Papers by Khomotjo Phalane
International Journal of Social Science Research and Review
Rape has always been a thorny issue in out postmodern society and South Africa has been confirmed... more Rape has always been a thorny issue in out postmodern society and South Africa has been confirmed to be the rape capital of the world. Our current society has overlooked, normalised, and made rape invisible due to our societal norms relating gender and culture connotations. The objective of the study was to explore the perceptions of community members on contributing factors to rape in the selected areas of Mankweng. This qualitative study employed the ‘Qualitative’ [Q]-methodology research design, supported by the exploratory research design for the explorations of community members’ perceptions on contributing factors to rape in selected areas of Mankweng. About Thirty (30) participants were purposively selected to form part of the Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). The findings of this study showcased that the contributory factors to rape incidences in the Mankweng policing areas can be categorised under these Three (03) themes: 1) Structural, 2) Socio-cultural, and; 3) Economic fac...
A criminological study of the non-compliance with selected licensing conditions by tavern operators in Mankweng Limpopo, 2015
Liquor consumption is part of social life. The abuse thereof is a social problem. Taverns play a ... more Liquor consumption is part of social life. The abuse thereof is a social problem. Taverns play a major role in the supply of liquor in South Africa. To control the activities of licenced taverns and other liquor outlets, the Liquor Act, Act 27 of 1989 was introduced. This study was implemented in Mankweng, 30 km east of Polokwane in the Limpopo Province of South Africa, and is based on a distributed self-administered questionnaire to a sample of tavern owners. The survey set out to measure their compliance with selected sections of the Act. The study found that violations are regular occurrences and the selling of liquor to young people under the age of 18 - the legal age for alcohol consumption in South Africa - and trading beyond prescribed hours are commonplace. Repeat offences occur and respondents stated that they violate the law and are never caught.
Perspectives on Contributing Factors to Rape in the Selected Areas of Mankweng, South Africa, 2022
Rape has always been a thorny issue in out postmodern society and South Africa has been confirmed... more Rape has always been a thorny issue in out postmodern society and South Africa has been confirmed to be the rape capital of the world. Our current society has overlooked, normalised, and made rape invisible due to our societal norms relating gender and culture connotations. The objective of the study was to explore the perceptions of community members on contributing factors to rape in the selected areas of Mankweng. This qualitative study employed the 'Qualitative' [Q]-methodology research design, supported by the exploratory research design for the explorations of community members' perceptions on contributing factors to rape in selected areas of Mankweng. About Thirty (30) participants were purposively selected to form part of the Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). The findings of this study showcased that the contributory factors to rape incidences in the Mankweng policing areas can be categorised under these Three (03) themes: 1) Structural, 2) Socio-cultural, and; 3) Economic factors. These factors increase chances of women being raped. Therefore, primary preventative interventions should be more focused on rebuilding women's status in societies and implementing programmes to educate them about rape and the National government and Non-Governmental Programmes (NPOs) should aim at promoting both social and economic empowerment of young women, focusing on financing their intended projects to encourage their independency and avoid over reliance to man. The monthly programmes and awareness campaigns should be hosted to educate community members about the contributory factors to rape and related consequences thereof, as well as effective preventative measures.
Non-Compliance of Tavern Operators with Selected Licensing Conditions for Taverns in Mankweng, Limpopo, 2018
This article examines non-compliance of tavern operations with licensing conditions. This was stu... more This article examines non-compliance of tavern operations with licensing conditions. This was studied to understand the extent of its prevalence, using quantitative research approach. Questionnaires were used for data collection. This article is based on the findings of the said study, which its contextual setting was Mankweng in Limpopo. The findings revealed that tavern operators do not comply with the licencing conditions as stipulated in the Liquor Act, 1989 (Act 27 of 1989). The most contravened conditions include trading beyond stipulated times and allowing minors into the licenced premises. Attendant to this is the fact that non-compliance to the licensing conditions leads to crimes such as murder, rape, assault and robberies. The longer the taverns operate, the more intoxicated people are served liquor, and is the more the crimes are to be committed. Most of the taverns are located at close proximity to schools, and children are exposed to this kind of behaviour as they observe and experience the unruly behaviour in their communities. It is the researchers assumption that the future of every country lies in the hands of the youth, but if alcohol is easily accessible to them, there is no future for such a country. South Africa is no exception.
Analysis of Misconduct and Crime by Police Officers Investigated by the Independent Police Investigative Directorate, 2021
In terms of Section 205(3) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, the objecti... more In terms of Section 205(3) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, the objectives of the South African Police Service (SAPS) are to prevent, combat and investigate crime, to maintain public order, to protect and secure the inhabitants of the Republic and their property, and to uphold and enforce the law. As an oversight body, the Independent Police Investigative Directorate [IPID] Act (No 1 of 2011) provides for independent and impartial investigation of identified criminal offences allegedly committed by members of the SAPS. The investigations are specifically geared to police misconduct and crimes regulated by this Act, guided by Section 28(1) (a-h) and (2).
CRIMINOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE NON-COMPLIANCE WITH SELECTED LICENSING CONDITIONS BY TAVERN OPERATORS IN MANKWENG, LIMPOPO, 2015
Liquor consumption is part of social life. The abuse thereof is a social problem. Taverns play a ... more Liquor consumption is part of social life. The abuse thereof is a social problem. Taverns play a major role in the supply of liquor in South Africa. To control the activities of licenced taverns and other liquor outlets, the Liquor Act, Act 27 of 1989 was introduced. This study was implemented in Mankweng, 30 km east of Polokwane in the Limpopo Province of South Africa and is based on a distributed self-administered questionnaire to a sample of tavern owners. The survey set out to measure their compliance with selected sections of the Act. The study found that violations are regular occurrences and the selling of liquor to young people under the age of 18the legal age for alcohol consumption in South Africaand trading beyond prescribed hours are commonplace. Repeat offences occur and respondents stated that they violate the law and are never caught
The Nature of Rape in the Mankweng Policing Areas of Limpopo Province, South Africa, 2022
The purpose of this study was to explore the community members' perceptions on the nature of rape... more The purpose of this study was to explore the community members' perceptions on the nature of rape in the selected Mankweng policing areas of Limpopo Province, South Africa, namely: Mentz, Ga-Makanye and Ga-Thoka. The qualitative research approach was followed, coupled with the Qmethodology research design and exploratory research objective. About 30 participants were purposively sampled to form part of the Three (03) Focus Groups Discussions (FGDs), consisting of 10 targeted groups, this was aided by the review of seminal literature studies and theoretical [Differential Risk Model] applications on this subject. The inductive Thematic Content Analysis (TCA) was used as a data analysis method. From the consulted studies and empirical study findings, 03 major factors emerged to explain nature of rape existing in the selected study locations, demarcated as follows; 1) Historical context of rape, which include men that are raised in families with strong patriarchal structures and more likely to become violent and force themselves on women, as they feel superior to them, 2) Social context of rape, entailing gender inequality in South African societies where women possess limited powers and authorities, while men impose notions of masculinity, controlling and perceiving that they own women's sexuality; and 3) Economic context of rape, explaining how poverty and unemployment are cited as some of contributing factors exposing women to socioeconomic vulnerability, such as engaging in transactional sex. From the cited studies, 03 study themes emanated from the conducted empirical fieldworks (FGDs), namely: 1) Unlawful high prevalence of rape activities, 2) Rape committed against the will of potential victims, and 3) Rape involving physical intercourse or other forms of sexual penetrations carried out against any potential victim's will. This study recommends that youth in the
THE EFFECTS OF CRIME ACTIVITIES ON TOURISM INDUSTRY: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM KWAZULU-NATAL PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA, 2024
This study focuses on crime activities on tourism industry, focusing on KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) Provi... more This study focuses on crime activities on tourism industry, focusing on KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) Province, Durban of South Africa. The main objective of this study was to determine the effects of crime on tourism within the identified study area. This study adopted the empirical research design, aided with qualitative research approach. Three (03) Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs) and 03 business owners were purposively selected to form part of structured Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) for data collections. The results indicate that although mechanisms to combat crimes in the KZN Province, Durban inner city specifically, various crimes continue to occur, these pose uncontrollable threats and strongly dents this industry. It was also revealed that visitors reluctantly revisit Durban after witnessing robbery and other scenes of criminal acts and the selected businesses either face closure or relocation, this often result to these businesses suffer detrimental financial losses. Therefore, this study recommends that tourism industry, including business communities in Durban inner city, as well as hospitality sector and public members should work urgently collaborate to find innovative lasting solutions. It is also necessary to bolster the local South African Police Service Visible Police (SAPS VISPOL), for patrolling and offering efficient plans ahead to control large crowds at popular holiday spots in Durban. The coordination between Durban's tourism industry and LEAs remains essential to improve existing crime combating, investigation and prevention methods.
There has been a massive decline in the ability of prominent community stakeholders to police and... more There has been a massive decline in the ability of prominent community stakeholders to police and solve burglary at residential premises at selected rural areas. The objective of this study was to explore rural policing of burglary at residential premises within the Ga-Molepo village, Limpopo Province, South Africa. This was supported by the application of the Broken Window Theory (BWT). The inductive Thematic Content Analysis (TCA) was followed for data analysis. About Thirty-Two [32] participants were purposively selected from Mankweng-selected rural areas. From a qualitative standpoint and adoption of exploratory research design, data was gathered through semi-structured In-Depth Interviews (IDIs). The inductive Thematic Content Analysis (TCA) was adopted for analysis. This study established that more training is required, and forensic investigators are urgently needed to support the local South African Police Service (SAPS), as they seem to be incapable of preventing this crime, but only respond after commission of this crime (Practicing reactive rural policing) and they even fail to deal with backlog of reported cases. For recommendations, the local SAPS members in a rural setting should prioritise this crime, irrespective of its nature, while using the 'Night Guards' to oppose threats and restore peace and order.
Conference Presentations by Khomotjo Phalane
THE MODUS OPERANDI OF HOUSE ROBBERY AND SUBSEQUENT RAPE: PERSPECTIVES OF INCARCERATED OFFENDERS AT THE CORRECTIONAL CENTRES IN SOUTH AFRICA, 2023
The commission of different crimes, including house robbery and rape, have specific method of exe... more The commission of different crimes, including house robbery and rape, have specific method of executions to increase their likelihood of success. Therefore, this study explores the Modus Operandi (MO) employed by potential perpetrators of house robbery and subsequent rape, by gathering perceptions of incarcerated offenders. Put succinctly, house robbery is an unlawful entrance into a household with the intention to commit robbery while the house occupants are present. It involves careful planning of the routine activities of the victims; hence, it is committed in their presence. Additionally, rape committed in the context of house robbery, can be explained as an opportunity used by an offender to victimise a powerless woman or women, where there is more than one woman in a house targeted for robbery. A qualitative research approach was deployed, guided by an exploratory research design, with Fifteen (15) offenders from the Two (02) correctional centres were purposefully sampled. They were all subjected to the semi-structured face-to-face interviews for data collections. The inductive Thematic Content Analysis (TCA) was employed for data analysis. The research findings highlighted the MO employed by the offenders during the commission of house robbery and subsequent rape. This includes the selection of wealthy and marginalised households, the use of forced or unforced methods of entry, the use of firearms, and lastly, substance use. It is therefore recommended and concluded that the opportunistic circumstances relating to the commission of these crimes should be minimised, by closely focusing on upgrading security measures for the community and the Criminal Justice System (CJS). This may include technological advancement and improvements, as well as information exchange intelligence-led operations.
DEVELOPING A CONCEPTUAL MODEL FOR ADDRESSING THE COMMISSION OF RAPE DURING HOUSE ROBBERY, 2022
There is an urgent need to address rape committed during a house robbery, as potential victims ar... more There is an urgent need to address rape committed during a house robbery, as potential victims are subjected to unbearable victimisations, involving economic and sexual violations from perpetrator's ill actions. As a result, this paper offers a conceptual model to address the commission of rape during house robbery. This paper adopted a qualitative research approach, guided by the Grounded Theory research design. Twenty-three participants, namely: 15 offenders; 5 social workers; and 3 clinical psychologists, were selected using purposive sampling technique. A standardised semi-structured schedule of interview questions was implemented for the interviews. The collected data was analysed using the MAXQDA qualitative data analysis software. Moreover, with Grounded Theory methods of data analysis, aided by the MAXQDA software, open-, axial-and selective coding were applied to the data collected. A conceptual model, informed and guided by the motivational factors of committing rape during a house robbery, was developed. These factors included the following: unstable family background; aggression; dominance; opportunity; substance use; vulnerability; and mob mentality. This study concludes and recommends that the following selected factors: positive socialisation; sexual violence curriculum; liquor regulations; stringent firearms control; and target hardening, can best be used to respond effectively to the commission of rape during a house robbery. It is shared that an understanding of these factors can lead to the attainment of healthy morals and ethics in children from a young age. Furthermore, assist in reducing and/or eliminate the existing criminogenic factors that lead to sexual offending, as well as equipping and informing individuals about the nature and consequences of rape and house robberies.
Books by Khomotjo Phalane
Unravelling Community Policing as a Panacea for Boko Haram Stalemate, 2022
Over ten years of Boko Haram terrorism in Nigeria has placed the Islamist Jihadist sect as the mo... more Over ten years of Boko Haram terrorism in Nigeria has placed the Islamist Jihadist sect as the most notorious and intractable insurgent group that has ever featured in the country. They have irrepressibly posed great threats to national security by destructively attacking organisations, both local and international, and laying serious foundations for engrained underdevelopment of the Nigerian state. This study adopts a qualitative methodological approach of in-depth interviews to examine the phenomenon and suggest a community policing approach-among other preventive policy recommendations-as a new paradigm shift in counterterrorism strategy to resolve the crisis in Nigeria, as well as prevent future occurrence of such menace in this part of sub-Saharan Africa.
Uploads
Papers by Khomotjo Phalane
Conference Presentations by Khomotjo Phalane
Books by Khomotjo Phalane