Finally, we will strive towards the problem of undetermination and if auxiliary hypotheses are needed so as we can better substantiate our findings from RCTs and Placebo-Controlled-Trials (PCTs), through the prism of Duhem-Quine thesis. The latter will help us, to question even deeper the boundaries of EBM and if is capable to understand the mechanisms of diseases from a holistic approach and thus generate new hypotheses, develop new knowledge and treatments, and if at last there is a ''gap'' between evidence and what we truly know when we are called to pass from statistics to the therapeutics of a single patient (Anderson, 2006, Chin-Yee, 2014, Norton 2003).
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c3lM00leAtQ&t=2628s
Book Reviews by Evangelos Koumparoudis
Book Review: Negarestani, Reza, and Kristen Alvanson. 2008. Cyclonopedia: complicity with anonymous materials. Melbourne: Re. Press., 2022
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Books by Evangelos Koumparoudis
https://www.ibidem.eu/en/reihen/kultur/studies-in-medical-philosophy/medicine-in-the-post-consumerist-society-a-philosophical-overview-9783838217659.html
Drafts by Evangelos Koumparoudis
In Statu Nascendi by Evangelos Koumparoudis
Keywords: Information Society, Embodiment, Surveillance, Transforming Bodies, Virtual Reality, Human-Based Medicine, Sexuality
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XOlhy9gB5As&list=PLyo5w2V8bFKBpGLZjSM3v86QuFGrbeIH7&index=3
and
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zS4hHFc5A-o&list=PLyo5w2V8bFKBpGLZjSM3v86QuFGrbeIH7&index=4
Conference Presentations by Evangelos Koumparoudis
Αντιπαρέρχοντας τεχνοφοβικές και τεχνοφετιχιστικές απόψεις σχετικά με την Τ.Ν. στην εκπαίδευση και τον σύγχρονο κόσμο, υποστηρίζουμε πως η ευρεία χρήση της αναβαθμίζει με αντιφατικό τρόπο δομικά και ποιοτικά τον ρόλο της εκπαίδευσης/παιδείας. Αναδεικνύει πλέον επιτακτικά σε βασικό ζητούμενο της εκπαίδευσης την ικανότητα του/της μαθητή/τριας να αξιοποιεί, αλλά και να αντιμετωπίζει, τις δυνατότητες της Τ.Ν. με κοινωνικά ανθρωποκεντρικό τρόπο.Αυτό προϋποθέτει την καλλιέργεια και κατάκτηση – μέσω της παιδείας/εκπαίδευσης– αυθεντικών γνωστικών ικανοτήτων όπως η κριτική σκέψη, η επιστημονική και καλλιτεχνική δημιουργικότητα και φαντασία στην κατεύθυνση μιας απελευθερωτικήςκοινωνικής συνείδησης. Στην συνθήκη της γενίκευσης της Τ.Ν., αυτό καθίσταται πλέον αναγκαίο για το υποκείμενο (μαθητή/τρια ως μελλοντικό πολίτη/εργαζόμενο/η). Σε αντίθετη περίπτωση, θα σημάνει αδυναμία συμμετοχής και εγρήγορσης του υποκειμένου στη νέα πραγματικότητα, αυξημένη πραγμοποίησή του και μετατροπή του σε έρμαιο των δυνάμει καταπιεστικών και αλλοτριωτικών δυνατοτήτων της Τ.Ν. υπέρ της εξουσίας των κατόχων της.
Συμπερασματικά, υπό τις νέες αντικειμενικές συνθήκες που διαμορφώνει η Τ.Ν. στην κοινωνία και την εκπαίδευση προκύπτει ένα νέο πιο απαιτητικό όριο ουσιαστικού κριτικού εγγραμματισμού και κοινωνικής συνείδησης, το οποίο εκβάλλει στο εξής δίπολο:από την μία την ακόμα μεγαλύτερη κοινωνική αναπαραγωγή των ανισοτήτων και την εμπέδωση μιας μεταπολιτικής και μεταδημοκρατικής τεχνοκρατικοποίησης, και από την άλλη την προοπτική της κοινωνικής απελευθέρωσης.
Λέξεις-κλειδιά: Τεχνητή Νοημοσύνη, Απελευθερωτική Κριτική Παιδαγωγική, εκπαίδευση, κριτική σκέψη, τεχνοκρατικοποίηση
https://www.youtube.com/live/D1X1k4c3fzE
από 3:32:00 - 4:12:00
Key words: Swarms, Intelligent AI, Testing, Electronic Personhood, Asymmetric AI Ethics
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QdwhqVDS5t0&list=PLyo5w2V8bFKBpGLZjSM3v86QuFGrbeIH7
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c3lM00leAtQ&t=2628s
Book Reviews by Evangelos Koumparoudis
https://www.ibidem.eu/en/reihen/kultur/studies-in-medical-philosophy/medicine-in-the-post-consumerist-society-a-philosophical-overview-9783838217659.html
Keywords: Information Society, Embodiment, Surveillance, Transforming Bodies, Virtual Reality, Human-Based Medicine, Sexuality
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XOlhy9gB5As&list=PLyo5w2V8bFKBpGLZjSM3v86QuFGrbeIH7&index=3
and
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zS4hHFc5A-o&list=PLyo5w2V8bFKBpGLZjSM3v86QuFGrbeIH7&index=4
Αντιπαρέρχοντας τεχνοφοβικές και τεχνοφετιχιστικές απόψεις σχετικά με την Τ.Ν. στην εκπαίδευση και τον σύγχρονο κόσμο, υποστηρίζουμε πως η ευρεία χρήση της αναβαθμίζει με αντιφατικό τρόπο δομικά και ποιοτικά τον ρόλο της εκπαίδευσης/παιδείας. Αναδεικνύει πλέον επιτακτικά σε βασικό ζητούμενο της εκπαίδευσης την ικανότητα του/της μαθητή/τριας να αξιοποιεί, αλλά και να αντιμετωπίζει, τις δυνατότητες της Τ.Ν. με κοινωνικά ανθρωποκεντρικό τρόπο.Αυτό προϋποθέτει την καλλιέργεια και κατάκτηση – μέσω της παιδείας/εκπαίδευσης– αυθεντικών γνωστικών ικανοτήτων όπως η κριτική σκέψη, η επιστημονική και καλλιτεχνική δημιουργικότητα και φαντασία στην κατεύθυνση μιας απελευθερωτικήςκοινωνικής συνείδησης. Στην συνθήκη της γενίκευσης της Τ.Ν., αυτό καθίσταται πλέον αναγκαίο για το υποκείμενο (μαθητή/τρια ως μελλοντικό πολίτη/εργαζόμενο/η). Σε αντίθετη περίπτωση, θα σημάνει αδυναμία συμμετοχής και εγρήγορσης του υποκειμένου στη νέα πραγματικότητα, αυξημένη πραγμοποίησή του και μετατροπή του σε έρμαιο των δυνάμει καταπιεστικών και αλλοτριωτικών δυνατοτήτων της Τ.Ν. υπέρ της εξουσίας των κατόχων της.
Συμπερασματικά, υπό τις νέες αντικειμενικές συνθήκες που διαμορφώνει η Τ.Ν. στην κοινωνία και την εκπαίδευση προκύπτει ένα νέο πιο απαιτητικό όριο ουσιαστικού κριτικού εγγραμματισμού και κοινωνικής συνείδησης, το οποίο εκβάλλει στο εξής δίπολο:από την μία την ακόμα μεγαλύτερη κοινωνική αναπαραγωγή των ανισοτήτων και την εμπέδωση μιας μεταπολιτικής και μεταδημοκρατικής τεχνοκρατικοποίησης, και από την άλλη την προοπτική της κοινωνικής απελευθέρωσης.
Λέξεις-κλειδιά: Τεχνητή Νοημοσύνη, Απελευθερωτική Κριτική Παιδαγωγική, εκπαίδευση, κριτική σκέψη, τεχνοκρατικοποίηση
https://www.youtube.com/live/D1X1k4c3fzE
από 3:32:00 - 4:12:00
Key words: Swarms, Intelligent AI, Testing, Electronic Personhood, Asymmetric AI Ethics
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QdwhqVDS5t0&list=PLyo5w2V8bFKBpGLZjSM3v86QuFGrbeIH7
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c3lM00leAtQ&t=2628s
technology, particularly functional magnetic resonance imaging
(fMRI), have significantly contributed to our understanding of
human brain functions and consciousness. One notable framework
is computational neuroscience, introduced by Patricia Churchland
and colleagues in 1988, which interprets brain function through
information-processing properties. However, this approach has
been critiqued for promoting neuro-reductionism by equating the
brain with the mind and overlooking the social, anthropological,
and complex aspects of human behavior. Critics such as Emily
Martin, Steven Rose, Laurence J. Kirmayer, and Ian Gold highlight
these concerns. To provide a more holistic view, I compare
computational neuroscience with the theory of mirror neurons.
This theory, advanced by Rizzolatti and Gallese, posits that the
body–brain systems of different individuals can share functions,
resulting in the mirroring or simulation of brain activities. This
perspective offers a relational and embodied understanding of
brain function. Additionally, Antonio Damasio’s somatic marker
hypothesis underscores the essential role of bodily feedback
in cognitive processes, highlighting the interconnectedness of
body and brain. Beyond these neuroscientific models, I delve into
speculative phenomenology, bridging classical phenomenology and neurophenomenology to advocate for a non-correlational
approach to our engagement with the world. This approach
integrates the participation of both body and brain, addressing the
concept of ‘dehors’—the chaotic, unknown aspects of existence
that shape our being through formalizations and restrictions. This
chaos can lead to a collapse of dialectical horizons, a state I term
‘asymvatotita’. Drawing on speculative phenomenology, I propose
theoretical connections to mental pathologies such as aphantasia,
autism, and schizophrenia. This interdisciplinary exploration
aims to offer a more comprehensive understanding of human
consciousness and behavior by integrating neuroscientific insights
with phenomenological perspectives.
Keywords: neuroscience, neurophenomenology,
speculative phenomenology, dehors, finitude