Farmingwas established in Central Europe by the Linearbandkeramik culture (LBK), a well-investiga... more Farmingwas established in Central Europe by the Linearbandkeramik culture (LBK), a well-investigated archaeological horizon, which emerged in the Carpathian Basin, in today’s Hungary. However, the genetic background of the LBK genesis is yet unclear. Here we present 9 Y chromosomal and 84 mitochondrial DNA profiles from Mesolithic, Neolithic Starcˇevo and LBK sites (seventh/sixth millennia BC) from the Carpathian Basin and southeastern Europe. We detect genetic continuity of both maternal and paternal elements during the initial spread of agriculture, and confirm the substantial genetic impact of early southeastern European and Carpathian Basin farming cultures on Central European populations of the sixth–fourth millennia BC. Comprehensive Y chromosomal and mitochondrial DNA population genetic analyses demonstrate a clear affinity of the early farmers to the modern Near East and Caucasus, tracing the expansion from that region through southeastern Europe and the Carpathian Basin into Central Europe. However, our results also reveal contrasting patterns for male and female genetic diversity in the European Neolithic, suggesting a system of patrilineal descent and patrilocal residential rules among the early farmers.
Farmingwas established in Central Europe by the Linearbandkeramik culture
(LBK), a well-investiga... more Farmingwas established in Central Europe by the Linearbandkeramik culture (LBK), a well-investigated archaeological horizon, which emerged in the Carpathian Basin, in today’s Hungary. However, the genetic background of the LBK genesis is yet unclear. Herewe present 9 Y chromosomal and 84 mitochondrial DNA profiles from Mesolithic, Neolithic Starcˇevo and LBK sites (seventh/sixth millennia BC) from the Carpathian Basin and southeastern Europe. We detect genetic continuity of both maternal and paternal elements during the initial spread of agriculture, and confirm the substantial genetic impact of early southeastern European and Carpathian Basin farming cultures on Central European populations of the sixth–fourth millennia BC. Comprehensive Y chromosomal and mitochondrial DNA population genetic analyses demonstrate a clear affinity of the early farmers to the modern Near East and Caucasus, tracing the expansion from that region through southeastern Europe and the Carpathian Basin into Central Europe. However, our results also reveal contrasting patterns for male and female genetic diversity in the European Neolithic, suggesting a system of patrilineal descent and patrilocal residential rules among the early farmers.
The panels of 9–17 Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) currently used in forensic genetic... more The panels of 9–17 Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) currently used in forensic genetics have adequate resolution of different paternal lineages in many human populations, but have lower abilities to separate paternal lineages in populations expressing low Y-chromosome diversity. Moreover, current Y-STR sets usually fail to differentiate between related males who belong to the same paternal lineage and, as a consequence, conclusions cannot be drawn on the individual level as is desirable for forensic interpretations. Recently, we identified a new panel of rapidly mutating (RM) Y-STRs, composed of 13 markers with mutation rates above 1 × 10−2, whereas most Y-STRs, including all currently used in forensics, have mutation rates in the order of 1 × 10−3 or lower. In the present study, we demonstrate in 604 unrelated males sampled from 51 worldwide populations (HGDP-CEPH) that the RM Y-STRs provide substantially higher haplotype diversity and haplotype discrimination capacity (with only 3 haplotypes shared between 8 of the 604 worldwide males), than obtained with the largest set of 17 currently used Y-STRs (Yfiler) in the same samples (33 haplotypes shared between 85 males). Hence, RM Y-STRs yield high-resolution paternal lineage differentiation and provide a considerable improvement compared to Yfiler. We also find in this worldwide dataset substantially less genetic population substructure within and between geographic regions with RM Y-STRs than with Yfiler Y-STRs. Furthermore, with the present study we provide enhanced data evidence that the RM Y-STR panel is extremely successful in differentiating between closely and distantly related males. Among 305 male relatives, paternally connected by 1–20 meiotic transfers in 127 independent pedigrees, we show that 66% were separated by mutation events with the RM Y-STR panel whereas only 15% were with Yfiler; hence, RM Y-STRs provide a statistically significant 4.4-fold increase of average male relative differentiation relative to Yfiler. The RM Y-STR panel is powerful enough to separate closely related males; nearly 50% of the father and sons, and 60% of brothers could be distinguished with RM Y-STRs, whereas only 7.7% and 8%, respectively, with Yfiler. Thus, by introducing RM Y-STRs to the forensic genetic community we provide important solutions to several of the current limitations of Y chromosome analysis in forensic genetics.
The Linearbandkeramik (LBK) arose around 5500 BC in the Carpathian Basin in present-day Hungary. ... more The Linearbandkeramik (LBK) arose around 5500 BC in the Carpathian Basin in present-day Hungary. From its Western Hungarian origins (Transdanubia), the LBK quickly expanded further westwards, introducing the novel technologies of the sedentary Neolithic lifestyle, including agriculture and animal husbandry, to Central Europe.
To the east of the Transdanubian LBK, a contemporary group arose, replacing the preceding Körös culture on the Great Hungarian Plain: the Alföld LBK. Contrary to its western relative, the Alföld LBK remained within circumscribed geographical limits, eventually differentiating into various regional subgroups; it was succeeded by the late Neolithic Tisza culture.
The present study is part of a larger multidisciplinary project that aims to elucidate the Neolithic of the Carpathian Basin. Isotope and ancient DNA (aDNA) analyses are combined with archaeological and anthropological data to reconstruct the origin, development and interconnections of Neolithic populations from both regions (Transdanubia and Great Hungarian Plain). The diachronous nature of the study, which includes early, middle and late Neolithic cultures, allows us to track the complicated process of neolithisation through time as well as space.
This presentation will focus on what aDNA analysis reveals about the Neolithic cultures of the Great Hungarian Plain and their relationship with their western neighbours.
Farmingwas established in Central Europe by the Linearbandkeramik culture (LBK), a well-investiga... more Farmingwas established in Central Europe by the Linearbandkeramik culture (LBK), a well-investigated archaeological horizon, which emerged in the Carpathian Basin, in today’s Hungary. However, the genetic background of the LBK genesis is yet unclear. Here we present 9 Y chromosomal and 84 mitochondrial DNA profiles from Mesolithic, Neolithic Starcˇevo and LBK sites (seventh/sixth millennia BC) from the Carpathian Basin and southeastern Europe. We detect genetic continuity of both maternal and paternal elements during the initial spread of agriculture, and confirm the substantial genetic impact of early southeastern European and Carpathian Basin farming cultures on Central European populations of the sixth–fourth millennia BC. Comprehensive Y chromosomal and mitochondrial DNA population genetic analyses demonstrate a clear affinity of the early farmers to the modern Near East and Caucasus, tracing the expansion from that region through southeastern Europe and the Carpathian Basin into Central Europe. However, our results also reveal contrasting patterns for male and female genetic diversity in the European Neolithic, suggesting a system of patrilineal descent and patrilocal residential rules among the early farmers.
Farmingwas established in Central Europe by the Linearbandkeramik culture
(LBK), a well-investiga... more Farmingwas established in Central Europe by the Linearbandkeramik culture (LBK), a well-investigated archaeological horizon, which emerged in the Carpathian Basin, in today’s Hungary. However, the genetic background of the LBK genesis is yet unclear. Herewe present 9 Y chromosomal and 84 mitochondrial DNA profiles from Mesolithic, Neolithic Starcˇevo and LBK sites (seventh/sixth millennia BC) from the Carpathian Basin and southeastern Europe. We detect genetic continuity of both maternal and paternal elements during the initial spread of agriculture, and confirm the substantial genetic impact of early southeastern European and Carpathian Basin farming cultures on Central European populations of the sixth–fourth millennia BC. Comprehensive Y chromosomal and mitochondrial DNA population genetic analyses demonstrate a clear affinity of the early farmers to the modern Near East and Caucasus, tracing the expansion from that region through southeastern Europe and the Carpathian Basin into Central Europe. However, our results also reveal contrasting patterns for male and female genetic diversity in the European Neolithic, suggesting a system of patrilineal descent and patrilocal residential rules among the early farmers.
The panels of 9–17 Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) currently used in forensic genetic... more The panels of 9–17 Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) currently used in forensic genetics have adequate resolution of different paternal lineages in many human populations, but have lower abilities to separate paternal lineages in populations expressing low Y-chromosome diversity. Moreover, current Y-STR sets usually fail to differentiate between related males who belong to the same paternal lineage and, as a consequence, conclusions cannot be drawn on the individual level as is desirable for forensic interpretations. Recently, we identified a new panel of rapidly mutating (RM) Y-STRs, composed of 13 markers with mutation rates above 1 × 10−2, whereas most Y-STRs, including all currently used in forensics, have mutation rates in the order of 1 × 10−3 or lower. In the present study, we demonstrate in 604 unrelated males sampled from 51 worldwide populations (HGDP-CEPH) that the RM Y-STRs provide substantially higher haplotype diversity and haplotype discrimination capacity (with only 3 haplotypes shared between 8 of the 604 worldwide males), than obtained with the largest set of 17 currently used Y-STRs (Yfiler) in the same samples (33 haplotypes shared between 85 males). Hence, RM Y-STRs yield high-resolution paternal lineage differentiation and provide a considerable improvement compared to Yfiler. We also find in this worldwide dataset substantially less genetic population substructure within and between geographic regions with RM Y-STRs than with Yfiler Y-STRs. Furthermore, with the present study we provide enhanced data evidence that the RM Y-STR panel is extremely successful in differentiating between closely and distantly related males. Among 305 male relatives, paternally connected by 1–20 meiotic transfers in 127 independent pedigrees, we show that 66% were separated by mutation events with the RM Y-STR panel whereas only 15% were with Yfiler; hence, RM Y-STRs provide a statistically significant 4.4-fold increase of average male relative differentiation relative to Yfiler. The RM Y-STR panel is powerful enough to separate closely related males; nearly 50% of the father and sons, and 60% of brothers could be distinguished with RM Y-STRs, whereas only 7.7% and 8%, respectively, with Yfiler. Thus, by introducing RM Y-STRs to the forensic genetic community we provide important solutions to several of the current limitations of Y chromosome analysis in forensic genetics.
The Linearbandkeramik (LBK) arose around 5500 BC in the Carpathian Basin in present-day Hungary. ... more The Linearbandkeramik (LBK) arose around 5500 BC in the Carpathian Basin in present-day Hungary. From its Western Hungarian origins (Transdanubia), the LBK quickly expanded further westwards, introducing the novel technologies of the sedentary Neolithic lifestyle, including agriculture and animal husbandry, to Central Europe.
To the east of the Transdanubian LBK, a contemporary group arose, replacing the preceding Körös culture on the Great Hungarian Plain: the Alföld LBK. Contrary to its western relative, the Alföld LBK remained within circumscribed geographical limits, eventually differentiating into various regional subgroups; it was succeeded by the late Neolithic Tisza culture.
The present study is part of a larger multidisciplinary project that aims to elucidate the Neolithic of the Carpathian Basin. Isotope and ancient DNA (aDNA) analyses are combined with archaeological and anthropological data to reconstruct the origin, development and interconnections of Neolithic populations from both regions (Transdanubia and Great Hungarian Plain). The diachronous nature of the study, which includes early, middle and late Neolithic cultures, allows us to track the complicated process of neolithisation through time as well as space.
This presentation will focus on what aDNA analysis reveals about the Neolithic cultures of the Great Hungarian Plain and their relationship with their western neighbours.
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Papers by Victoria Keerl
Carpathian Basin, in today’s Hungary. However, the genetic background of the LBK genesis is yet unclear. Here we present 9 Y chromosomal and 84 mitochondrial DNA profiles from Mesolithic, Neolithic Starcˇevo and LBK sites (seventh/sixth millennia BC) from the Carpathian Basin and southeastern
Europe. We detect genetic continuity of both maternal and paternal elements during the initial spread of agriculture, and confirm the substantial genetic impact of early southeastern European and Carpathian Basin farming cultures on Central European populations of the sixth–fourth millennia BC.
Comprehensive Y chromosomal and mitochondrial DNA population genetic analyses demonstrate a clear affinity of the early farmers to the modern Near East and Caucasus, tracing the expansion from that region through southeastern Europe and the Carpathian Basin into Central Europe. However,
our results also reveal contrasting patterns for male and female genetic diversity in the European Neolithic, suggesting a system of patrilineal descent and patrilocal residential rules among the early farmers.
(LBK), a well-investigated archaeological horizon, which emerged in the
Carpathian Basin, in today’s Hungary. However, the genetic background of
the LBK genesis is yet unclear. Herewe present 9 Y chromosomal and 84 mitochondrial
DNA profiles from Mesolithic, Neolithic Starcˇevo and LBK sites
(seventh/sixth millennia BC) from the Carpathian Basin and southeastern
Europe. We detect genetic continuity of both maternal and paternal elements
during the initial spread of agriculture, and confirm the substantial genetic
impact of early southeastern European and Carpathian Basin farming cultures
on Central European populations of the sixth–fourth millennia BC.
Comprehensive Y chromosomal and mitochondrial DNA population genetic
analyses demonstrate a clear affinity of the early farmers to the modern
Near East and Caucasus, tracing the expansion from that region through
southeastern Europe and the Carpathian Basin into Central Europe. However,
our results also reveal contrasting patterns for male and female genetic diversity
in the European Neolithic, suggesting a system of patrilineal descent and
patrilocal residential rules among the early farmers.
Talks by Victoria Keerl
To the east of the Transdanubian LBK, a contemporary group arose, replacing the preceding Körös culture on the Great Hungarian Plain: the Alföld LBK. Contrary to its western relative, the Alföld LBK remained within circumscribed geographical limits, eventually differentiating into various regional subgroups; it was succeeded by the late Neolithic Tisza culture.
The present study is part of a larger multidisciplinary project that aims to elucidate the Neolithic of the Carpathian Basin. Isotope and ancient DNA (aDNA) analyses are combined with archaeological and anthropological data to reconstruct the origin, development and interconnections of Neolithic populations from both regions (Transdanubia and Great Hungarian Plain). The diachronous nature of the study, which includes early, middle and late Neolithic cultures, allows us to track the complicated process of neolithisation through time as well as space.
This presentation will focus on what aDNA analysis reveals about the Neolithic cultures of the Great Hungarian Plain and their relationship with their western neighbours.
Carpathian Basin, in today’s Hungary. However, the genetic background of the LBK genesis is yet unclear. Here we present 9 Y chromosomal and 84 mitochondrial DNA profiles from Mesolithic, Neolithic Starcˇevo and LBK sites (seventh/sixth millennia BC) from the Carpathian Basin and southeastern
Europe. We detect genetic continuity of both maternal and paternal elements during the initial spread of agriculture, and confirm the substantial genetic impact of early southeastern European and Carpathian Basin farming cultures on Central European populations of the sixth–fourth millennia BC.
Comprehensive Y chromosomal and mitochondrial DNA population genetic analyses demonstrate a clear affinity of the early farmers to the modern Near East and Caucasus, tracing the expansion from that region through southeastern Europe and the Carpathian Basin into Central Europe. However,
our results also reveal contrasting patterns for male and female genetic diversity in the European Neolithic, suggesting a system of patrilineal descent and patrilocal residential rules among the early farmers.
(LBK), a well-investigated archaeological horizon, which emerged in the
Carpathian Basin, in today’s Hungary. However, the genetic background of
the LBK genesis is yet unclear. Herewe present 9 Y chromosomal and 84 mitochondrial
DNA profiles from Mesolithic, Neolithic Starcˇevo and LBK sites
(seventh/sixth millennia BC) from the Carpathian Basin and southeastern
Europe. We detect genetic continuity of both maternal and paternal elements
during the initial spread of agriculture, and confirm the substantial genetic
impact of early southeastern European and Carpathian Basin farming cultures
on Central European populations of the sixth–fourth millennia BC.
Comprehensive Y chromosomal and mitochondrial DNA population genetic
analyses demonstrate a clear affinity of the early farmers to the modern
Near East and Caucasus, tracing the expansion from that region through
southeastern Europe and the Carpathian Basin into Central Europe. However,
our results also reveal contrasting patterns for male and female genetic diversity
in the European Neolithic, suggesting a system of patrilineal descent and
patrilocal residential rules among the early farmers.
To the east of the Transdanubian LBK, a contemporary group arose, replacing the preceding Körös culture on the Great Hungarian Plain: the Alföld LBK. Contrary to its western relative, the Alföld LBK remained within circumscribed geographical limits, eventually differentiating into various regional subgroups; it was succeeded by the late Neolithic Tisza culture.
The present study is part of a larger multidisciplinary project that aims to elucidate the Neolithic of the Carpathian Basin. Isotope and ancient DNA (aDNA) analyses are combined with archaeological and anthropological data to reconstruct the origin, development and interconnections of Neolithic populations from both regions (Transdanubia and Great Hungarian Plain). The diachronous nature of the study, which includes early, middle and late Neolithic cultures, allows us to track the complicated process of neolithisation through time as well as space.
This presentation will focus on what aDNA analysis reveals about the Neolithic cultures of the Great Hungarian Plain and their relationship with their western neighbours.