The aim of this article is to analyze briefly the nature of diplomacy of the Slovak Republic at t... more The aim of this article is to analyze briefly the nature of diplomacy of the Slovak Republic at the threshold of the 21st century, that is shaped by the processes of globalization and integration, as well as by the position of a small state in international relations. In the first part, attention is paid to the European dimension of diplomacy, which is considered in three separate levels: firstly, the level of European diplomacy or participation at the single diplomatic action of the EU in relation to the third states, secondly, in connection with multilateral diplomacy at the EU level and, finally, at the level of bilateral diplomacy among EU member states. In the second chapter, the economic dimension of diplomacy is discussed. This is of particular importance, because of the "openess" of the Slovak economy. In present days, Slovak commercial diplomacy is shaped also by the phenomenon of transnational companies as a specific kind of enterprises. In the third part, attent...
The article evaluates the representation of three Southeastern European countries -Slovenia, Roma... more The article evaluates the representation of three Southeastern European countries -Slovenia, Romania and Croatia- in the staff of the diplomatic service of the European Union, European External Action Service in the period of 2012-2017. The assessment is focused on the development of the representation of these countries in the three most important categories of the EEAS Staff - AD Staff, AST Staff and Contract Agents. The study tries to find an answer to the question of the extent to which the representation of the individual states in the EEAS is adequate, with the basic method of evaluation being a comparison of the given state's percentage of the European Union's overall population versus its percentage of the overall number of EEAS officials in any particular category
The study tries to discover to what extent knowledge of the local language of a diplomat’s host c... more The study tries to discover to what extent knowledge of the local language of a diplomat’s host country, and language skills generally, are considered while selecting candidates for EU delegation heads in the European External Action Service. With this aim, the study examines possible correlations between languages spoken by the EU delegation heads and the official languages in their respective host countries. It is concluded that a correlation often exists between the language(s), and especially mother tongues, spoken by the EU delegation heads and the official language(s) in the countries to which they are posted and, thus, a candidate’s knowledge of the host country’s official language is usually taken into account in the selection of candidates for EU delegation heads, although this criterion seems to carry different weight for candidates from various EU member countries.
The study tries to discover to what extent knowledge of the local language of a diplomat's host c... more The study tries to discover to what extent knowledge of the local language of a diplomat's host country, and language skills generally, are considered while selecting candidates for EU delegation heads in the European External Action Service. With this aim, the study examines possible correlations between languages spoken by the EU delegation heads and the official languages in their respective host countries. It is concluded that a correlation often exists between the language(s), and especially mother tongues, spoken by the EU delegation heads and the official language(s) in the countries to which they are posted and, thus, a candidate's knowledge of the host country's official language is usually taken into account in the selection of candidates for EU delegation heads, although this criterion seems to carry different weight for candidates from various EU member countries.
Military diplomacy can be defined as a set of activities carried out mainly by the representative... more Military diplomacy can be defined as a set of activities carried out mainly by the representatives of the defence department, as well as other state institutions, aimed at pursuing the foreign policy interests of the state in the field of security and defence policy, and whose actions are based on the use of negotiations and other diplomatic instruments. This meaning differs military diplomacy from some other related phenomena such as gunboat diplomacy or coercive diplomacy. Military diplomacy as such performs several basic functions, which include the following: 1. Gathering and analysing of information on the armed forces and the security situation in the receiving state, 2. Promotion of cooperation, communication and mutual relations between the armed forces of the sending and the receiving state, 3. Organization of working visits of representatives of the defence authorities and of peaceful stay of the military units of the sending state in the receiving state, 4. Support of bus...
In practice, cultural diplomacy is implemented through different types of actors. Diplomatic miss... more In practice, cultural diplomacy is implemented through different types of actors. Diplomatic missions can be considered the most important ones of them, but also cultural institutes play a vital role. They may have diplomatic or non-diplomatic status. Based on the types of actors that are substantially involved in the exercise of cultural diplomacy as well as on their number and the nature of interactions between them, various organizational models of the cultural diplomacy can be distinguished in different states. For example, a typical feature of the organizational model of the cultural diplomacy in the French Republic and the Slovak Republic is the fact that most of the cultural-diplomatic activities are conducted by diplomatic organs. By contrast, greater involvement of non-diplomatic entities is an inherent part of the model of cultural diplomacy in the Federal Republic of Germany. (Kulturna diplomacia je v praxi jednotlivých statov realizovana prostrednictvom roznych typov akt...
commercial diplomacy is more important as well, and at the same time, the character of its functi... more commercial diplomacy is more important as well, and at the same time, the character of its functions changes, which is the main object of research in this study. In the first part, a brief historical survey of functions of commercial diplomacy, from their very beginnings to their present shape, is drafted. In the second chapter, the term commercial diplomacy is defined, and related terms are described as well. In the third part, the following basic functions of commercial diplomacy (as implemented in contemporary practice) are analyzed: trade promotion and development, investment promotion, economic-information functions, politicallegislative functions, development aid assistance and state promotion. The fourth part of this work is focused on the issue of transnational companies (TNCs), whose number rose dramatically in the last few decades, and at present, this subject is considered to be one of the most important factors influencing the character of commercial diplomacy both curre...
Konzularne aktivity boli rozvinute už v stredoveku a povodne sa spajali s podporou obchodu. V suc... more Konzularne aktivity boli rozvinute už v stredoveku a povodne sa spajali s podporou obchodu. V sucasnosti predstavuju specificku dimenziu diplomacie statu, ktora je asociovana hlavne s poskytovanim pomoci a asistencie obcanom. V praxi medzi ulohy konzularnych uradov patria najma: notarske a matricne služby, vydavanie cestovných dokladov, poradenstvo v pravnych veciach a ine ulohy. Osobitnou ulohou konzularnych uradov je vydavanie viz. V obdobi globalizacie, v suvislosti s rastucou mobilitou obyvateľstva, sa význam konzularnych funkcii v ramci diplomacie zvysuje. Výkon konzularnych aktivit je zaroveň pre bežných obcanov najviditeľnejsou sucasťou diplomatickej cinnosti statu. Konzularna služba sa tak stava nastrojom budovania prestiže, a to nielen ministerstva zahranicných veci (doma), ale aj celeho statu (v zahranici).
This study aims to map the development of the European Union (EU)/European Community (EC) diploma... more This study aims to map the development of the European Union (EU)/European Community (EC) diplomatic service in the two decades leading up to the adoption of the Treaty of Lisbon, which established the European External Action Service as the current form of the EU diplomatic service. It describes the most important milestones in the development of the EU/EC diplomatic service from 1987 to 2009, especially the 1989 unification of the formal status of all European Commission delegations, the 1993 institutional unification of delegations management through the establishment of a special Directorate-General for the Administration of Delegations within the European Commission organisation structure, the 1993 strengthening of the role of the European Commission delegations in traditional diplomatic tasks of the political arena, which resulted mainly from their closer cooperation with national diplomatic representations of the EU member states, introduced by the Treaty on EU and, finally, the establishment of an EU High Representative for the CFSP -the unofficial 'EU Minister of Foreign Affairs' -in 1999.
Poskytnutím svojho príspevku autor(i) súhlasil(i) so zverejnením článku na internetovej stránke č... more Poskytnutím svojho príspevku autor(i) súhlasil(i) so zverejnením článku na internetovej stránke časopisu Politické vedy. Vydavateľ získal súhlas autora / autorov s publikovaním a distribúciou príspevku v tlačenej i online verzii. V prípade záujmu publikovať článok alebo jeho časť v online i tlačenej podobe, kontaktujte redakčnú radu časopisu:
The defense attachés are a specific category of diplomats which are entrusted with the performanc... more The defense attachés are a specific category of diplomats which are entrusted with the performance of specialized diplomatic functions within the framework of military diplomacy.The aim of this study is to analytically outline the current position of defense attachés in the contemporary diplomatic system and their specifics, particularly in terms of the process of their accreditation and organization within the diplomatic corps. It is observed, there are three basic categories of defense attachés: military attachés, dealing mainly with army agenda, naval attachés, specializing in navy issues and air attachés, focusing on air force affairs. Besides, defense attachés can be divided into resident, having their permament seat in the receiving state, and non resident, having their office outside the territory of the receiving state. In this connection, the accreditation of non resident defense attachés residing in their own sending state, can be observed in recent years as a new practice implemented by some states In terms of organization in the receiving state, an important feature of defense attachés is that they are not only members of the „regular“ diplomatic corps , but they used to be simultanously associated within a so called military diplomatic corps that is a separate entity, having its own specific organi zation and rules.
This article analyses the potential role of diplomatic missions as a specific kind of foreign aff... more This article analyses the potential role of diplomatic missions as a specific kind of foreign affairs state bodies in the pursuit of economic diplomacy that is considered to be a set of activities aimed at promoting foreign economic interests of state by peaceful means. It is believed that the diplomatic missions are one of the key actors of economic diplomacy at present. They play an important or even a vital role in implementing a number of diplomatic functions, particularly the promotion of trade and investment, providing political support to businesses abroad as well as shaping economic legislation. The added value of diplomatic missions as actors of economic diplomacy lies in their ability to provide entrepreneur sector with useful information on business and investment opportunities abroad, which is especially useful for small and medium enterprises, or to provide political support to businesses in foreign countries, which is in some countries and/or in some cases a prerequisite for companies to succeed.
This paper deals with paradiplomacy, that is associated with foreign policy capacity of sub-state... more This paper deals with paradiplomacy, that is associated with foreign policy capacity of sub-state entities, which are considered as specific semi-sovereign subjects of international relations. It is stressed, paradiplomacy is closely connected with the process of regionalization, that has been accelerating in last three decades, in particular. Therefore, the importance of paradiplomacy rose dramatically in recent years. However, paradiplomacy is not designed to replace traditional state-to-state diplomacy, that continues to be both, important and useful.
Cultural diplomacy, as a set of activities, undertaken directly by or in collaboration with diplo... more Cultural diplomacy, as a set of activities, undertaken directly by or in collaboration with diplomatic authorities of a state, which are aimed at the promotion of foreign policy interests of this state in the realm of cultural policy primarily by means of fostering its cultural exchange with other (foreign) states, is an important part of diplomacy in our days. In practice, cultural diplomacy can include the following main activities: assisting cultural subjects in the dissemination of national culture and cultural identity, promoting dissemination of the national language of the sending state in the receiving state, promoting and explaining cultural values of the sending state in the receiving state, negotiating international treaties on cultural cooperation and, finally, supporting and keeping up contacts with expatriate communities in the receiving state. However, the structure, as well as the overall intensity of the cultural-diplomatic activities may vary depending on the state...
Diplomatic missions, as the state bodies of foreign relations, can perform several important func... more Diplomatic missions, as the state bodies of foreign relations, can perform several important functions within the real framework of political, economic and cultural dimension of diplomacy in the contemporary globalized environment. In the political dimension of diplomacy, the following main functions of diplomatic missions can be considered: political-negotiating, analytical-reporting and representation one. In the realm of economic diplomacy, the main functions of diplomatic missions can be as follows: the support of trade contracts and investments, political lobbying and legislative function, development aid assistance. Finally, within the framework of cultural diplomacy, the following main functions of diplomatic missions can be performed: the promotion of language, political lobbying and legislative function, and the support of countrymen abroad.
The article deals with the issue of the definition of military diplomacy in the current internati... more The article deals with the issue of the definition of military diplomacy in the current international relations theory. It is concluded, military diplomacy should be seen as a set of activities carried out mainly by representatives of the ministry of defence as well as by other state institutions, which are aimed at the implementation of foreign policy interests of the state in the field of security and defence policy, and whose operation is based on the use of negotiation and other diplomatic tools. At the same time, military diplomacy should not be confused with gunboat diplomacy, which is a method of promoting foreign policy interests of the state, based on the pressure exercised by means of the threat or use of limited naval (military) force. Similarly, military diplomacy should not be equated with coercive diplomacy, which is a method of achieving foreign policy goals through coercion, based on various forms of deterrence by military force.
As a result of stability in the field of international relations and the absence of acute securit... more As a result of stability in the field of international relations and the absence of acute security threats in many countries and regions of the world (this applies to the EU as well), and as a consequence of the influence of globalization in particular, the importance of the economic dimension of foreign policy is more accentuated at the beginning of the 21 st century. Therefore, commercial diplomacy is more important as well, and at the same time, the character of its functions changes, which is the main object of research in this study. In the first part, a brief historical survey of functions of commercial diplomacy, from their very beginnings to their present shape, is drafted. In the second chapter, the term commercial diplomacy is defined, and related terms are described as well. In the third part, the following basic functions of commercial diplomacy (as implemented in contemporary practice) are analyzed: trade promotion and development, investment promotion, economic-information functions, politicallegislative functions, development aid assistance and state promotion. The fourth part of this work is focused on the issue of transnational companies (TNCs), whose number rose dramatically in the last few decades, and at present, this subject is considered to be one of the most important factors influencing the character of commercial diplomacy both currently and in the future. The author concludes that commercial diplomacy will be focused particularly on small and medium sized enterprises in the future. At the same time, the complexity of functions of commercial diplomacy will rise, particularly as a result of a diffusion of the economic and political dimensions of foreign policy.
The aim of this article is to analyze briefly the nature of diplomacy of the Slovak Republic at t... more The aim of this article is to analyze briefly the nature of diplomacy of the Slovak Republic at the threshold of the 21st century, that is shaped by the processes of globalization and integration, as well as by the position of a small state in international relations. In the first part, attention is paid to the European dimension of diplomacy, which is considered in three separate levels: firstly, the level of European diplomacy or participation at the single diplomatic action of the EU in relation to the third states, secondly, in connection with multilateral diplomacy at the EU level and, finally, at the level of bilateral diplomacy among EU member states. In the second chapter, the economic dimension of diplomacy is discussed. This is of particular importance, because of the "openess" of the Slovak economy. In present days, Slovak commercial diplomacy is shaped also by the phenomenon of transnational companies as a specific kind of enterprises. In the third part, attent...
The article evaluates the representation of three Southeastern European countries -Slovenia, Roma... more The article evaluates the representation of three Southeastern European countries -Slovenia, Romania and Croatia- in the staff of the diplomatic service of the European Union, European External Action Service in the period of 2012-2017. The assessment is focused on the development of the representation of these countries in the three most important categories of the EEAS Staff - AD Staff, AST Staff and Contract Agents. The study tries to find an answer to the question of the extent to which the representation of the individual states in the EEAS is adequate, with the basic method of evaluation being a comparison of the given state's percentage of the European Union's overall population versus its percentage of the overall number of EEAS officials in any particular category
The study tries to discover to what extent knowledge of the local language of a diplomat’s host c... more The study tries to discover to what extent knowledge of the local language of a diplomat’s host country, and language skills generally, are considered while selecting candidates for EU delegation heads in the European External Action Service. With this aim, the study examines possible correlations between languages spoken by the EU delegation heads and the official languages in their respective host countries. It is concluded that a correlation often exists between the language(s), and especially mother tongues, spoken by the EU delegation heads and the official language(s) in the countries to which they are posted and, thus, a candidate’s knowledge of the host country’s official language is usually taken into account in the selection of candidates for EU delegation heads, although this criterion seems to carry different weight for candidates from various EU member countries.
The study tries to discover to what extent knowledge of the local language of a diplomat's host c... more The study tries to discover to what extent knowledge of the local language of a diplomat's host country, and language skills generally, are considered while selecting candidates for EU delegation heads in the European External Action Service. With this aim, the study examines possible correlations between languages spoken by the EU delegation heads and the official languages in their respective host countries. It is concluded that a correlation often exists between the language(s), and especially mother tongues, spoken by the EU delegation heads and the official language(s) in the countries to which they are posted and, thus, a candidate's knowledge of the host country's official language is usually taken into account in the selection of candidates for EU delegation heads, although this criterion seems to carry different weight for candidates from various EU member countries.
Military diplomacy can be defined as a set of activities carried out mainly by the representative... more Military diplomacy can be defined as a set of activities carried out mainly by the representatives of the defence department, as well as other state institutions, aimed at pursuing the foreign policy interests of the state in the field of security and defence policy, and whose actions are based on the use of negotiations and other diplomatic instruments. This meaning differs military diplomacy from some other related phenomena such as gunboat diplomacy or coercive diplomacy. Military diplomacy as such performs several basic functions, which include the following: 1. Gathering and analysing of information on the armed forces and the security situation in the receiving state, 2. Promotion of cooperation, communication and mutual relations between the armed forces of the sending and the receiving state, 3. Organization of working visits of representatives of the defence authorities and of peaceful stay of the military units of the sending state in the receiving state, 4. Support of bus...
In practice, cultural diplomacy is implemented through different types of actors. Diplomatic miss... more In practice, cultural diplomacy is implemented through different types of actors. Diplomatic missions can be considered the most important ones of them, but also cultural institutes play a vital role. They may have diplomatic or non-diplomatic status. Based on the types of actors that are substantially involved in the exercise of cultural diplomacy as well as on their number and the nature of interactions between them, various organizational models of the cultural diplomacy can be distinguished in different states. For example, a typical feature of the organizational model of the cultural diplomacy in the French Republic and the Slovak Republic is the fact that most of the cultural-diplomatic activities are conducted by diplomatic organs. By contrast, greater involvement of non-diplomatic entities is an inherent part of the model of cultural diplomacy in the Federal Republic of Germany. (Kulturna diplomacia je v praxi jednotlivých statov realizovana prostrednictvom roznych typov akt...
commercial diplomacy is more important as well, and at the same time, the character of its functi... more commercial diplomacy is more important as well, and at the same time, the character of its functions changes, which is the main object of research in this study. In the first part, a brief historical survey of functions of commercial diplomacy, from their very beginnings to their present shape, is drafted. In the second chapter, the term commercial diplomacy is defined, and related terms are described as well. In the third part, the following basic functions of commercial diplomacy (as implemented in contemporary practice) are analyzed: trade promotion and development, investment promotion, economic-information functions, politicallegislative functions, development aid assistance and state promotion. The fourth part of this work is focused on the issue of transnational companies (TNCs), whose number rose dramatically in the last few decades, and at present, this subject is considered to be one of the most important factors influencing the character of commercial diplomacy both curre...
Konzularne aktivity boli rozvinute už v stredoveku a povodne sa spajali s podporou obchodu. V suc... more Konzularne aktivity boli rozvinute už v stredoveku a povodne sa spajali s podporou obchodu. V sucasnosti predstavuju specificku dimenziu diplomacie statu, ktora je asociovana hlavne s poskytovanim pomoci a asistencie obcanom. V praxi medzi ulohy konzularnych uradov patria najma: notarske a matricne služby, vydavanie cestovných dokladov, poradenstvo v pravnych veciach a ine ulohy. Osobitnou ulohou konzularnych uradov je vydavanie viz. V obdobi globalizacie, v suvislosti s rastucou mobilitou obyvateľstva, sa význam konzularnych funkcii v ramci diplomacie zvysuje. Výkon konzularnych aktivit je zaroveň pre bežných obcanov najviditeľnejsou sucasťou diplomatickej cinnosti statu. Konzularna služba sa tak stava nastrojom budovania prestiže, a to nielen ministerstva zahranicných veci (doma), ale aj celeho statu (v zahranici).
This study aims to map the development of the European Union (EU)/European Community (EC) diploma... more This study aims to map the development of the European Union (EU)/European Community (EC) diplomatic service in the two decades leading up to the adoption of the Treaty of Lisbon, which established the European External Action Service as the current form of the EU diplomatic service. It describes the most important milestones in the development of the EU/EC diplomatic service from 1987 to 2009, especially the 1989 unification of the formal status of all European Commission delegations, the 1993 institutional unification of delegations management through the establishment of a special Directorate-General for the Administration of Delegations within the European Commission organisation structure, the 1993 strengthening of the role of the European Commission delegations in traditional diplomatic tasks of the political arena, which resulted mainly from their closer cooperation with national diplomatic representations of the EU member states, introduced by the Treaty on EU and, finally, the establishment of an EU High Representative for the CFSP -the unofficial 'EU Minister of Foreign Affairs' -in 1999.
Poskytnutím svojho príspevku autor(i) súhlasil(i) so zverejnením článku na internetovej stránke č... more Poskytnutím svojho príspevku autor(i) súhlasil(i) so zverejnením článku na internetovej stránke časopisu Politické vedy. Vydavateľ získal súhlas autora / autorov s publikovaním a distribúciou príspevku v tlačenej i online verzii. V prípade záujmu publikovať článok alebo jeho časť v online i tlačenej podobe, kontaktujte redakčnú radu časopisu:
The defense attachés are a specific category of diplomats which are entrusted with the performanc... more The defense attachés are a specific category of diplomats which are entrusted with the performance of specialized diplomatic functions within the framework of military diplomacy.The aim of this study is to analytically outline the current position of defense attachés in the contemporary diplomatic system and their specifics, particularly in terms of the process of their accreditation and organization within the diplomatic corps. It is observed, there are three basic categories of defense attachés: military attachés, dealing mainly with army agenda, naval attachés, specializing in navy issues and air attachés, focusing on air force affairs. Besides, defense attachés can be divided into resident, having their permament seat in the receiving state, and non resident, having their office outside the territory of the receiving state. In this connection, the accreditation of non resident defense attachés residing in their own sending state, can be observed in recent years as a new practice implemented by some states In terms of organization in the receiving state, an important feature of defense attachés is that they are not only members of the „regular“ diplomatic corps , but they used to be simultanously associated within a so called military diplomatic corps that is a separate entity, having its own specific organi zation and rules.
This article analyses the potential role of diplomatic missions as a specific kind of foreign aff... more This article analyses the potential role of diplomatic missions as a specific kind of foreign affairs state bodies in the pursuit of economic diplomacy that is considered to be a set of activities aimed at promoting foreign economic interests of state by peaceful means. It is believed that the diplomatic missions are one of the key actors of economic diplomacy at present. They play an important or even a vital role in implementing a number of diplomatic functions, particularly the promotion of trade and investment, providing political support to businesses abroad as well as shaping economic legislation. The added value of diplomatic missions as actors of economic diplomacy lies in their ability to provide entrepreneur sector with useful information on business and investment opportunities abroad, which is especially useful for small and medium enterprises, or to provide political support to businesses in foreign countries, which is in some countries and/or in some cases a prerequisite for companies to succeed.
This paper deals with paradiplomacy, that is associated with foreign policy capacity of sub-state... more This paper deals with paradiplomacy, that is associated with foreign policy capacity of sub-state entities, which are considered as specific semi-sovereign subjects of international relations. It is stressed, paradiplomacy is closely connected with the process of regionalization, that has been accelerating in last three decades, in particular. Therefore, the importance of paradiplomacy rose dramatically in recent years. However, paradiplomacy is not designed to replace traditional state-to-state diplomacy, that continues to be both, important and useful.
Cultural diplomacy, as a set of activities, undertaken directly by or in collaboration with diplo... more Cultural diplomacy, as a set of activities, undertaken directly by or in collaboration with diplomatic authorities of a state, which are aimed at the promotion of foreign policy interests of this state in the realm of cultural policy primarily by means of fostering its cultural exchange with other (foreign) states, is an important part of diplomacy in our days. In practice, cultural diplomacy can include the following main activities: assisting cultural subjects in the dissemination of national culture and cultural identity, promoting dissemination of the national language of the sending state in the receiving state, promoting and explaining cultural values of the sending state in the receiving state, negotiating international treaties on cultural cooperation and, finally, supporting and keeping up contacts with expatriate communities in the receiving state. However, the structure, as well as the overall intensity of the cultural-diplomatic activities may vary depending on the state...
Diplomatic missions, as the state bodies of foreign relations, can perform several important func... more Diplomatic missions, as the state bodies of foreign relations, can perform several important functions within the real framework of political, economic and cultural dimension of diplomacy in the contemporary globalized environment. In the political dimension of diplomacy, the following main functions of diplomatic missions can be considered: political-negotiating, analytical-reporting and representation one. In the realm of economic diplomacy, the main functions of diplomatic missions can be as follows: the support of trade contracts and investments, political lobbying and legislative function, development aid assistance. Finally, within the framework of cultural diplomacy, the following main functions of diplomatic missions can be performed: the promotion of language, political lobbying and legislative function, and the support of countrymen abroad.
The article deals with the issue of the definition of military diplomacy in the current internati... more The article deals with the issue of the definition of military diplomacy in the current international relations theory. It is concluded, military diplomacy should be seen as a set of activities carried out mainly by representatives of the ministry of defence as well as by other state institutions, which are aimed at the implementation of foreign policy interests of the state in the field of security and defence policy, and whose operation is based on the use of negotiation and other diplomatic tools. At the same time, military diplomacy should not be confused with gunboat diplomacy, which is a method of promoting foreign policy interests of the state, based on the pressure exercised by means of the threat or use of limited naval (military) force. Similarly, military diplomacy should not be equated with coercive diplomacy, which is a method of achieving foreign policy goals through coercion, based on various forms of deterrence by military force.
As a result of stability in the field of international relations and the absence of acute securit... more As a result of stability in the field of international relations and the absence of acute security threats in many countries and regions of the world (this applies to the EU as well), and as a consequence of the influence of globalization in particular, the importance of the economic dimension of foreign policy is more accentuated at the beginning of the 21 st century. Therefore, commercial diplomacy is more important as well, and at the same time, the character of its functions changes, which is the main object of research in this study. In the first part, a brief historical survey of functions of commercial diplomacy, from their very beginnings to their present shape, is drafted. In the second chapter, the term commercial diplomacy is defined, and related terms are described as well. In the third part, the following basic functions of commercial diplomacy (as implemented in contemporary practice) are analyzed: trade promotion and development, investment promotion, economic-information functions, politicallegislative functions, development aid assistance and state promotion. The fourth part of this work is focused on the issue of transnational companies (TNCs), whose number rose dramatically in the last few decades, and at present, this subject is considered to be one of the most important factors influencing the character of commercial diplomacy both currently and in the future. The author concludes that commercial diplomacy will be focused particularly on small and medium sized enterprises in the future. At the same time, the complexity of functions of commercial diplomacy will rise, particularly as a result of a diffusion of the economic and political dimensions of foreign policy.
Obsah knihy sa nachádza v priloženej pdf-ukážke.
Knihu je možné objednať online na: http://pamik... more Obsah knihy sa nachádza v priloženej pdf-ukážke. Knihu je možné objednať online na: http://pamiko.sk/knihy.html
This paper aims to briefly analyse the institutional system of diplomacy of Kosovo, as well as re... more This paper aims to briefly analyse the institutional system of diplomacy of Kosovo, as well as representations of foreign states operating in Kosovo. It is concluded, the specific status of Kosovo as a ‘partially recognised state’ is reflected in the specific dual nature of its relations with other states. On one hand, Kosovo carries out standard diplomatic activities in relation to the states that recognise its sovereignty and have assumed diplomatic relations. On the other hand, for the states that do not recognise its sovereignty or lacks diplomatic relations, Kosovo carries out unofficial activities to maintain its foreign relations. This dual nature of Kosovo's foreign relations is apparent in its unique structure of specialised institutions, including the foreign states operating in Kosovo and Kosovo’s representations abroad.
Uploads
Papers by Erik Pajtinka
Knihu je možné objednať online na: http://pamiko.sk/knihy.html