Papers by Junaidah Ariffin
Results of the domestic waste‒composition investigation for different categories of the campus ar... more Results of the domestic waste‒composition investigation for different categories of the campus are explained in this chapter. This includes faculties, dormitories, administrations, cafeterias, services, and residential buildings along with solid-waste generation by different types of electronic waste, construction waste, and garden waste.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2020
Predicted total sediment load is usually used to identify the intensity of a sedimentation proces... more Predicted total sediment load is usually used to identify the intensity of a sedimentation process. Currently, the existing available models to predict total load are mostly developed based on data collected from flumes, channels and rivers located in western countries. These models known as sediment transport model may not be valid to predict total sediment load of rivers in the tropics due to significant differences in the hydrological and sediment characteristics conditions. A new technique called Genetic programming (GP) technique is used to develop a new model to improve the prediction of total sediment load for rivers in tropical Malaysia. The new model named Evolutionary Polynomial Regression (EPR) model is compared with other three available sediment transport models using the different techniques including, Regression Equation, Modified Graf and Multiple Regression. Statistical analyses based on 82 data sets show the sediment transport model using this new technique perform...
Tasik Chini is located in the state of Pahang about 100 km from Kuantan, the capital of the state... more Tasik Chini is located in the state of Pahang about 100 km from Kuantan, the capital of the state of Pahang. Most of the lowland within the study area has been converted into agricultural and including rubber and oil palm plantations and mixed crops. This logging and mining activities gave impact to sediment characteristics and discharge. The purpose of this study was to identify the bed material characteristics and to determine the bed load discharge in Sungai Jemberau at Tasik Chini. Bed material sample was collect at Sungai Jemberau in 24 November 2016, 1 December 2016 and 5 March 2017. Bedload discharge also measured between these date. The bed load discharges also estimate by using Duboys and Schoklitsch equation to identify the suitable predicted method for this area. From the analysis of the results, Duboys Equation was more suitable to predict and estimate the bed load discharges for Sungai Jemberau at Tasik Chini because the predicted value closer to measured value.
MATEC web of conferences, 2019
This study aims to develop a streambank erosion prediction model using Artificial Neural Network ... more This study aims to develop a streambank erosion prediction model using Artificial Neural Network Autoregressive Exogenous (ANNARX) for natural channels. ANNARX is one type of ANN models and it is a supervised network that trains spasmodic data sets. Field data of 494 data extracted from two (2) rivers in Selangor, namely Sg. Bernam and Sg. Lui were used in the training and testing phases. Total of eleven (11) independent variables are used as input variables in the input layer and the ratio between erosion rates, ξ to the near-bank velocity, U b as the output variable. The functional relationships were derived using Buckingham Pi Theorem in the dimensional analysis. A supervised learning technique was employed and the target output is streambank erosion rates, ξ b. The established models were validated to assess their performances in predicting the rates of streambank erosion using 176 data. Validation of the newly developed streambank erosion rates equation has been conducted using data obtained from this study. The performance of the derived model was tested using discrepancy ratio and graphical analysis. Discrepancy ratio (DR) is the ratio of predicted values to the measured values and these values are deemed accurate if the data lie between 0.5 to 2.0 limit. Total of 8 models have been developed in the predictive model. Analysis confirmed that models developed using ANNARX are capable to achieve coefficient correlations (r-squared) values above 0.9 and successfully predict the measured data at accuracy above 90%.
Background/Objectives: Predicted total sediment load is usually used to identify the intensity of... more Background/Objectives: Predicted total sediment load is usually used to identify the intensity of a sedimentation process. Currently, the existing available models to predict total load are mostly developed based on data collected from flumes, channels and rivers located in western countries. These models may not be valid to predict sediment transport of rivers in the Tropics due to significant differences in the hydrological and sediment characteristics conditions. A new model using genetic programming (GE) technique is used to improve the prediction of sediment load for rivers in tropical Malaysia. Methods/StatisticalAnalysis: The model predictions are compared with those obtained from five available sediment transport models, including Engelund & Hansen (1967), Graf (1971), Ariffin (2004), Chan et al. (2005) and Sinnakaudan et al. (2006). Findings: The performance of the model in relation to the test set shows less scattering around the line of equality, between the measured and predicted total sediment loads. Statistical analyses of 68 data sets give the coefficient of correlation, r and the discrepancy ratio of 0.82 and 0.53 respectively. Application/Improvements: Hence, the GE Technique used in the prediction of Total Sediment Load is found to give better accuracy compared to other methods.
This study is significant to be conducted to reduce the physical impacts of human activities such... more This study is significant to be conducted to reduce the physical impacts of human activities such as water quality deterioration and destabilization of the stream bed and banks. The mining activity near Jemberau River can destabilize channel form, which may result in sedimentation at the downstream area. The rate of sediment discharge and the rate of water quality deterioration are expected to increase near the mining area close to Jemberau River. Bedload and suspended load sampling were carried out in the dry and wet months from September to December 2016. High suspended solid concentrations (SSC) were recorded in Chini and Jemberau Rivers especially during the wet months. Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) estimation for 5, 10, 15 and 20 years are also given.
Catena, 2021
Riverbank erosion is a complex soil-water interaction process, highly dynamic and constantly chan... more Riverbank erosion is a complex soil-water interaction process, highly dynamic and constantly changing. Consequently, the estimation of riverbank erosion rate requires an in-depth understanding between the riverbank properties and the hydraulic characteristics of the river. Given the complexity of predicting riverbank erosion rate and the limitation of existing analytical solutions, this study developed empirical models that include the analyses of basal erosion and bank failure using 358 erosion pin measurement collected from River Bernam in Selangor, Malaysia. Field measurements of the river and sediment data were performed following strict international standard protocols and instrumentation, such as gauging and wading technique, survey pole and SEBA F-1 current meter. Based on 50 years of record, the mean annual flood in River Bernam is 10 m 3 /s. This study includes extensive analysis between each measured variable in representing the factors influencing riverbank erosion rates, development of empirical predictive models in quantifying riverbank erosion rates using statistical approach and improves predictive performance. Model parameterization was performed using sensitivity analysis and comparison of measured riverbank erosion rates with flow-induced variables yielded the strongest correlation, whereas other variables were found to be less significant. These variables were evaluated based on Pearson's correlation coefficient, trend of the scatter plots and degree of determination. Novel findings from the sensitivity analysis of this study are one of the substantial factors in deriving the most influential parameters which constitutes to the rate of bank erosion. Multiple linear, non-linear and logarithmic functions were employed in the development of new predictive model. This study concluded that the developed empirical equations using logarithmic-transformation is the best predictor. Logarithmic-transformation equations show the highest percentage of accuracy and degree of determination, i.e. up to 93.5% and 0.783, respectively, and the data are between the limit of discrepancy ratio 0.5 < DR < 2. The influential factors include hydraulic characteristics of the flow, soil characteristics and bank geometry. On the other hand, parameters of the ratio of bankfull width to the mean particle diameter, bank angle, and channel reach yield very weak correlation with bank erosion rates.
IOP conference series, Mar 1, 2021
Bank instability as a result of flow fluctuations may lead to massive bank erosions and subsequen... more Bank instability as a result of flow fluctuations may lead to massive bank erosions and subsequent damage of adjacent properties. Continuous erosion process promotes change in the river morphology, sedimentation problems due to the presence of secondary currents and local scouring at piers downstream of the erosion point. Knowledge on the extent of erosion should facilitate river engineers to resolve issues on river training works and river sedimentation problems. A study has been carried out in the field to quantify the amount of eroded materials using erosion pins that were driven into the ground normal to the bank surface. The erosion pins consist of 6 mm diameter metal rods and 60 cm – 80 cm in length. A spatial variation profile for rates of erosion has been identified with units expressed in unit cm per day. The defining parameters for bank erosion rates have included near-bank velocity, Ub, water depth, Y, stream bank geometry and soil bearing capacity. Development of empirical equations had used multiple linear and nonlinear regression techniques to determine the significant erosion predictors. It takes into consideration the coefficient of determination (r-squared) and Root-mean square error (RSME) as determinants for best predictors. Accuracy of developed equations is measured using the discrepancy ratio, D.R. This is the ratio of predicted to measured erosion rate. Analysis suggest that the equation derived using polynomial function (order-2) gave better accuracy compared to the equation derived using linear and power functions. An accuracy of 75% has been obtained. Scatter plots of the predicted to the measured erosion rates have shown to be between 0.5 – 2.0 within the line of good agreement.
Tasik Chini is one of the two natural lakes in Peninsular Malaysia, which is located in the state... more Tasik Chini is one of the two natural lakes in Peninsular Malaysia, which is located in the state of Pahang about 100 km from Kuantan, the capital of the state of Pahang. Based on the topographical map, most of the lowland within the study area has been converted into agricultural and including rubber and oil palm plantations and mixed crops. This logging and mining activities gave impact to sediment characteristics and discharge. The purpose of this study was to identify the bed material characteristics and to determine the bed load discharge in Sungai Jemberau at Tasik Chini. Bed material sample was collect at Sungai Jemberau in
The purpose of this study is to analyze water quality of Tasik Chini in 2017. A total of fourteen... more The purpose of this study is to analyze water quality of Tasik Chini in 2017. A total of fourteen water quality parameters and twelve heavy metals were measured based on Malaysian Department of Environment Water Quality Index (DOE-WQI) and also classified according to the Interim National Water Quality Standard, Malaysia (INWQS). The physical and chemical variables such as pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Turbidity, Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Suspended Solid (SS), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Ammoniacal Nitrogen (NH3-N), Hardness, Nitrate (NO3-) Potassium (K), and Phosphorus (P) were analysed in-situ and using laboratory experiments. Twelve parameters of heavy metals concentration identified a Iron (III) Oxide (Fe2O3), Silicon Dioxide (SiO2), Aluminium Oxide (Al2O3, Manganese Oxide (MnO), Potassium Oxide (K2O), Titanium Dioxide (TiO2), Phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5), Barium Oxide (BaO), Lead Oxide (PbO), Calcium O...
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Papers by Junaidah Ariffin