Conference Presentations by Edith Chassein (nee Hollaender)
15th IAEE European Conference, Vienna, Austria Sept 3-6, 2017, 2017
Overview The EU climate and energy package, enacted in legislation in 2008, sets a target for a 2... more Overview The EU climate and energy package, enacted in legislation in 2008, sets a target for a 20 % share of renewable energy sources (RES) on final energy demand for the European Union until 2020. That target as well as greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction and energy efficiency targets were translated into binding national objectives. The EU project progRESsHEAT aims at assisting policy makers at the local, regional, national and EU-level in developing integrated, effective and efficient policy strategies to achieve a fast and strong penetration of renewable and efficient heating and cooling systems. In different countries and regions various potentials and barriers for using renewable technologies for heating can be identified. Barriers and preliminary recommended policies are presented based on empirical results of the EU progRESsHEAT project for six target countries across Europe: Ansfelden in Austria, Litoměřice in Czech Republic, Helsingør in Denmark, Herten in Germany, Matosinhos in Portugal and Brașov in Romania. Methods In order to identify barriers for the implementation of renewable energy or alternative technologies as combined heat and power several steps were undertaken. First a literature review was done in order to describe the current research results. Three types of barriers for implementing renewable heating and cooling technologies (financial-economic, institutional-structural/market oriented and perceptual-behavioural) were classified into supply-side barriers and demand-side barriers (Doble und Bullard 2008a, 2008b; Reddy 2013): • Supply-side barriers: inhibitive factors for the implementation of renewable heating and cooling (RES-H/C) technologies. • Demand-side barriers: inhibitive factors for the use of renewable heating and cooling (RES-H/C) technologies offered by the supply side (either resulting in them using an alternative non-renewable fuel or in deciding not to replace existing heating equipment entirely). Working together with stakeholders is crucial in order to overcome the depicted barriers. For that reason a stakeholder analysis based on literature (among others Reddy 2013) was made identifying the most relevant stakeholders to be authorities (national/regional/local), final energy consumers (businesses/households), energy suppliers, technology suppliers (local professionals, producers of technologies) and others (finance corporations and insurance companies, energy agencies and energy advisors, action groups, media as well as research and development institutes). Drawing on this base from literature the barriers and stakeholders in the case studies were identified. For this reason project documents and information material from the municipalities had been analysed. In addition qualitative interviews were conducted with local stakeholders using an interview guideline. In order to gather more reliable information on a broader basis at the local level, a quantitative survey was conducted in each case study. The purpose has been to obtain information on what hinders and what fosters the use of RES heating and cooling technologies. The topics and target groups of the surveys were developed together with the scientific and local partners. The surveys were conducted in the period from June 2016 to January 2017 with different issues and target groups (households, companies and technology designers and installers) depending on the research question most relevant for each case study. Whenever possible, information from the interviews ans the surveys was crosschecked against publicly available data and against the evaluation of the scientific team of this project.
The EU Directive on energy labelling of household appliances (Directive 92/75/EC) and its revisio... more The EU Directive on energy labelling of household appliances (Directive 92/75/EC) and its revision (Directive 2010/30/EU) are quite successful in helping households choose energy efficient products (http://www.measures-odyssee-mure.eu/public/mure_pdf/household/EU12.PDF) and in motivating the industry to invest in energy efficient product design. Purchasing energy efficient appliances is, however, dependent on financial capacity, as energy efficient appliances are still expensive. Low-income households very often use second-hand appliances which are old and less efficient which implies a high potential for energy savings. So, the above mentioned directive is only one factor in the expansion of the energy efficient appliance market, bringing the products into households.
Another factor is the introduction of policy programmes which support the investment in energy efficient appliances. In the context of a research project, the framework of conditions for such a programme for low-income households has been identified. First of all, it was examined which household appliance could most effectively be funded. It turned out that a replacement programme for refrigerators is the most promising. The supporting and inhibiting factors which influence the acceptance and the success of a replacement programme for refrigerators for low-income households were identified. For the analysis the existing international policy programmes which aimed at low-income households were screened and insights from group discussions with the target group and with stakeholders such as manufacturers and municipals were gained. We concluded that the funding of a replacement for an appliance alone does not guarantee the saving of energy; some boundary conditions also have to be considered.
The retrofitting process from conventional lighting to LED lighting was scientifically moni-tored... more The retrofitting process from conventional lighting to LED lighting was scientifically moni-tored in 33 schools from February to October 2014. Therefore 4,300 students and 165 teachers have been asked by paper and pencil questionnaire about their subjective evaluation of lighting conditions before and after LED retrofitting. The results of the study give important insight into the effects of LED refurbishments in schools and on how they change the perception of indoor quality in classrooms. The study shows that LED lighting in classrooms was rated more positively than conventional lighting, although lighting conditions had no influence on reported complaints. The retrofitting process, however, was not taken up and used in teaching.
The school environment is the ideal place for including energy efficient issues in the context of... more The school environment is the ideal place for including energy efficient issues in the context of applied refurbishment measures of a school building. The refurbishment process can be used for educational purpose by discussing the topic in lesson and hereby having an impact on energy efficient behavior of the students. Exploring these effects by conducting surveys in schools is a challenge which has to be addressed carefully. There are only few papers which address the planning and realisation of school surveys (e.g. Madge et al. 2012). Against the background of sustainability our team accompanied about 50 schools in several large-scaled projects. Drawing on these experiences this paper discusses the challenges of surveys in schools and gives recommendations for future research in this field. We address the cooperation process with the schools, the content and presentation of the questionnaire, the conduction and administration of the survey as well as the resulting quality of the data.
Papers by Edith Chassein (nee Hollaender)
The EU climate and energy package, enacted in legislation in 2008, sets a target for a 20 % share... more The EU climate and energy package, enacted in legislation in 2008, sets a target for a 20 % share of renewable energy sources (RES) on final energy demand for the European Union until 2020. That target as well as greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction and energy efficiency targets were translated into binding national objectives. The EU project progRESsHEAT aims at assisting policy makers at the local, regional, national and EU-level in developing integrated, effective and efficient policy strategies to achieve a fast and strong penetration of renewable and efficient heating and cooling systems. In different countries and regions various potentials and barriers for using renewable technologies for heating can be identified. Barriers and preliminary recommended policies are presented based on empirical results of the EU progRESsHEAT project for six target countries across
Chassein, Edith; Hummel, Marcus; Kranzl, Lukas; Maurer, Christiane, Cappelletti, Floriane; Münste... more Chassein, Edith; Hummel, Marcus; Kranzl, Lukas; Maurer, Christiane, Cappelletti, Floriane; Münster, Marie; Ben Amer-Allam, Sara et al. (2017): Boosting renewable energy in heating and cooling. Fact sheet for six case studies. progRESsHEAT fact sheet of best practices and success factors and recommendations on actions and policies based on empirical results. With Contributions from: Michael Rex, Christiane Egger, Megan Lauringer, Anja Gahleitner, Jaroslav Klusák, Hugo Santos, Thomas Wiene, Martin Dam Wied, Camelia Rata and Leea Catincescu. Client: European Commission (Horizon2020).
This report sums up the results of the analysis of barriers and drivers to the deployment of heating and cooling solutions based on renewable energy sources (RES), carried out in the framework of the progRESsHEAT project (Work Package 3). Based on the review of existing policies (task 3.1, Holländer et al. 2016) and the empirical analysis of barriers and drivers (task 3.2, Chassein et al. 2017), this publication provides a status quo of energy-related policies and success factors for the promotion of heating and cooling technologies based on renewable energy sources (RES-H/C technologies)
Chassein, Edith; Roser, Annette; John, Franziska; Kranzl, Lukas; Fleiter, Tobias; Schilken, Peter... more Chassein, Edith; Roser, Annette; John, Franziska; Kranzl, Lukas; Fleiter, Tobias; Schilken, Peter (2017): Using Renewable Energy for Heating and Cooling: Barriers and Drivers at Local Level. An analysis based on a literature review and empirical results from local case studies. With Contributions from: Michael Rex, Christiane Egger, Megan Lauringer, Anja Gahleitner, Jaroslav Klusák, Hugo Santos, Thomas Wiene, Martin Dam Wied, Camelia Rata and Leea Catincescu. Client: European Commission (Horizon2020).
The main objectives of this report are to:
describe existing barriers for using and implementing technologies at
the local level, and identify ways to minimise and overcome these barriers with respect to the different circumstances and framing conditions of the target regions and
identify the relevant stakeholders in the process of implementing renewable heating and cooling technologies at centralised and decentralised levels
Holländer, Edith; Roser, Annette; Banon, Fabrice; Kitzing, Lena; Islam, Marco; Büchele, Richard (... more Holländer, Edith; Roser, Annette; Banon, Fabrice; Kitzing, Lena; Islam, Marco; Büchele, Richard (2016). Heating & cooling: Policy frameworks in six European cities, their regions and countries. progRESsHEAT Report on current regulations, support policies, and other related framework conditions on EU level, national, regional and local level for the target countries, and assessment of specific characteristics of successful regulations and policies from a local perspective. With Contributions from: Aydemir, Ali; Steinbach, Jan; Bedoya, Ignacio; Gignac, Megan; Klusák, Jaroslav; Leal, Vitor; de Oliveira Fernandes, Eduardo; Jørgensen, Morten; Dam Wied, Martin; Rata, Camelia.
Abstract: This report gives an overview of the current targets, policy instruments and measures as well as involved stakeholders for the six case study countries and municipalities within the project progRESsHEAT as well as on EU level. Besides EU directives implemented in national law, many countries, as well as several regions and municipalities, have chosen to set their own targets. These targets partly go beyond the requirements from the EU on greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction. The targets for the reduction of energy consumption and the increase of renewable energy are depicted in general in the report, however, the focus of the analysis was on specific targets and measures for renewable heating and cooling. We analysed the regulatory framework in the case study countries, regions and municipalities based on three common policy approaches, all identified as relevant for RES-H/C policy: command-and-control instruments, incentive regulation instruments and knowledge building instruments.
The cross-border comparison shows that the case study countries differ remarkably in their focus on renewable energies. While e.g. in Denmark district heating is a crucial element in the heat planning in municipalities, this is barely the case in the other target countries. While in Upper Austria a high share of renewable energies is already used, this is not the case in Litoměřice (CZ) or Brasov (RO). While most countries link renewable heat measures to insulation measures, in Portugal, one cannot find the usual focus on general investment plans approaching the demand side. Nevertheless, the countries participating in the project have the following in common: All of them have defined general targets with respect to their energy sector and furthermore they have initiated and implemented certain policy measures in order to reach them. The targets, however, vary to a great extent with respect to their specification. Whereas some have very specific goals for the heating and cooling sector, other countries and municipalities remain rather vague in their target formulation. The overviews show that the most commonly used measure at national and regional level is direct investment support accompanied by support for research, development and demonstration at national level and information campaigns at regional level. While in some cases, local policy initiatives are very advanced, providing targeted funding and running effective information campaigns, other cases still work on rather high-level issues such as the identification of RES potentials in the area. In terms of stakeholders, national ministries and regulators seem to have the largest influence on the heating and cooling sector in our case countries. Nonetheless, local authorities can make a big difference. Besides active administrative bodies in municipalities, regional energy agencies, local utilities and district heat providers are much involved in the process of heating and cooling systems planning. Cooperation and motivation of local utilities to contribute to RES-H/C development seem to be crucial factors for achieving respective targets. Consumers (households, commerce and industry) need to implement many of the energy efficiency and RES investments and should therefore be involved as well.
This report will serve as a starting point for the in-depth analysis of drivers, barriers and success factors in the case-study municipalities, and will be the basis for the modeling and scenario development later in the project.
Roser, Annette; Schakib-Ekbatan, Karin; Chassein, Edith; Banon, Fabrice; Schulz, Anna (2016). Ove... more Roser, Annette; Schakib-Ekbatan, Karin; Chassein, Edith; Banon, Fabrice; Schulz, Anna (2016). Overview and analysis of relevant projects and apps linked to THE4BEES. Project Report.
This report gives an overview of the current targets, policy instruments and measures as well as ... more This report gives an overview of the current targets, policy instruments and measures as well as involved stakeholders for the six case study countries and municipalities within the project progRESsHEAT as well as on EU level. Besides EU directives implemented in national law, many countries, as well as several regions and municipalities, have chosen to set their own targets. These targets partly go beyond the requirements from the EU on greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction. The targets for the reduction of energy consumption and the increase of renewable energy are depicted in general in the report, however, the focus of the analysis was on specific targets and measures for renewable heating and cooling. We analysed the regulatory framework in the case study countries, regions and municipalities based on three common policy approaches, all identified as relevant for RES-H/C policy: command-and-control instruments, incentive regulation instruments and knowledge building instruments.
Die vorliegende Studie hat die Umrüstung der Beleuchtung in 33 Schulen auf LED wissenschaftlich b... more Die vorliegende Studie hat die Umrüstung der Beleuchtung in 33 Schulen auf LED wissenschaftlich begleitet. Dabei standen sowohl sozial-wissenschaftliche als auch technische Aspekte im Vordergrund.
Das wichtigste Ergebnis der sozialwissenschaftlichen Erhebung ist, dass die LED-Beleuchtung um fast eine Schulnote besser bewertet wurde als die Beleuchtung vor der Sanierung („gut“ vs. „befriedigend“). Die neue Beleuchtung wird akzeptiert, als positiv wahrgenommen und kann zu einer Verbesserung des Lernklimas beitragen. Die gute Akzeptanz der neuen Technologie könnte weiter erhöht werden, wenn das Thema „LED“ im Rahmen der Sanierungsmaßnahmen im Unterricht aufgegriffen würde.
Die messtechnischen Untersuchungen können eine zufriedenstellende Beleuchtungsstärke, Farbtemperatur und Farbwiedergabe der Beleuchtung bei reduziertem Energieverbrauch nachweisen. Die neuen Beleuchtungsinstallationen genügen dabei den aktuell gültigen Normen. Die Studie zeigt auch, dass die LED-Beleuchtung teilweise als zu hell wahrgenommen wird und legt nahe, dass die Beleuchtungsnormen beim Einsatz von LED ggf. überdacht werden müssen.
Die gleichmäßige Ausleuchtung der Klassenräume lässt in einigen Fällen zu wünschen übrig, was den Stellenwert einer sorgfältigen Lichtplanung beim Einsatz der LED-Technologie aufzeigt.
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Conference Presentations by Edith Chassein (nee Hollaender)
Another factor is the introduction of policy programmes which support the investment in energy efficient appliances. In the context of a research project, the framework of conditions for such a programme for low-income households has been identified. First of all, it was examined which household appliance could most effectively be funded. It turned out that a replacement programme for refrigerators is the most promising. The supporting and inhibiting factors which influence the acceptance and the success of a replacement programme for refrigerators for low-income households were identified. For the analysis the existing international policy programmes which aimed at low-income households were screened and insights from group discussions with the target group and with stakeholders such as manufacturers and municipals were gained. We concluded that the funding of a replacement for an appliance alone does not guarantee the saving of energy; some boundary conditions also have to be considered.
Papers by Edith Chassein (nee Hollaender)
This report sums up the results of the analysis of barriers and drivers to the deployment of heating and cooling solutions based on renewable energy sources (RES), carried out in the framework of the progRESsHEAT project (Work Package 3). Based on the review of existing policies (task 3.1, Holländer et al. 2016) and the empirical analysis of barriers and drivers (task 3.2, Chassein et al. 2017), this publication provides a status quo of energy-related policies and success factors for the promotion of heating and cooling technologies based on renewable energy sources (RES-H/C technologies)
The main objectives of this report are to:
describe existing barriers for using and implementing technologies at
the local level, and identify ways to minimise and overcome these barriers with respect to the different circumstances and framing conditions of the target regions and
identify the relevant stakeholders in the process of implementing renewable heating and cooling technologies at centralised and decentralised levels
Abstract: This report gives an overview of the current targets, policy instruments and measures as well as involved stakeholders for the six case study countries and municipalities within the project progRESsHEAT as well as on EU level. Besides EU directives implemented in national law, many countries, as well as several regions and municipalities, have chosen to set their own targets. These targets partly go beyond the requirements from the EU on greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction. The targets for the reduction of energy consumption and the increase of renewable energy are depicted in general in the report, however, the focus of the analysis was on specific targets and measures for renewable heating and cooling. We analysed the regulatory framework in the case study countries, regions and municipalities based on three common policy approaches, all identified as relevant for RES-H/C policy: command-and-control instruments, incentive regulation instruments and knowledge building instruments.
The cross-border comparison shows that the case study countries differ remarkably in their focus on renewable energies. While e.g. in Denmark district heating is a crucial element in the heat planning in municipalities, this is barely the case in the other target countries. While in Upper Austria a high share of renewable energies is already used, this is not the case in Litoměřice (CZ) or Brasov (RO). While most countries link renewable heat measures to insulation measures, in Portugal, one cannot find the usual focus on general investment plans approaching the demand side. Nevertheless, the countries participating in the project have the following in common: All of them have defined general targets with respect to their energy sector and furthermore they have initiated and implemented certain policy measures in order to reach them. The targets, however, vary to a great extent with respect to their specification. Whereas some have very specific goals for the heating and cooling sector, other countries and municipalities remain rather vague in their target formulation. The overviews show that the most commonly used measure at national and regional level is direct investment support accompanied by support for research, development and demonstration at national level and information campaigns at regional level. While in some cases, local policy initiatives are very advanced, providing targeted funding and running effective information campaigns, other cases still work on rather high-level issues such as the identification of RES potentials in the area. In terms of stakeholders, national ministries and regulators seem to have the largest influence on the heating and cooling sector in our case countries. Nonetheless, local authorities can make a big difference. Besides active administrative bodies in municipalities, regional energy agencies, local utilities and district heat providers are much involved in the process of heating and cooling systems planning. Cooperation and motivation of local utilities to contribute to RES-H/C development seem to be crucial factors for achieving respective targets. Consumers (households, commerce and industry) need to implement many of the energy efficiency and RES investments and should therefore be involved as well.
This report will serve as a starting point for the in-depth analysis of drivers, barriers and success factors in the case-study municipalities, and will be the basis for the modeling and scenario development later in the project.
Das wichtigste Ergebnis der sozialwissenschaftlichen Erhebung ist, dass die LED-Beleuchtung um fast eine Schulnote besser bewertet wurde als die Beleuchtung vor der Sanierung („gut“ vs. „befriedigend“). Die neue Beleuchtung wird akzeptiert, als positiv wahrgenommen und kann zu einer Verbesserung des Lernklimas beitragen. Die gute Akzeptanz der neuen Technologie könnte weiter erhöht werden, wenn das Thema „LED“ im Rahmen der Sanierungsmaßnahmen im Unterricht aufgegriffen würde.
Die messtechnischen Untersuchungen können eine zufriedenstellende Beleuchtungsstärke, Farbtemperatur und Farbwiedergabe der Beleuchtung bei reduziertem Energieverbrauch nachweisen. Die neuen Beleuchtungsinstallationen genügen dabei den aktuell gültigen Normen. Die Studie zeigt auch, dass die LED-Beleuchtung teilweise als zu hell wahrgenommen wird und legt nahe, dass die Beleuchtungsnormen beim Einsatz von LED ggf. überdacht werden müssen.
Die gleichmäßige Ausleuchtung der Klassenräume lässt in einigen Fällen zu wünschen übrig, was den Stellenwert einer sorgfältigen Lichtplanung beim Einsatz der LED-Technologie aufzeigt.
Another factor is the introduction of policy programmes which support the investment in energy efficient appliances. In the context of a research project, the framework of conditions for such a programme for low-income households has been identified. First of all, it was examined which household appliance could most effectively be funded. It turned out that a replacement programme for refrigerators is the most promising. The supporting and inhibiting factors which influence the acceptance and the success of a replacement programme for refrigerators for low-income households were identified. For the analysis the existing international policy programmes which aimed at low-income households were screened and insights from group discussions with the target group and with stakeholders such as manufacturers and municipals were gained. We concluded that the funding of a replacement for an appliance alone does not guarantee the saving of energy; some boundary conditions also have to be considered.
This report sums up the results of the analysis of barriers and drivers to the deployment of heating and cooling solutions based on renewable energy sources (RES), carried out in the framework of the progRESsHEAT project (Work Package 3). Based on the review of existing policies (task 3.1, Holländer et al. 2016) and the empirical analysis of barriers and drivers (task 3.2, Chassein et al. 2017), this publication provides a status quo of energy-related policies and success factors for the promotion of heating and cooling technologies based on renewable energy sources (RES-H/C technologies)
The main objectives of this report are to:
describe existing barriers for using and implementing technologies at
the local level, and identify ways to minimise and overcome these barriers with respect to the different circumstances and framing conditions of the target regions and
identify the relevant stakeholders in the process of implementing renewable heating and cooling technologies at centralised and decentralised levels
Abstract: This report gives an overview of the current targets, policy instruments and measures as well as involved stakeholders for the six case study countries and municipalities within the project progRESsHEAT as well as on EU level. Besides EU directives implemented in national law, many countries, as well as several regions and municipalities, have chosen to set their own targets. These targets partly go beyond the requirements from the EU on greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction. The targets for the reduction of energy consumption and the increase of renewable energy are depicted in general in the report, however, the focus of the analysis was on specific targets and measures for renewable heating and cooling. We analysed the regulatory framework in the case study countries, regions and municipalities based on three common policy approaches, all identified as relevant for RES-H/C policy: command-and-control instruments, incentive regulation instruments and knowledge building instruments.
The cross-border comparison shows that the case study countries differ remarkably in their focus on renewable energies. While e.g. in Denmark district heating is a crucial element in the heat planning in municipalities, this is barely the case in the other target countries. While in Upper Austria a high share of renewable energies is already used, this is not the case in Litoměřice (CZ) or Brasov (RO). While most countries link renewable heat measures to insulation measures, in Portugal, one cannot find the usual focus on general investment plans approaching the demand side. Nevertheless, the countries participating in the project have the following in common: All of them have defined general targets with respect to their energy sector and furthermore they have initiated and implemented certain policy measures in order to reach them. The targets, however, vary to a great extent with respect to their specification. Whereas some have very specific goals for the heating and cooling sector, other countries and municipalities remain rather vague in their target formulation. The overviews show that the most commonly used measure at national and regional level is direct investment support accompanied by support for research, development and demonstration at national level and information campaigns at regional level. While in some cases, local policy initiatives are very advanced, providing targeted funding and running effective information campaigns, other cases still work on rather high-level issues such as the identification of RES potentials in the area. In terms of stakeholders, national ministries and regulators seem to have the largest influence on the heating and cooling sector in our case countries. Nonetheless, local authorities can make a big difference. Besides active administrative bodies in municipalities, regional energy agencies, local utilities and district heat providers are much involved in the process of heating and cooling systems planning. Cooperation and motivation of local utilities to contribute to RES-H/C development seem to be crucial factors for achieving respective targets. Consumers (households, commerce and industry) need to implement many of the energy efficiency and RES investments and should therefore be involved as well.
This report will serve as a starting point for the in-depth analysis of drivers, barriers and success factors in the case-study municipalities, and will be the basis for the modeling and scenario development later in the project.
Das wichtigste Ergebnis der sozialwissenschaftlichen Erhebung ist, dass die LED-Beleuchtung um fast eine Schulnote besser bewertet wurde als die Beleuchtung vor der Sanierung („gut“ vs. „befriedigend“). Die neue Beleuchtung wird akzeptiert, als positiv wahrgenommen und kann zu einer Verbesserung des Lernklimas beitragen. Die gute Akzeptanz der neuen Technologie könnte weiter erhöht werden, wenn das Thema „LED“ im Rahmen der Sanierungsmaßnahmen im Unterricht aufgegriffen würde.
Die messtechnischen Untersuchungen können eine zufriedenstellende Beleuchtungsstärke, Farbtemperatur und Farbwiedergabe der Beleuchtung bei reduziertem Energieverbrauch nachweisen. Die neuen Beleuchtungsinstallationen genügen dabei den aktuell gültigen Normen. Die Studie zeigt auch, dass die LED-Beleuchtung teilweise als zu hell wahrgenommen wird und legt nahe, dass die Beleuchtungsnormen beim Einsatz von LED ggf. überdacht werden müssen.
Die gleichmäßige Ausleuchtung der Klassenräume lässt in einigen Fällen zu wünschen übrig, was den Stellenwert einer sorgfältigen Lichtplanung beim Einsatz der LED-Technologie aufzeigt.