The author(s) shown below used Federal funds provided by the U.S. Department of Justice and prepa... more The author(s) shown below used Federal funds provided by the U.S. Department of Justice and prepared the following final report:
Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 2022
Purpose: Drawing on concepts from strain, feminist, and life-course perspectives, we investigate ... more Purpose: Drawing on concepts from strain, feminist, and life-course perspectives, we investigate the proximal effects of strain on violence and serious drug use along with the distal “carryover” effects of childhood abuse among women. Methods: Using 36 months of retrospective data collected from 778 incarcerated women, we estimate monthly within-person effects of four types of strain experienced in adulthood (i.e., negative life events and three forms of victimization) on respondent-initiated violence and serious drug use. Cross-level interactions assess the moderating “carryover” effects of childhood abuse and cumulative adversity. Results: Negative life events increased women's initiation of violence and serious drug use. Having a near violent experience was positively associated with violence, while violent conflict increased drug use. Experiencing both childhood physical and sexual abuse accentuated the effect of predatory victimization on violence, and physical victimizatio...
This is the protocol for an updated Campbell review on corporate crime deterrence. Our overall ob... more This is the protocol for an updated Campbell review on corporate crime deterrence. Our overall objective is to identify and synthesize the extant empirical literature on formal legal and administrative prevention and control—that is, the actions and programs of government law enforcement agencies, legislative bodies, and regulatory agencies within a specific focus, as further discussed in this study. This review will consider all types of legal and regulatory practices as long as corporate crime prevention is part of the outcome. Other outcomes and information, if relevant, will also be collected.
Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 1995
Using data drawn from a factorial survey, this research examines the degree to which decisions to... more Using data drawn from a factorial survey, this research examines the degree to which decisions to engage in corporate crime are affected by perceived informal sanction threats. Specifically, the analysis examines whether the perceived risk of informal detection and social costs associated with that risk inhibit offending decisions in an additive or interactive manner. Perceived formal sanction threats at the individual and firm levels and moral beliefs concerning the illegal activity are included as control variables in this analysis. Findings indicate that the perceived risk of informal detection and the perceived social costs of informal detection do not decrease levels of intended behavior in either an additive or multiplicative fashion. However, informal sanction certainty, perceived immorality of the act, and several individual- and firm-level characteristics are related significantly to offending decisions.
We combine prior research on ethical decision-making in organizations with a rational choice theo... more We combine prior research on ethical decision-making in organizations with a rational choice theory of corporate crime from criminology to develop a model of corporate offending that is tested with a sample of U.S. managers. Despite demands for increased sanctioning of corporate offenders, we find that the threat of legal action does not directly affect the likelihood of misconduct. Managers ’ evaluations of the ethics of the act, measured using a multidimensional ethics scale, have a significant effect, as do outcome expectancies that result from being associated with the misconduct but not facing formal sanctions. The threat of formal sanctions appears to operate indirectly, influencing ethical evaluations and outcome expectancies. Obedience to authority also affects illegal intentions, with managers reporting higher prospective offending when they are ordered to engage in misconduct by a supervisor. Why do managers engage in unethical and illegal behavior? What are likely to be e...
The author(s) shown below used Federal funds provided by the U.S. Department of Justice and prepa... more The author(s) shown below used Federal funds provided by the U.S. Department of Justice and prepared the following final report:
Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 2022
Purpose: Drawing on concepts from strain, feminist, and life-course perspectives, we investigate ... more Purpose: Drawing on concepts from strain, feminist, and life-course perspectives, we investigate the proximal effects of strain on violence and serious drug use along with the distal “carryover” effects of childhood abuse among women. Methods: Using 36 months of retrospective data collected from 778 incarcerated women, we estimate monthly within-person effects of four types of strain experienced in adulthood (i.e., negative life events and three forms of victimization) on respondent-initiated violence and serious drug use. Cross-level interactions assess the moderating “carryover” effects of childhood abuse and cumulative adversity. Results: Negative life events increased women's initiation of violence and serious drug use. Having a near violent experience was positively associated with violence, while violent conflict increased drug use. Experiencing both childhood physical and sexual abuse accentuated the effect of predatory victimization on violence, and physical victimizatio...
This is the protocol for an updated Campbell review on corporate crime deterrence. Our overall ob... more This is the protocol for an updated Campbell review on corporate crime deterrence. Our overall objective is to identify and synthesize the extant empirical literature on formal legal and administrative prevention and control—that is, the actions and programs of government law enforcement agencies, legislative bodies, and regulatory agencies within a specific focus, as further discussed in this study. This review will consider all types of legal and regulatory practices as long as corporate crime prevention is part of the outcome. Other outcomes and information, if relevant, will also be collected.
Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 1995
Using data drawn from a factorial survey, this research examines the degree to which decisions to... more Using data drawn from a factorial survey, this research examines the degree to which decisions to engage in corporate crime are affected by perceived informal sanction threats. Specifically, the analysis examines whether the perceived risk of informal detection and social costs associated with that risk inhibit offending decisions in an additive or interactive manner. Perceived formal sanction threats at the individual and firm levels and moral beliefs concerning the illegal activity are included as control variables in this analysis. Findings indicate that the perceived risk of informal detection and the perceived social costs of informal detection do not decrease levels of intended behavior in either an additive or multiplicative fashion. However, informal sanction certainty, perceived immorality of the act, and several individual- and firm-level characteristics are related significantly to offending decisions.
We combine prior research on ethical decision-making in organizations with a rational choice theo... more We combine prior research on ethical decision-making in organizations with a rational choice theory of corporate crime from criminology to develop a model of corporate offending that is tested with a sample of U.S. managers. Despite demands for increased sanctioning of corporate offenders, we find that the threat of legal action does not directly affect the likelihood of misconduct. Managers ’ evaluations of the ethics of the act, measured using a multidimensional ethics scale, have a significant effect, as do outcome expectancies that result from being associated with the misconduct but not facing formal sanctions. The threat of formal sanctions appears to operate indirectly, influencing ethical evaluations and outcome expectancies. Obedience to authority also affects illegal intentions, with managers reporting higher prospective offending when they are ordered to engage in misconduct by a supervisor. Why do managers engage in unethical and illegal behavior? What are likely to be e...
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