Skip to main content

David Hazemali

University of Maribor, History, Faculty Member

Followers

87

Following

69

Co-authors

13

Mentions

25

Public Views

I currently work at the Department of History, University of Maribor. I do research in Migration Studies, Military History, University-Industry collaboration, and Late English Renaissance Literature. I am well-versed in the digital humanities and have a strong command of the methods and tools of scientometrics.

less

University of Maribor

Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts

Petra Grabrovec

Špela Chomicki

Institute of Contemporary History, Ljubljana, Slovenia

Gašper Mithans

Science and Research Centre Koper

Tjaša Konovšek

Filozofska Fakulteta Ljubljana

InterestsView All (14)

Uploads

Papers by David Hazemali

Thematic Exploration of Slovenia’s Path to Independence in Slovenian Scopus-Indexed History Journals: A Bibliometric and Sociometric Analysis

Annales: Anali za istrske in mediteranske studije, 2024

This article explores how Slovenian history journals have portrayed Slovenia’s path to independen... more This article explores how Slovenian history journals have portrayed Slovenia’s path to independence. The analysis of 3,759 articles and other journal contributions from 12 Scopus-indexed journals, using select digital humanities tools and methods, reveals that themes concerning Slovenia’s path to independence, though less frequent overall, exhibit a dynamic pattern of regular occurrence, influenced by commemorations and special issues of journals. This suggests growing scholarly interest over time. The analysis identified four key thematic groups: Socio-cultural, Political, Religious, and Yugoslavia themes. Furthermore, metadata analysis indicates a balanced distribution of male and female first authors and equitable thematic accessibility across publication languages. These findings contribute to a nuanced understanding of how Slovenian Scopus-indexed history journals engage with this critical topic. Published in: Annales: Anali za istrske in mediteranske studije 34, no. 4 (2024): 531-552.

Evaluating Chatbot Assistance in Historical Document Analysis

by David Hazemali and Tomaž Onič

Moderna arhivistika, 2024

The article explores the potential of PDFGear Copilot, a chatbot-based PDF editing tool, in assis... more The article explores the potential of PDFGear Copilot, a chatbot-based PDF editing tool, in assisting with the analysis of historical documents. We evaluated the chatbot's performance on a document relating to the Slovenian War of Independence. We included 25 factual and 5 interpretative questions to address its formal characteristics and content details, assess its capacity for in-depth interpretation and contextualized critical analysis, and evaluate the chatbot's language use and robustness. The chatbot exhibited some ability to answer factual questions, even though its performance varied. It demonstrated proficiency in navigating document structure, named entity recognition, and extracting basic document information. However, performance declined significantly in tasks such as document type identification, content details, and tasks requiring deeper text analysis. For interpretative questions, the chatbot's performance was notably inadequate, failing to link cause-and-effect relationships and provide the depth and nuance required for historical inquiries.

Capturing power in diplomatic language use The case of a closed-door mediatory negotiation and its aftermath during the breakup of the former Yugoslavia

by David Hazemali and Matjaž Klemenčič

Journal of Language and Politics, 2024

In this study we capture power dynamics in diplomacy from a pragmatic angle, by examining a close... more In this study we capture power dynamics in diplomacy from a pragmatic angle, by examining a closed-door diplomatic mediatory negotiation and its aftermath. We first analyse the transcript of a mediation session between representatives of Slovenia and Croatia and a European Economic Community (EEC) delegation during the breakup of Yugoslavia. While the EEC representatives officially acted as mediators, they had earlier secretly agreed with the Yugoslav side to keep Yugoslavia intact. Second, we examine the transcript of a meeting between Slovenian politicians shortly after the mediation session. Studying these two datasets helps us to capture how power manifests itself in the mediatory negotiation studied, and how it is judged by the powerless afterwards. Focusing on language behaviour in the two datasets provides insight into the presence of power in a diplomatic situation where it should in theory not be played out. We use speech acts to analyse our data.

The language of diplomatic mediation – A case study of an emergency meeting in the wake of the Yugoslav wars

by Tadej Todorović, David Hazemali, and Katja Plemenitaš

Language and Communication, May 2024

In this paper, we examine the language of diplomatic mediation from the perspective of speech act... more In this paper, we examine the language of diplomatic mediation from the perspective of speech acts and interaction, by studying an unofficial transcript of an emergency meeting in 1991 between representatives of the European Economic Community (EEC) and Slovenia and Croatia. We use a bottom-up methodology, bringing together ritual, speech acts and interaction, to capture recurrent conventions of diplomatic mediation in a strictly language-anchored fashion. The EEC representatives had a vested interest in swiftly resolving the conflict, and even before consulting with the Slovenian and Croatian representatives they already reached an initial agreement with the Yugoslav state representatives. Due to this fait accompli situation, we assume that they had to show particular awareness of the ritually 'neutral' tone of the mediator. Through our methodology we capture the replicable features of diplomatic mediation, and because of this our results are relevant for the study of the language of diplomacy.

Mladi NEET v Sloveniji: analiza učinkov izbranih intervencijskih odgovorov projekta "PreseNEETi se" na potrebe in značilnosti mladih NEET v severovzhodni Sloveniji

by Andrej Naterer, David Hazemali, and Mateja Matjašič Friš

Studia Historica Slovenica 23, no. 3 (2023): 805–840, Dec 2023

Prispevek se osredotoča na analizo učinkov intervencijskega projekta "PreseNEETi se" na potrebe i... more Prispevek se osredotoča na analizo učinkov intervencijskega projekta
"PreseNEETi se" na potrebe in značilnosti mladih NEET (Not in Education,
Employment, or Training) v Sloveniji. Semi-eksperimentalni projektni pristop je vključeval: 1. pred-test, ki je omogočil detekcijo potreb, značilnosti in želja te populacije, 2. oblikovanje in izvedbo serije intervencijskih aktivnosti, namenjenih ciljnemu naslavljanju potreb populacije, in 3. post-test, katerega namen je bil ocena učinka izvedenih intervencijskih aktivnosti. V končni vzorec je bilo vključenih 33 mladih. Pozitiven učinek projekta je podkrepljen tako s kvalitativnimi rezultati, ki kažejo na prednosti holistične obravnave mladih NEET, kot tudi kvantitativnimi rezultati, ki kažejo na ugodnejše samo-ocene
prihodnosti, ki jih je mogoče v veliki meri pripisati intervencijskim vsebinam projekta.

Safeguarding Liberty? Repressive Measures Against Enemy Aliens and Community Resilience in WWI United States: The Slovenian-American Experience

Annales: Anali za istrske in mediteranske studije 33, no. 3 (2023): 489-502, Dec 2023

This article delves into the complexities of the U.S.’s treatment of enemy aliens during World Wa... more This article delves into the complexities of the U.S.’s treatment of enemy aliens during World War I, particularly illuminating the experiences of the Slovenian-American immigrant ethnic community, following the declaration of war on Austro-Hungary. It presents instances of repression, violence and internment suffered by members of the Slovenian-American community and other immigrant ethnic communities originating from Austria-Hungary, while also highlighting examples of their resilience and defiance. The study is firmly grounded in the archives of the Slovenian-American fraternal benefit society the Slovene National Benefit Society (SNPJ), and the Yugoslav Socialist Alliance (JSZ), housed at the Immigration History Research Center Archives in Minneapolis, Minnesota.

"Canning the Kaiser" in Words and Images: Case Studies of Patriotic American Propaganda from WWI

ELOPE: English Language Overseas Perspectives and Enquiries 20, no. 2 (2023): 49-63, Dec 2023

The article examines how the US government used poetry and posters as instruments of propaganda d... more The article examines how the US government used poetry and posters as instruments of propaganda during World War I to mobilize the nation and resources for their war effort and to denigrate the enemy, especially the German Emperor, Kaiser Wilhelm II. Two case studies are presented: the poem "Canning the Kaiser" by the American writer Upton Sinclair and the poster "Can Vegetables, Fruit and the Kaiser Too" by the Belgian-American artist Jozef Paul Verrees. The article explores the historical context of Sinclair's poem as well as the use of humour, irony, and visual metaphors in both pieces of art to persuade the American public to conserve food, support the troops, and thus help defeat the Kaiser. A particular interest of this study lies in the idiomatic meaning of the phrase "Canning the Kaiser", which is not only an intriguing linguistic issue but had a considerable impact on the development of the campaign.

The Analysis of the Effects of a Fare Free Public Transport Travel Demand Based on E-Ticketing

Sustainability, May 2022

The traditional approach in public transport planning was to collect travel demand data for a mor... more The traditional approach in public transport planning was to collect travel demand data for a more extended period and compose timetables to serve this demand. There are two significant identifiable issues. In the rural areas and off-peak hours, public transport operators provide much more capacities than needed. On the other hand, more capacities than scheduled are needed on certain lines at certain departures on some sporadically occurring occasions. The problem is how to react to short-term changes (daily) triggered by exceptional circumstances and events and midterm changes (weekly, monthly basis) in travel demand. We can trigger changes in travel demand chiefly by introducing a desirable (almost for free) tariff system applied to specific populations. No long-term travel response data exists for this kind of intervention, but an immediate response in public transport supply is needed. In Slovenia, public transport for free for the whole population over 65 years was introduced. With the modern ticketing system, which was designed to be as simple as possible for users (that means »check-in only« at the moment of boarding), the research task was to analyze the travel behavior of the retired population, faced with a new attractive option to travel, based on data of purchased tickets and their afterward validation, for better mid-and long-term planning. Our study finds that ITS technology (in this case, e-ticketing system) can satisfactorily solve the discussed planning and management task.

Keywords: fare-free public transport policy; smart card data collecting; elderly population mobility; travel demand

From Bosnia and Herzegovina to China in the 21st Century: A Case Study of Personal Migration Histories

by Bojan Cudic and David Hazemali

Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies

Factors Impacting University–Industry Collaboration in European Countries

by Bojan Cudic, Peter Alešnik, and David Hazemali

This paper aims to examine the links between university-industry collaboration (UIC) predictors (... more This paper aims to examine the links between university-industry collaboration (UIC) predictors (inputs), and the results of UIC cooperation (outputs). The focus of the research is UIC within the European Union member states and the Western Balkan countries.The analysis was conducted using the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). This method enabled examining the links between variables that are not directly observable. The authors used data for the period of three years, 2015–2018. The results prove that countries investing in UIC predictors (inputs) have better UIC performance (outputs). Based on the statistical analysis, the authors identified the investments in knowledge, networking, and research and development (R&D), in general, as the most significant that impact UIC performance.

Factors impacting university–industry collaboration in European countries

by David Hazemali and Bojan Cudic

Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 2022

This paper aims to examine the links between university-industry collaboration (UIC) predictors (... more This paper aims to examine the links between university-industry collaboration (UIC) predictors (inputs) and the results of UIC cooperation (outputs). The focus of the research is UIC within the European Union member states and the Western Balkan countries. The analysis was conducted using the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). This method enabled examining the links between variables that are not directly observable. The authors used data for the period of three years, 2015–2018. The results prove that countries investing in UIC predictors (inputs) have better UIC performance (outputs). Based on the statistical analysis, the authors identified the investments in knowledge, networking, and research and development (R&D), in general, as the most significant that impact UIC performance.

Slovenian Diaspora in the World, 1991–2021 / Slovenska diaspora v svetu, 1991–2021

by Darko Friš and David Hazemali

30 let slovenske države, Zgodovinsko društvo za južno Primorsko, Koper, Inštitut IRRIS za raziskave, razvoj in strategije družbe kulture in okolja, Marezige, Založba Annales©, pp 267–274, 2021

V prvem delu pričujočega prispevka avtorja predstaviva analizo tridesetletne meddržavne (iz)selit... more V prvem delu pričujočega prispevka avtorja predstaviva analizo tridesetletne meddržavne (iz)selitvene dinamike v Republiki Sloveniji. Grafično predstavljene in statistično interpretirane demografske podatke in kazalnike sva pridobila in/ali jih izračunala na podlagi objavljenih statističnih letopisov Statističnega urada Republike Slovenije (RS, SiStat). V drugem delu avtorja strnjeno predstaviva položaj in številčnost Slovencev po svetu in njihovih potomcev danes. Poudarki so na (nekdanjih) slovenskih skupnostih v državah z največjim številom slovenskih priseljencev in/ali njihovih potomcev.

The organisational structure and operation of the Slovenian secret political police in the second half of the 1960 / Ustroj in delovanje tajne slovenske politične policije v drugi polovici šestdesetih let dvajsetega stoletja

by Ana Šela, David Hazemali, and Tadeja Melanšek

Studia Historica Slovenica 20, no. 3 (2020): 811–838, 2020

Ustroj in delovanje tajne politične policije na Slovenskem v drugi polovici šestdesetih let dvajs... more Ustroj in delovanje tajne politične policije na Slovenskem v drugi polovici šestdesetih let dvajsetega stoletja

Avtorji na podlagi ohranjenega arhivskega gradiva Arhiva Republike Slovenije predstavijo ustroj Službe državne varnosti (SDV) v Socialistični republiki Sloveniji (SRS), postavljen na podlagi pravilnikov o organizaciji in sistematizaciji SDV pri Republiškem sekretariatu za notranje zadeve SRS, ki so začeli nastajati po letu 1967 na podlagi prvega republiškega zakona o notranjih zadevah. Pričujoči prispevek prinaša poskus sistematične analize reorganizacije SDV po letu 1966, ki je potekala v dveh fazah. Prva je potekala od IV. plenuma centralnega komiteja Zveze komunistov Jugoslavije (Brionskega plenuma) do konca leta 1966, ko so se ustvarjali predlogi in prilagoditve delovnega področja SDV, druga faza pa od začetka leta 1967 in je težila k čim hitrejšemu izoblikovanju temeljnega ustroja. Leta 1969 je bil sprejet pravilnik, ki je SDV organiziral v načelstvo uprave in v sedem (leta 1970 osem) analitičnih, tehničnih in operativnih odsekov. Konec šestdesetih let je ustroj SDV tako dobil obliko, ki je predstavljala temelj za operativno delovanje službe vse do razpada Jugoslavije.

The Monitoring of Slovenian Guest Workers in the Federal Republic of Germany in the 1970s / Spremljanje slovenskih delavcev na začasnem delu in bivanju v Zvezni republiki Nemčiji v sedemdesetih letih dvajsetega stoletja: prispevek k poznavanju zgodovine slovenske Službe državne varnosti

by Ana Šela and David Hazemali

Studia Historica Slovenica 20, no. 3 (2020): 879–920, 2020

In this paper, the authors attempt to present the monitoring of the Slovenian guest workers who i... more In this paper, the authors attempt to present the monitoring of the Slovenian guest workers who in the 1970s temporarily lived and worked in the Federal Republic of Germany. By analysing archival material of the Slovenian political police about the activities and associations of Slovenes in the Federal Republic of Germany, which is kept by the Archive of the Republic of Slovenia and using a selection of scientific works of domestic and foreign historiography, the authors present the process of emigration from the Socialist Republic of Slovenia to the Federal Republic of Germany from a west German and Yugoslav perspective. They also present how the State Security Service tracked Slovenian guest workers in the FRG during the 1970s and which groups of emigrees it paid special attention to. Here the authors concentrate on the tracking of Slovenian emigree clergy and emigree press, both groups having had large cultural influence on other Slovenian guest workers while they lived and worked in the Federal Republic of Germany.

Slovenian Voice from Russian Captivity to Mežica / Slovenski glas iz ruskega ujetništva v Mežico: Razglednica za Amalio Breznik od njenega moža Franca kot vir za proučevanje izkušnje vojnega ujetništva v Rusiji v času prve svetovne vojne

Študentski zgodovinski časopis 2019/2020, no. 1 (2020): 57–66 , 2020

Slovenski glas iz ruskega ujetništva v Mežico: Razglednica za Amalio Breznik od njenega moža Fran... more Slovenski glas iz ruskega ujetništva v Mežico: Razglednica za Amalio Breznik od njenega moža Franca kot vir za proučevanje izkušnje vojnega ujetništva v Rusiji v času prve svetovne vojne

Avtor v prvem delu prispevka v tematskem zgodovinopisnem pregledu strne pomembnejše izsledke o vojnem ujetništvu v Rusiji med letoma 1917 in 1922. V drugem delu z analizama vsebine in besedišča ohranjene poštne razglednice za Mežičanko Amalio Breznik, ki jo je iz ruskega ujetništva leta 1916 poslal njen mož Franc, skuša sestaviti Breznikovo ujetniško izkušnjo ter preko nje ponazori kako študija primera tovrstnega primarnega vira prispeva k razumevanju dotične tematike.

Slovenian Voice from Russian Captivity to Mežica: Postcard for Amalia Breznik from her Husband Franc as a Source for Studying the Experience of Captivity in Russia during the First World War

In the first part of the article, the author presents an overview of established facts on prisoners of war in Russia during the First World War, which is considered one of the most complex interdisciplinary research issues of the period. In the second part, he presents the analysis of a preserved postcard for Amalia Breznik from Mežica, sent by her husband Franc from Russian captivity in 1916. By doing so, he sheds new light on Franc's experience of captivity and thus illustrates how a case study of such a preserved primary source contributes to the understanding of the broader issue of POWs in Russia during the First World War.

Prva svetovna vojna in ognjeni krst prekmurskih fantov : spopad pri Krašniku s posebnim ozirom na slovenskih vojakih iz Prekmurja in notranjosti dežel krone sv. Štefana

Študentski zgodovinski časopis 2016/2017 no. 1 (2017): 43–53, 2017

Prispevek skuša na podlagi obstoječih demografskih podatkov o nacionalni strukturi avstro-ogrskih... more Prispevek skuša na podlagi obstoječih demografskih podatkov o nacionalni strukturi avstro-ogrskih oboroženih sil ter najnovejšega seznama žrtev in pogrešanih iz prve svetovne vojne iz območja Prekmurja izpod peresa slovenske zgodovinarke in geografinje Gordane Šövegeš Lipovšek, ki nosi naslov Prišo je glas, dopolniti doslej zbrane podatke o številu ali deležu mobiliziranih, ranjenih, padlih ali pogrešanih slovenskih vojakov, ki so služili v avstro-ogrskih oboroženih silah med prvo svetovno vojno. Drugi namen prispevka je na podlagi dostopnih arhivskih virov in izhajajoč iz potrjenih dognanj zgodovinarjev obelodaniti v slovenskem zgodovinopisju še neraziskan vojaško-zgodovinski potek spopada pri Krašniku, v bližini današnjega poljskega mesta Lublin, konec avgusta leta 1914 na vzhodni fronti, v katerem je t. i. ognjeni krst doživela tudi glavnina mobiliziranih prekmurskih Slovencev. Čeprav so izid spopada na Dunaju proglasili za zmago, so nadaljnji dogodki v Galiciji pokazali, da je šlo le za avstro-ogrsko iluzijo, potem ko je preostanek vojske podonavske monarhije dobesedno izkrvavel. Študentski zgodovinski časopis 1, 2016/2017, 43–53

The German Occupation of Riga and Operation Albion: A Contribution to the Understanding of the Eastern Front of the First World War in the Baltics / Nemška zasedba Rige in operacija Albion: Prispevek k razumevanju vzhodne fronte prve svetovne vojne na Pribaltiku

Annales: Anali za istrske in mediteranske studije 29, no. 3 (2019): 425–436, Dec 2019

The German occupations of Riga and the West Estonian Archipelago were a complete success in strat... more The German occupations of Riga and the West Estonian Archipelago were a complete success in strategic, tactical and operational terms, especially considering that German strategists had had negligible experience in amphibious operations. In this sense, also the fact that both operations were planned only a few weeks before their successful implementations is commendable. Operation Albion proved to be the most successful amphibious operation of World War I. With minimal casualties and material losses, the German Armed Forces were able to neutralize the Russian defence and occupy all the major islands of the West Estonian Archipelago. The special infantry units - the stormtroopers, also made use of bicycles, thus showing a sense for improvisation. The mouth of the Gulf of Riga no longer protected the Russian capital from a possible German attack, which was a major psychological victory, as the Provisional Russian Government soon proclaimed that they would move the capital from Petrograd to Moscow. What is more, the Germans were now able to transport ore from Sweden to their homeland. The German Armed Forces succeeded in integrating different combat arms to achieve mutual goals, thus establishing a unified approach to battle. At one point, more than twenty thousand German troops, 10 dreadnoughts and 350 other vessels, half a dozen zeppelins and eighty aircraft were in motion. In terms of the number of vessels involved, Operation Albion went beyond the numbers that met at the Battle of Jutland. In his excellent study of the Imperial German Navy during the First World War, Holger Herwig notes that German strategists sent too big of a force into battle. Richard L. DiNardo opposes this observation; he believes that the reason for this was the lack of inexperience of the German Armed Forces in a combined arms operation. In a war characterized by excesses, the decision of the German military to send an “overkill” force, is, thus, understandable. The closing German operations on the north-eastern front of World War I were closely monitored by the German press, reporting, understandably, almost exclusively on successes. The strategic goal of the German Supreme Army Command - the disruption or complete incapacitation of the Russian Armed Forces to continue the war had been achieved. The new defeat pushed the Russian Republic, suffering from internal unrest and the consequences of war, further into the embrace of the October Revolution. Following the collapse of the Provisional Government, the new Bolshevik establishment tried to reach peace with the German Empire in the Brest-Litovsk negotiations, but the path to peace was anything but easy.

Ptuj from the End of WW II to the Slovenian Independence / Ptuj od konca druge svetovne vojne do slovenske osamosvojitve

by David Hazemali and Ana Šela

Ptuj v 20. stoletju, Pokrajinski muzej Ptuj –Ormož , pp 273–295, 2018

After the Second World War, the city of Ptuj was rebuilt and lived through the changes of the soc... more After the Second World War, the city of Ptuj was rebuilt and lived through the changes of the social system, implementation of five-year plans, agrarian reforms and industrialisation. During the first decade after the war, the Yugoslav state was marked by the implementation of self-governance and social prosperity, agrarian reform through the nationalisation of the land, and industrialisation. Due to some solid business entities, such as perutnina Ptuj, Talum, textile industry, Ptuj managed to continue its growth. Despite the economic crisis occurred in the 80s of the 20th century, the economic sector and its most prominent branch – industry – grew, although the city had a rather agrarian character. The economic sector was closely followed by cultural and educational sectors which benefitted from important investments. After the war, many associations saw light, such as reading, singing, drama, in order to “move” the citizens away from macabre thoughts about the war atrocities. Numerous artists engaged in cultural activities largely contributed to the generalised preservation and dissemination processes of culture and cultural heritage. Among the most active were Janez Mežan, Drago Hasl, Štefka Cobelj, Jože Gregorc, France Mihelič and Ivan Potrč. More and more it became obvious that such a rich past and legacy had to be taken care of. Thus, some important institutions were created which are still in operation nowadays. Some of them are the museum, archives, schools, and the library. Through economic but mostly cultural growth the city of Ptuj still bears the nickname of “city-museum” of which its citizens are very proud, and the tourists admire its exceptional national and cultural heritage.

The History of the Slovene Parish of the Sacred Heart of Jesus in Barberton, Ohio / Slovenska župnija presvetega Srca Jezusovega v Barbertonu, Ohio, skozi zgodovino

by David Hazemali and Matevž Hrženjak

Bogoslovni vestnik 79, no. 2 (2019): 505–520, 2019

This article deals with the history of the Slovene ethnic parish of the Sacred Heart of Jesus in ... more This article deals with the history of the Slovene ethnic parish of the Sacred Heart of Jesus in Barberton, Ohio, founded by the members of the Slovene immigrant community of Barberton. It is based on exhaustive archival sources of the Cleveland Diocese and the newest scholarly literature. The Slovene immigrant community in Barberton, Ohio, became numerous and financially strong enough at the end of the second decade of the 20th century to support the establishment of an ethnic parish. In the 85-year history of the Slovene ethnic parish in Barberton, the local parishioners managed to build three churches and a parish school, with 12 priests in succession, 11 of which were of Slovene descent. The parish, along with the Slovene national home in Barberton, was the center of Slovene ethnic and cultural activities in the city. The parish, together with other ethnic institutions, enabled for the preservation of the Slovene-American community in the city to the present day. Due to altered circumstances – the Americanization of the 3rd and 4th generation of Slovene immigrants – the parish of the Sacred Heart of Jesus began to lose its ethnic character, and at the beginning of the 21st century it merged with the Polish ethnic parish, thus ceasing to exist. Such fate of individual ethnic parishes is also that of some other researched Slovene settlements in the United States.

The Proud Prime Evil of Hell: Characterization of Satan as the Capital Vice of Pride in Milton’s Paradise Lost / Napuhnjeno primarno zlo Pekla: Prikaz upodobitve Satana kot naglavne pregrehe napuha v Miltonovem Izgubljenem raju

ELOPE: English Language Overseas Perspectives and Enquiries 13, no. (2016): 63–76, 2016

This paper looks into the characterisation of Satan as the Capital Vice of Pride in John Milton’s... more This paper looks into the characterisation of Satan as the Capital Vice of Pride in John Milton’s Paradise Lost. It thus supports the findings of Robert Charles Fox, who in his study The Seven Deadly Sins in Paradise Lost first thoroughly analysed and comprehensively presented this issue and its importance in Milton’s epic. The authors of the study share Fox’s belief that Milton consciously used the system of the Seven Capital Vices in his epic as a structural device to present the entire scope of evil to the willing reader, and he achieved this by giving Satan and six other major denizens of Hell each the characteristics of a particular Vice. In other words, each of the seven major diabolical figures that appear in Paradise Lost embodies or personifies one of the Seven Capital Vices. As the most eloquent and characteristically perfected of the diabolical figures of Hell, Satan embodies Pride, the prime Capital Vice.

Thematic Exploration of Slovenia’s Path to Independence in Slovenian Scopus-Indexed History Journals: A Bibliometric and Sociometric Analysis

Annales: Anali za istrske in mediteranske studije, 2024

This article explores how Slovenian history journals have portrayed Slovenia’s path to independen... more This article explores how Slovenian history journals have portrayed Slovenia’s path to independence. The analysis of 3,759 articles and other journal contributions from 12 Scopus-indexed journals, using select digital humanities tools and methods, reveals that themes concerning Slovenia’s path to independence, though less frequent overall, exhibit a dynamic pattern of regular occurrence, influenced by commemorations and special issues of journals. This suggests growing scholarly interest over time. The analysis identified four key thematic groups: Socio-cultural, Political, Religious, and Yugoslavia themes. Furthermore, metadata analysis indicates a balanced distribution of male and female first authors and equitable thematic accessibility across publication languages. These findings contribute to a nuanced understanding of how Slovenian Scopus-indexed history journals engage with this critical topic. Published in: Annales: Anali za istrske in mediteranske studije 34, no. 4 (2024): 531-552.

Evaluating Chatbot Assistance in Historical Document Analysis

by David Hazemali and Tomaž Onič

Moderna arhivistika, 2024

The article explores the potential of PDFGear Copilot, a chatbot-based PDF editing tool, in assis... more The article explores the potential of PDFGear Copilot, a chatbot-based PDF editing tool, in assisting with the analysis of historical documents. We evaluated the chatbot's performance on a document relating to the Slovenian War of Independence. We included 25 factual and 5 interpretative questions to address its formal characteristics and content details, assess its capacity for in-depth interpretation and contextualized critical analysis, and evaluate the chatbot's language use and robustness. The chatbot exhibited some ability to answer factual questions, even though its performance varied. It demonstrated proficiency in navigating document structure, named entity recognition, and extracting basic document information. However, performance declined significantly in tasks such as document type identification, content details, and tasks requiring deeper text analysis. For interpretative questions, the chatbot's performance was notably inadequate, failing to link cause-and-effect relationships and provide the depth and nuance required for historical inquiries.

Capturing power in diplomatic language use The case of a closed-door mediatory negotiation and its aftermath during the breakup of the former Yugoslavia

by David Hazemali and Matjaž Klemenčič

Journal of Language and Politics, 2024

In this study we capture power dynamics in diplomacy from a pragmatic angle, by examining a close... more In this study we capture power dynamics in diplomacy from a pragmatic angle, by examining a closed-door diplomatic mediatory negotiation and its aftermath. We first analyse the transcript of a mediation session between representatives of Slovenia and Croatia and a European Economic Community (EEC) delegation during the breakup of Yugoslavia. While the EEC representatives officially acted as mediators, they had earlier secretly agreed with the Yugoslav side to keep Yugoslavia intact. Second, we examine the transcript of a meeting between Slovenian politicians shortly after the mediation session. Studying these two datasets helps us to capture how power manifests itself in the mediatory negotiation studied, and how it is judged by the powerless afterwards. Focusing on language behaviour in the two datasets provides insight into the presence of power in a diplomatic situation where it should in theory not be played out. We use speech acts to analyse our data.

The language of diplomatic mediation – A case study of an emergency meeting in the wake of the Yugoslav wars

by Tadej Todorović, David Hazemali, and Katja Plemenitaš

Language and Communication, May 2024

In this paper, we examine the language of diplomatic mediation from the perspective of speech act... more In this paper, we examine the language of diplomatic mediation from the perspective of speech acts and interaction, by studying an unofficial transcript of an emergency meeting in 1991 between representatives of the European Economic Community (EEC) and Slovenia and Croatia. We use a bottom-up methodology, bringing together ritual, speech acts and interaction, to capture recurrent conventions of diplomatic mediation in a strictly language-anchored fashion. The EEC representatives had a vested interest in swiftly resolving the conflict, and even before consulting with the Slovenian and Croatian representatives they already reached an initial agreement with the Yugoslav state representatives. Due to this fait accompli situation, we assume that they had to show particular awareness of the ritually 'neutral' tone of the mediator. Through our methodology we capture the replicable features of diplomatic mediation, and because of this our results are relevant for the study of the language of diplomacy.

Mladi NEET v Sloveniji: analiza učinkov izbranih intervencijskih odgovorov projekta "PreseNEETi se" na potrebe in značilnosti mladih NEET v severovzhodni Sloveniji

by Andrej Naterer, David Hazemali, and Mateja Matjašič Friš

Studia Historica Slovenica 23, no. 3 (2023): 805–840, Dec 2023

Prispevek se osredotoča na analizo učinkov intervencijskega projekta "PreseNEETi se" na potrebe i... more Prispevek se osredotoča na analizo učinkov intervencijskega projekta
"PreseNEETi se" na potrebe in značilnosti mladih NEET (Not in Education,
Employment, or Training) v Sloveniji. Semi-eksperimentalni projektni pristop je vključeval: 1. pred-test, ki je omogočil detekcijo potreb, značilnosti in želja te populacije, 2. oblikovanje in izvedbo serije intervencijskih aktivnosti, namenjenih ciljnemu naslavljanju potreb populacije, in 3. post-test, katerega namen je bil ocena učinka izvedenih intervencijskih aktivnosti. V končni vzorec je bilo vključenih 33 mladih. Pozitiven učinek projekta je podkrepljen tako s kvalitativnimi rezultati, ki kažejo na prednosti holistične obravnave mladih NEET, kot tudi kvantitativnimi rezultati, ki kažejo na ugodnejše samo-ocene
prihodnosti, ki jih je mogoče v veliki meri pripisati intervencijskim vsebinam projekta.

Safeguarding Liberty? Repressive Measures Against Enemy Aliens and Community Resilience in WWI United States: The Slovenian-American Experience

Annales: Anali za istrske in mediteranske studije 33, no. 3 (2023): 489-502, Dec 2023

This article delves into the complexities of the U.S.’s treatment of enemy aliens during World Wa... more This article delves into the complexities of the U.S.’s treatment of enemy aliens during World War I, particularly illuminating the experiences of the Slovenian-American immigrant ethnic community, following the declaration of war on Austro-Hungary. It presents instances of repression, violence and internment suffered by members of the Slovenian-American community and other immigrant ethnic communities originating from Austria-Hungary, while also highlighting examples of their resilience and defiance. The study is firmly grounded in the archives of the Slovenian-American fraternal benefit society the Slovene National Benefit Society (SNPJ), and the Yugoslav Socialist Alliance (JSZ), housed at the Immigration History Research Center Archives in Minneapolis, Minnesota.

"Canning the Kaiser" in Words and Images: Case Studies of Patriotic American Propaganda from WWI

ELOPE: English Language Overseas Perspectives and Enquiries 20, no. 2 (2023): 49-63, Dec 2023

The article examines how the US government used poetry and posters as instruments of propaganda d... more The article examines how the US government used poetry and posters as instruments of propaganda during World War I to mobilize the nation and resources for their war effort and to denigrate the enemy, especially the German Emperor, Kaiser Wilhelm II. Two case studies are presented: the poem "Canning the Kaiser" by the American writer Upton Sinclair and the poster "Can Vegetables, Fruit and the Kaiser Too" by the Belgian-American artist Jozef Paul Verrees. The article explores the historical context of Sinclair's poem as well as the use of humour, irony, and visual metaphors in both pieces of art to persuade the American public to conserve food, support the troops, and thus help defeat the Kaiser. A particular interest of this study lies in the idiomatic meaning of the phrase "Canning the Kaiser", which is not only an intriguing linguistic issue but had a considerable impact on the development of the campaign.

The Analysis of the Effects of a Fare Free Public Transport Travel Demand Based on E-Ticketing

Sustainability, May 2022

The traditional approach in public transport planning was to collect travel demand data for a mor... more The traditional approach in public transport planning was to collect travel demand data for a more extended period and compose timetables to serve this demand. There are two significant identifiable issues. In the rural areas and off-peak hours, public transport operators provide much more capacities than needed. On the other hand, more capacities than scheduled are needed on certain lines at certain departures on some sporadically occurring occasions. The problem is how to react to short-term changes (daily) triggered by exceptional circumstances and events and midterm changes (weekly, monthly basis) in travel demand. We can trigger changes in travel demand chiefly by introducing a desirable (almost for free) tariff system applied to specific populations. No long-term travel response data exists for this kind of intervention, but an immediate response in public transport supply is needed. In Slovenia, public transport for free for the whole population over 65 years was introduced. With the modern ticketing system, which was designed to be as simple as possible for users (that means »check-in only« at the moment of boarding), the research task was to analyze the travel behavior of the retired population, faced with a new attractive option to travel, based on data of purchased tickets and their afterward validation, for better mid-and long-term planning. Our study finds that ITS technology (in this case, e-ticketing system) can satisfactorily solve the discussed planning and management task.

Keywords: fare-free public transport policy; smart card data collecting; elderly population mobility; travel demand

From Bosnia and Herzegovina to China in the 21st Century: A Case Study of Personal Migration Histories

by Bojan Cudic and David Hazemali

Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies

Factors Impacting University–Industry Collaboration in European Countries

by Bojan Cudic, Peter Alešnik, and David Hazemali

This paper aims to examine the links between university-industry collaboration (UIC) predictors (... more This paper aims to examine the links between university-industry collaboration (UIC) predictors (inputs), and the results of UIC cooperation (outputs). The focus of the research is UIC within the European Union member states and the Western Balkan countries.The analysis was conducted using the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). This method enabled examining the links between variables that are not directly observable. The authors used data for the period of three years, 2015–2018. The results prove that countries investing in UIC predictors (inputs) have better UIC performance (outputs). Based on the statistical analysis, the authors identified the investments in knowledge, networking, and research and development (R&D), in general, as the most significant that impact UIC performance.

Factors impacting university–industry collaboration in European countries

by David Hazemali and Bojan Cudic

Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 2022

This paper aims to examine the links between university-industry collaboration (UIC) predictors (... more This paper aims to examine the links between university-industry collaboration (UIC) predictors (inputs) and the results of UIC cooperation (outputs). The focus of the research is UIC within the European Union member states and the Western Balkan countries. The analysis was conducted using the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). This method enabled examining the links between variables that are not directly observable. The authors used data for the period of three years, 2015–2018. The results prove that countries investing in UIC predictors (inputs) have better UIC performance (outputs). Based on the statistical analysis, the authors identified the investments in knowledge, networking, and research and development (R&D), in general, as the most significant that impact UIC performance.

Slovenian Diaspora in the World, 1991–2021 / Slovenska diaspora v svetu, 1991–2021

by Darko Friš and David Hazemali

30 let slovenske države, Zgodovinsko društvo za južno Primorsko, Koper, Inštitut IRRIS za raziskave, razvoj in strategije družbe kulture in okolja, Marezige, Založba Annales©, pp 267–274, 2021

V prvem delu pričujočega prispevka avtorja predstaviva analizo tridesetletne meddržavne (iz)selit... more V prvem delu pričujočega prispevka avtorja predstaviva analizo tridesetletne meddržavne (iz)selitvene dinamike v Republiki Sloveniji. Grafično predstavljene in statistično interpretirane demografske podatke in kazalnike sva pridobila in/ali jih izračunala na podlagi objavljenih statističnih letopisov Statističnega urada Republike Slovenije (RS, SiStat). V drugem delu avtorja strnjeno predstaviva položaj in številčnost Slovencev po svetu in njihovih potomcev danes. Poudarki so na (nekdanjih) slovenskih skupnostih v državah z največjim številom slovenskih priseljencev in/ali njihovih potomcev.

The organisational structure and operation of the Slovenian secret political police in the second half of the 1960 / Ustroj in delovanje tajne slovenske politične policije v drugi polovici šestdesetih let dvajsetega stoletja

by Ana Šela, David Hazemali, and Tadeja Melanšek

Studia Historica Slovenica 20, no. 3 (2020): 811–838, 2020

Ustroj in delovanje tajne politične policije na Slovenskem v drugi polovici šestdesetih let dvajs... more Ustroj in delovanje tajne politične policije na Slovenskem v drugi polovici šestdesetih let dvajsetega stoletja

Avtorji na podlagi ohranjenega arhivskega gradiva Arhiva Republike Slovenije predstavijo ustroj Službe državne varnosti (SDV) v Socialistični republiki Sloveniji (SRS), postavljen na podlagi pravilnikov o organizaciji in sistematizaciji SDV pri Republiškem sekretariatu za notranje zadeve SRS, ki so začeli nastajati po letu 1967 na podlagi prvega republiškega zakona o notranjih zadevah. Pričujoči prispevek prinaša poskus sistematične analize reorganizacije SDV po letu 1966, ki je potekala v dveh fazah. Prva je potekala od IV. plenuma centralnega komiteja Zveze komunistov Jugoslavije (Brionskega plenuma) do konca leta 1966, ko so se ustvarjali predlogi in prilagoditve delovnega področja SDV, druga faza pa od začetka leta 1967 in je težila k čim hitrejšemu izoblikovanju temeljnega ustroja. Leta 1969 je bil sprejet pravilnik, ki je SDV organiziral v načelstvo uprave in v sedem (leta 1970 osem) analitičnih, tehničnih in operativnih odsekov. Konec šestdesetih let je ustroj SDV tako dobil obliko, ki je predstavljala temelj za operativno delovanje službe vse do razpada Jugoslavije.

The Monitoring of Slovenian Guest Workers in the Federal Republic of Germany in the 1970s / Spremljanje slovenskih delavcev na začasnem delu in bivanju v Zvezni republiki Nemčiji v sedemdesetih letih dvajsetega stoletja: prispevek k poznavanju zgodovine slovenske Službe državne varnosti

by Ana Šela and David Hazemali

Studia Historica Slovenica 20, no. 3 (2020): 879–920, 2020

In this paper, the authors attempt to present the monitoring of the Slovenian guest workers who i... more In this paper, the authors attempt to present the monitoring of the Slovenian guest workers who in the 1970s temporarily lived and worked in the Federal Republic of Germany. By analysing archival material of the Slovenian political police about the activities and associations of Slovenes in the Federal Republic of Germany, which is kept by the Archive of the Republic of Slovenia and using a selection of scientific works of domestic and foreign historiography, the authors present the process of emigration from the Socialist Republic of Slovenia to the Federal Republic of Germany from a west German and Yugoslav perspective. They also present how the State Security Service tracked Slovenian guest workers in the FRG during the 1970s and which groups of emigrees it paid special attention to. Here the authors concentrate on the tracking of Slovenian emigree clergy and emigree press, both groups having had large cultural influence on other Slovenian guest workers while they lived and worked in the Federal Republic of Germany.

Slovenian Voice from Russian Captivity to Mežica / Slovenski glas iz ruskega ujetništva v Mežico: Razglednica za Amalio Breznik od njenega moža Franca kot vir za proučevanje izkušnje vojnega ujetništva v Rusiji v času prve svetovne vojne

Študentski zgodovinski časopis 2019/2020, no. 1 (2020): 57–66 , 2020

Slovenski glas iz ruskega ujetništva v Mežico: Razglednica za Amalio Breznik od njenega moža Fran... more Slovenski glas iz ruskega ujetništva v Mežico: Razglednica za Amalio Breznik od njenega moža Franca kot vir za proučevanje izkušnje vojnega ujetništva v Rusiji v času prve svetovne vojne

Avtor v prvem delu prispevka v tematskem zgodovinopisnem pregledu strne pomembnejše izsledke o vojnem ujetništvu v Rusiji med letoma 1917 in 1922. V drugem delu z analizama vsebine in besedišča ohranjene poštne razglednice za Mežičanko Amalio Breznik, ki jo je iz ruskega ujetništva leta 1916 poslal njen mož Franc, skuša sestaviti Breznikovo ujetniško izkušnjo ter preko nje ponazori kako študija primera tovrstnega primarnega vira prispeva k razumevanju dotične tematike.

Slovenian Voice from Russian Captivity to Mežica: Postcard for Amalia Breznik from her Husband Franc as a Source for Studying the Experience of Captivity in Russia during the First World War

In the first part of the article, the author presents an overview of established facts on prisoners of war in Russia during the First World War, which is considered one of the most complex interdisciplinary research issues of the period. In the second part, he presents the analysis of a preserved postcard for Amalia Breznik from Mežica, sent by her husband Franc from Russian captivity in 1916. By doing so, he sheds new light on Franc's experience of captivity and thus illustrates how a case study of such a preserved primary source contributes to the understanding of the broader issue of POWs in Russia during the First World War.

Prva svetovna vojna in ognjeni krst prekmurskih fantov : spopad pri Krašniku s posebnim ozirom na slovenskih vojakih iz Prekmurja in notranjosti dežel krone sv. Štefana

Študentski zgodovinski časopis 2016/2017 no. 1 (2017): 43–53, 2017

Prispevek skuša na podlagi obstoječih demografskih podatkov o nacionalni strukturi avstro-ogrskih... more Prispevek skuša na podlagi obstoječih demografskih podatkov o nacionalni strukturi avstro-ogrskih oboroženih sil ter najnovejšega seznama žrtev in pogrešanih iz prve svetovne vojne iz območja Prekmurja izpod peresa slovenske zgodovinarke in geografinje Gordane Šövegeš Lipovšek, ki nosi naslov Prišo je glas, dopolniti doslej zbrane podatke o številu ali deležu mobiliziranih, ranjenih, padlih ali pogrešanih slovenskih vojakov, ki so služili v avstro-ogrskih oboroženih silah med prvo svetovno vojno. Drugi namen prispevka je na podlagi dostopnih arhivskih virov in izhajajoč iz potrjenih dognanj zgodovinarjev obelodaniti v slovenskem zgodovinopisju še neraziskan vojaško-zgodovinski potek spopada pri Krašniku, v bližini današnjega poljskega mesta Lublin, konec avgusta leta 1914 na vzhodni fronti, v katerem je t. i. ognjeni krst doživela tudi glavnina mobiliziranih prekmurskih Slovencev. Čeprav so izid spopada na Dunaju proglasili za zmago, so nadaljnji dogodki v Galiciji pokazali, da je šlo le za avstro-ogrsko iluzijo, potem ko je preostanek vojske podonavske monarhije dobesedno izkrvavel. Študentski zgodovinski časopis 1, 2016/2017, 43–53

The German Occupation of Riga and Operation Albion: A Contribution to the Understanding of the Eastern Front of the First World War in the Baltics / Nemška zasedba Rige in operacija Albion: Prispevek k razumevanju vzhodne fronte prve svetovne vojne na Pribaltiku

Annales: Anali za istrske in mediteranske studije 29, no. 3 (2019): 425–436, Dec 2019

The German occupations of Riga and the West Estonian Archipelago were a complete success in strat... more The German occupations of Riga and the West Estonian Archipelago were a complete success in strategic, tactical and operational terms, especially considering that German strategists had had negligible experience in amphibious operations. In this sense, also the fact that both operations were planned only a few weeks before their successful implementations is commendable. Operation Albion proved to be the most successful amphibious operation of World War I. With minimal casualties and material losses, the German Armed Forces were able to neutralize the Russian defence and occupy all the major islands of the West Estonian Archipelago. The special infantry units - the stormtroopers, also made use of bicycles, thus showing a sense for improvisation. The mouth of the Gulf of Riga no longer protected the Russian capital from a possible German attack, which was a major psychological victory, as the Provisional Russian Government soon proclaimed that they would move the capital from Petrograd to Moscow. What is more, the Germans were now able to transport ore from Sweden to their homeland. The German Armed Forces succeeded in integrating different combat arms to achieve mutual goals, thus establishing a unified approach to battle. At one point, more than twenty thousand German troops, 10 dreadnoughts and 350 other vessels, half a dozen zeppelins and eighty aircraft were in motion. In terms of the number of vessels involved, Operation Albion went beyond the numbers that met at the Battle of Jutland. In his excellent study of the Imperial German Navy during the First World War, Holger Herwig notes that German strategists sent too big of a force into battle. Richard L. DiNardo opposes this observation; he believes that the reason for this was the lack of inexperience of the German Armed Forces in a combined arms operation. In a war characterized by excesses, the decision of the German military to send an “overkill” force, is, thus, understandable. The closing German operations on the north-eastern front of World War I were closely monitored by the German press, reporting, understandably, almost exclusively on successes. The strategic goal of the German Supreme Army Command - the disruption or complete incapacitation of the Russian Armed Forces to continue the war had been achieved. The new defeat pushed the Russian Republic, suffering from internal unrest and the consequences of war, further into the embrace of the October Revolution. Following the collapse of the Provisional Government, the new Bolshevik establishment tried to reach peace with the German Empire in the Brest-Litovsk negotiations, but the path to peace was anything but easy.

Ptuj from the End of WW II to the Slovenian Independence / Ptuj od konca druge svetovne vojne do slovenske osamosvojitve

by David Hazemali and Ana Šela

Ptuj v 20. stoletju, Pokrajinski muzej Ptuj –Ormož , pp 273–295, 2018

After the Second World War, the city of Ptuj was rebuilt and lived through the changes of the soc... more After the Second World War, the city of Ptuj was rebuilt and lived through the changes of the social system, implementation of five-year plans, agrarian reforms and industrialisation. During the first decade after the war, the Yugoslav state was marked by the implementation of self-governance and social prosperity, agrarian reform through the nationalisation of the land, and industrialisation. Due to some solid business entities, such as perutnina Ptuj, Talum, textile industry, Ptuj managed to continue its growth. Despite the economic crisis occurred in the 80s of the 20th century, the economic sector and its most prominent branch – industry – grew, although the city had a rather agrarian character. The economic sector was closely followed by cultural and educational sectors which benefitted from important investments. After the war, many associations saw light, such as reading, singing, drama, in order to “move” the citizens away from macabre thoughts about the war atrocities. Numerous artists engaged in cultural activities largely contributed to the generalised preservation and dissemination processes of culture and cultural heritage. Among the most active were Janez Mežan, Drago Hasl, Štefka Cobelj, Jože Gregorc, France Mihelič and Ivan Potrč. More and more it became obvious that such a rich past and legacy had to be taken care of. Thus, some important institutions were created which are still in operation nowadays. Some of them are the museum, archives, schools, and the library. Through economic but mostly cultural growth the city of Ptuj still bears the nickname of “city-museum” of which its citizens are very proud, and the tourists admire its exceptional national and cultural heritage.

The History of the Slovene Parish of the Sacred Heart of Jesus in Barberton, Ohio / Slovenska župnija presvetega Srca Jezusovega v Barbertonu, Ohio, skozi zgodovino

by David Hazemali and Matevž Hrženjak

Bogoslovni vestnik 79, no. 2 (2019): 505–520, 2019

This article deals with the history of the Slovene ethnic parish of the Sacred Heart of Jesus in ... more This article deals with the history of the Slovene ethnic parish of the Sacred Heart of Jesus in Barberton, Ohio, founded by the members of the Slovene immigrant community of Barberton. It is based on exhaustive archival sources of the Cleveland Diocese and the newest scholarly literature. The Slovene immigrant community in Barberton, Ohio, became numerous and financially strong enough at the end of the second decade of the 20th century to support the establishment of an ethnic parish. In the 85-year history of the Slovene ethnic parish in Barberton, the local parishioners managed to build three churches and a parish school, with 12 priests in succession, 11 of which were of Slovene descent. The parish, along with the Slovene national home in Barberton, was the center of Slovene ethnic and cultural activities in the city. The parish, together with other ethnic institutions, enabled for the preservation of the Slovene-American community in the city to the present day. Due to altered circumstances – the Americanization of the 3rd and 4th generation of Slovene immigrants – the parish of the Sacred Heart of Jesus began to lose its ethnic character, and at the beginning of the 21st century it merged with the Polish ethnic parish, thus ceasing to exist. Such fate of individual ethnic parishes is also that of some other researched Slovene settlements in the United States.

The Proud Prime Evil of Hell: Characterization of Satan as the Capital Vice of Pride in Milton’s Paradise Lost / Napuhnjeno primarno zlo Pekla: Prikaz upodobitve Satana kot naglavne pregrehe napuha v Miltonovem Izgubljenem raju

ELOPE: English Language Overseas Perspectives and Enquiries 13, no. (2016): 63–76, 2016

This paper looks into the characterisation of Satan as the Capital Vice of Pride in John Milton’s... more This paper looks into the characterisation of Satan as the Capital Vice of Pride in John Milton’s Paradise Lost. It thus supports the findings of Robert Charles Fox, who in his study The Seven Deadly Sins in Paradise Lost first thoroughly analysed and comprehensively presented this issue and its importance in Milton’s epic. The authors of the study share Fox’s belief that Milton consciously used the system of the Seven Capital Vices in his epic as a structural device to present the entire scope of evil to the willing reader, and he achieved this by giving Satan and six other major denizens of Hell each the characteristics of a particular Vice. In other words, each of the seven major diabolical figures that appear in Paradise Lost embodies or personifies one of the Seven Capital Vices. As the most eloquent and characteristically perfected of the diabolical figures of Hell, Satan embodies Pride, the prime Capital Vice.

Matjaž Klemenčič in Aleš Maver, Izbrana poglavja iz zgodovine selitev od začetkov do danes [Book Review]

Študentski zgodovinski časopis 2018/2019, 2 (2019): 87–90, 2019

American Slovenians and the May Declaration / Ameriški Slovenci in Majniška deklaracija

by David Hazemali and Matjaž Klemenčič

Marko Jesenšek (ur.), Anton Korošec in sto let Majniške deklaracije, Gimnazija Franca Miklošiča Ljutomer (Ljutomer, 2020)., 2020

Im einleitenden Kapitel behandelt der Artikel die Fragen der US-Außenpolitik in der Zeit des Anfa... more Im einleitenden Kapitel behandelt der Artikel die Fragen der US-Außenpolitik in der Zeit des Anfangs des so-genannten US-Imperialismus bis zum Vorabend des Ersten Weltkrieges, die die Grundlage für das Verständnis der amerikanische Haltung gegenüber Einwanderer und Zerfall der österreichisch-ungarischen Monarchie, zum Zeitpunkt während oder nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg bilden. Der erste Kernteil des Beitrags beschäftigt sich mit der slowenisch slawischen Diaspora in den Vereinigten Staaten. Der Artikel stellt fest, dass die Slowenische Einwanderer zum Ausbruch des Ersten Weltkrieges ein gut organisiertes Netzwerk verschiedener Organisationsstrukturen schafften, die nicht nur ihr und das Leben jüngeren Generationen von Neuankömmlingen erleichterten, sondern auch die slowenische Sprache und slowenische Identität bis heute bewahrten. Auf der anderen Seite ist die slowenische Diaspora in den USA, mit einer erfolgreichen Integration in den Schmelztiegel der amerikanischen Ethnien, Politik und Wirtschaft, ein Teil der amerikanischen Kultur in der Zukunft geworden. In den zweiten Kernteil, des zweiten Teiles des Beitrages ist, grundlegend auf ausgewählten Beiträgen aus slowenischen und amerikanischen Zeitungen und einer breiten Auswahl der grundlegenden und neusten wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten über das haltende Thema, die Haltung der amerikanischen Slowenen gegenüber der Mai Deklaration in dem Kontext des breiteren Beziehung gegenüber des Ersten Weltkrieges gezeigt. Dieser Sichtweise zwischen amerikanischen Slowenen wurde nie eine besondere Aufmerksamkeit gegeben, weil die slowenischen Zeitungen, die zur Zeit der Deklarationsbewegung in der USA veröffentlicht wurden, nur auf die Berichte der ausländischen Medienhäuser gebunden und die direkten Nachrichten aus der Heimat wegen.

Marko Jesenšek (ur.), Anton Korošec in sto let Majniške deklaracije, Gimnazija Franca Miklošiča Ljutomer (Ljutomer, 2020).

Nove interpretacije izbrane pisne zapuščine slovenskih vojakov z vzhodne fronte prve svetovne vojne

by Ana Šela and David Hazemali

The Slavs from the turn of 19th and 20th Centuries until Now: Linguistic, Historical and Political Changes and Literature. Conference Compendum, 2019

Key words: First World War, Eastern Front, Russian Empire, Austria-Hungary, German Empire, Galic... more

The Great Battles of 1914 Between Austria-Hungary and the Russian Empire on the Eastern Front: A Slovenian Perspective

by David Hazemali and Ana Šela

The Slavs from the turn of 19th and 20th Centuries until Now: Linguistic, Historical and Political Changes and Literature. Conference e-compendium., 2019

This paper provides a Slovenian perspective of the great battles of 1914 between Austria-Hungary ... more This paper provides a Slovenian perspective of the great battles of 1914 between Austria-Hungary and her ally the German Empire on the one side, and the Russian Empire on the other on the "Austro-Hungarian" part of the Eastern Front in the First World War. In the course of the battles, the Austro-Hungarian armies achieved victories at Kraśnik and Komarów, but were severely defeated at Gnila Lipa and Rawa-Ruska, at which point the Austro-Hungarian Land Forces had begun to disintegrate. Together with the German Empire, the two Central powers managed to sustain the Russian offensives that followed, and by the end of 1914, prevented the Russian breakthrough into Transleithania.

Key words:
First World War, Eastern Front, Russian Empire, Austria-Hungary, German Empire, Galicia, Slovenian soldiers

The Slavs from the turn of 19th and 20th Centuries until Now: Linguistic, Historical and Political Changes and Literature. Conference e-compendium. Ljubljana, 2019.

Slovenian Americans, the United States of America, and the First World War / Slovenski Američani, Združene države Amerike in prva svetovna vojna

PhD, 2023

This doctoral dissertation is a military history-migration study of the impact of the First World... more This doctoral dissertation is a military history-migration study of the impact of the First World War on the Slovenian-American community in the United States of America (USA) as a whole on the one hand and the American cities of Cleveland (Ohio) and Ely (Minnesota) and the local Slovenian-American urban communities on the other, with a special emphasis on soldiers of Slovenian origin in the United States (US) armed forces. On American soil, the First World War saw the disregard of civil liberties by many American government bodies and a considerable part of American society, which was especially felt by immigrant ethnic communities from countries with which the USA was at war, including the Slovenian-American community. Slovenians and individuals from other immigrant ethnic communities from the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, who had not yet acquired American citizenship, were designated Enemy Aliens after the American declaration of war against Austria-Hungary on December 7, 1917, which had a key impact on their experience of the war on the 'home front'. During the First World War, the American city of Cleveland was considered the second largest "Slovenian" city in terms of population with Slovenian as the language of communication or mother tongue, following Trieste. Meanwhile, Ely was the American city with the largest share of the Slovenian population based on official American statistics regarding the mother tongue. During the war months, all spheres of human activity in Cleveland were managed by the Mayor's Advisory War Council (MAWC), while in Ely by the Ely Council of Defense. These bodies intervened in all spheres of human life through committees and subcommittees. At the time of the American entry into the First World War, Louis (Alojzij) John Pirc was appointed by the Cleveland wartime city administration as the only American of Slovenian origin to the General Board of the MAWC. This information testifies to the respect that Pirc must have received from the city's political elite at the time, as he was not only a naturalized American, of whom there were only a handful on the board, but above all, he came from a country with which the United States was at that time cut diplomatic ties, and a few months later found themselves at war. Clevelanders and Elyans were found to be entering the US armed forces through different channels, which testifies to the unimaginable dimensions of the recruitment process. The Slovenian-American communities in Cleveland and Ely experienced the draft differently. Soldiers of Slovenian origin served in various units of the American armed forces. Despite its humble beginnings, the American Expeditionary Forces (AES) had become a powerful land force by mid-1918. Frank (Franc) Lozar (Ložar), a naturalized American of Slovenian origin from Ely, also fought in the war in their composition. He was declared a war hero for his sacrifice on the battlefield, where he gave up his life. Military service, as well as the measures of the American war administration, greatly accelerated the process of naturalization of Slovenian immigrants. The AEF represented the first major display of US military power in Europe. Their arrival on the "old continent" completely overshadowed all previous US military operations in terms of sheer size and influence. In 1918, on the Western front of the First World War, soldiers of Slovenian origin, who served in the armed forces of the Danube Monarchy on the one hand and in the AEF on the other, met in battle. The established "fiery" contact between soldiers of Slovenian origin, Martin Viltužnik on one side and Maks Javorčan on the other warring side, is considered the first confirmed case of this type of contact. During the war months, the Slovenian-American fraternal benefit societies, the Slovene National Benefit Society and the Grand Carniolan Slovenian Catholic Union, established their war insurance policies parallel to the American federal war insurance legislation.