alaba olufemi

Haematological and serum biochemical indices of growing female pigs fed dietary Spondias mombin leaf meal

Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Dec 29, 2023

Blood serves as physiological indicator of assessing quality of feed offered to an animal, their ... more Blood serves as physiological indicator of assessing quality of feed offered to an animal, their health status and body functionality. An experiment was carried out to evaluate the haematological and serum biochemical profiles of growing female pigs fed diets with varying levels of Spondias mombin leaf meal (SMLM). Sixteen growing female pigs weighing 10.5 to 14.0 kg were randomly allotted to four treatments supplemented maize feed ingredient with 0.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5% in two phases of feeding with Spondias mombin leaf meal w/w in a Completely Randomized Design with four animals per treatment and replicated twice. Haematological and serum biochemical parameters were assessed. The results show that Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Red Blood Cell (RBC), Platelets and White Blood Cell (WBC) differentials were similar (p>0.05) in mean values, except for Hb which in T4 was significantly (p<0.05) different from other treatments in Hb (p<0.05). There were similarities in mean values of serum biochemical indices across treatments, except albumin and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) values in T3 indicating SMLM inclusion improves serum protein synthesis giving rise to more tissue formation. From this study, supplementation of SMLM up to 5.0% maize in growing female pigs' diet have no deleterious effect on physiological health status and has potential to improve tissue development of animals.

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Effects of raw Aloe barbadensis leaf gel on quality and fertilising potential of extended semen from Red Sokoto bucks

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, Dec 5, 2023

Semen evaluation is a routine practice in breeding soundness evaluation and investigation of fert... more Semen evaluation is a routine practice in breeding soundness evaluation and investigation of fertility breeder male farm animals. Artificial insemination (A.I.) requires an objective and rapid, but inexpensive, method to evaluate ejaculates. The goal of semen assessment is to predict fertilising ability of the semen of breeding buck. A study was conducted to investigate the effects of raw Aloe barbadensis leaf gel (Gelraw) on quality and spermatozoa fertilising potential of extended goat semen. Semen was collected from buck using electro-ejaculator and were diluted with raw Aloe barbadensis Gel (Gelraw) at 7.00(GEYCE)+0.00(Gelraw), 5.25(GEYCE)+1.75(Gelraw), 3.50(GEYCE)+3.50(Gelraw), 1.75(GEYCE)+5.25(Gelraw), 0.00(GEYCE)+7.00(Gelraw) as T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively. Extended semen samples were evaluated at 0, 24, 48 and 72 h for quality and spermatozoa fertilising potential. All treatments were replicated thrice in completely randomized design. At 72-h, Normal Spermatozoa (NS) and Acrosome Integrity (AcI) of 5.25g/L Gelraw treated samples significantly increased to 78.33±2.0% and 82.23±4.3% compared to 67.33±7.0% and 73.33±5.0% respectively in the control while ProgressiveMotility (PM) and Plasma Membrane Integrity (PMI) were not significantly affected. Aloe barbadensis gel (Gelraw) added to diluent at 7.00g/L offered cytoprotection to extended buck spermatozoa for 72 hours.

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Effects of Heat-Treated Aloe barbadensis Miller Leaf Gel on Quality and Spermatozoa Fertilizing Potential of Extended Red Sokoto Goat Semen

Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2024

This study aims at investigating the Heat-treated Aloe barbadensis leaf gel effects on quality an... more This study aims at investigating the Heat-treated Aloe barbadensis leaf gel effects on quality and spermatozoa fertilizing potential of extended red Sokoto goat buck semen. Aloe barbadensis gel was scooped, homogenised, filtered, heat-treated at 60°C (Gel60°C) and stored at 4°C for 72 hours. It was used to replace glycerol as a cytoprotectant in Egg Yolk+Sodium Citrate (EYSC) diluent at 0.0, 1.75, 3.50, 5.25, and 7.00g/L. The diluent was used to extend semen samples from three red Sokoto bucks (2-3 years old) weighing 41.5±2.0kg and stored at-22°C. Extended semen samples were evaluated at 0, 24, 48, and 72 hours for quality and spermatozoa fertilizing potential. All treatments were replicated thrice in a completely randomized design. Progressive Motility (PM), Spermatozoa Livability (SL), Normal Spermatozoa (NS), Acrosome Integrity (AcI), Plasma Membrane Integrity (PMI), and Secondary Morphological Abnormalities (SMA) were evaluated at 24-hour intervals for 72 hours. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at α0.05. PM, NS and AcI respectively ranged from 58.33-68.33%, 83.67-89.00% and 81.67-92.67% which were significantly higher than 56.67%, 77.67% and 83.33% in the control. Gel60°C sustained the quality of extended buck semen similar to the control up to 72 hours of storage. Also, Gel60°C added to diluent at 7.00g/L offered cytoprotectant to extended buck spermatozoa at 72 hours.

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Brain Development and Regional Histomorphometry of Growing Male Pigs Fed Varying Levels of Spondiasmombin Leaf Meal

by alaba olufemi and Habeeb Muraina

This study aimed at evaluating some metabolite characteristics of the growing pig brain, morphome... more This study aimed at evaluating some metabolite characteristics of the growing pig brain, morphometry and response to the dietary composition of Spondiasmombin leaf meal (SMLM).Twelve (12) growing male pigs weighing 13kg were randomly allotted to four treatment-supplemented maize feed ingredients with T1 to T4: 0, 5, 6 and 7% with Spondiasmombin leaf meal (SMLM) w/w in a completely randomized design with three animals per treatment and one animal in each replicate. Glucose and total protein concentrations in both blood and brain were assessed as well as morphometry of different brain regions; cerebrum alongside hemispheric difference, cerebellum, hypothalamus, pons, hippocampus, amygdala and pituitary. Results show that r 2 of 0.46 shows that 46% of the weight observed is due to the feed offered and means of glucose concentration in the brain significantly differ among treatments with T4 as the highest. also, higher bloodbrain protein concentrations in T2 and T4were similar but significantly different from others. The same level of protein in blood and brain was observed in T3 which indicates little is available for tissue formation and weight gain. This study shows that SMLM inclusion in diets of up to 7%, increase in crude protein and development of different brain regions were observed in glucose and total protein concentration in the brain of animals.

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ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIOXIDATIVE EFFECTS OF ALOE BARBADENSIS LEAF METHANOL EXTRACTS ON QUALITY AND SPERMATOZOA FERTILISING POTENTIAL OF EXTENDED RED SOKOTO BUCK SEMEN 1

A study was conducted to investigate the antibacterial and antioxidative effects of Aloe barbaden... more A study was conducted to investigate the antibacterial and antioxidative effects of Aloe barbadensis leaf methanolic extract (ABLME) on the quality and spermatozoa fertilising potential of extended goat semen. 100 g of fresh A. barbadensis leaves were washed, chopped, dried, ground and extracted with 95.0% methanol (ABLME). The ABLME was added to egg yolk + sodium citrate (EYSC) diluent at 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 g/L and used to extend the goat semen. The extended semen samples were stored at 4 o C and were evaluated at 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours post storage. All treatments were replicated thrice in a completely randomized design. Spermatozoa progressive motility (SPM), spermatozoa liveability (SPL), normal spermatozoa (NSP), acrosome integrity (ACI), plasma membrane integrity (PMI), secondary morphological abnormalities (SMA) and microbial load (CFU/mL) were evaluated and analyzed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at α0.05. Significant reduction in microbial load was observed in samples with 2.0 g/L ABLME (6.83 ± 4.80%) compared to control (27.50 ± 3.20%) at 48 hours. Reduced SMA was recorded for 2.00 g/L ABLME (9.00 ± 0.90%) compared to control (13.67 ± 1.00%). Methanolic extract (2.00 g/L) of A. barbadensis included in egg yolk + sodium citrate diluent gave antibacterial activity to extended buck semen for up to 48 hours.

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Effects of raw Aloe barbadensis leaf gel on quality and fertilising potential of extended semen from Red Sokoto bucks

Semen evaluation is a routine practice in breeding soundness evaluation and investigation of fert... more Semen evaluation is a routine practice in breeding soundness evaluation and investigation of fertility breeder male farm animals. Artificial insemination (A.I.) requires an objective and rapid, but inexpensive, method to evaluate ejaculates. The goal of semen assessment is to predict fertilising ability of the semen of breeding buck. A study was conducted to investigate the effects of raw Aloe barbadensis leaf gel (Gelraw) on quality and spermatozoa fertilising potential of extended goat semen. Semen was collected from buck using electro-ejaculator and were diluted with raw Aloe barbadensis Gel (Gelraw) at 7.00(GEYCE)+0.00(Gelraw), 5.25(GEYCE)+1.75(Gelraw), 3.50(GEYCE)+3.50(Gelraw), 1.75(GEYCE)+5.25(Gelraw), 0.00(GEYCE)+7.00(Gelraw) as T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively. Extended semen samples were evaluated at 0, 24, 48 and 72 h for quality and spermatozoa fertilising potential. All treatments were replicated thrice in completely randomized design. At 72-h, Normal Spermatozoa (NS) and Acrosome Integrity (AcI) of 5.25g/L Gelraw treated samples significantly increased to 78.33±2.0% and 82.23±4.3% compared to 67.33±7.0% and 73.33±5.0% respectively in the control while ProgressiveMotility (PM) and Plasma Membrane Integrity (PMI) were not significantly affected. Aloe barbadensis gel (Gelraw) added to diluent at 7.00g/L offered cytoprotection to extended buck spermatozoa for 72 hours.

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Acetylcholinesterase Activity in the Brain Regions of Pubertal Pigs Fed Dietary Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) Kernel

Neem kernel (NK) with a higher dietary energy than maize could be a viable ingredient in swine nu... more Neem kernel (NK) with a higher dietary energy than maize could be a viable ingredient in swine nutrition. However, there are established documentation of many chemical constituents in neem that are classified as antinutrients. Hence, the effects of dietary NK on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities in the brain regions of pubertal boars and pigs were investigated. Acetylcholinesterase is the enzyme which catalyses the hydrolysis of acetylcholine and is known to mediate food and water intake. A feeding trial was conducted with forty growing pigs consisting of twenty males and twenty females (8 to 10 weeks old) in a completely randomised design, to evaluate the influence of NK inclusion in swine diets at 0, 50, 100 and 150 g/kg, on AChE activities in the brain regions of pigs. The pigs were raised until they attained pubertal age and were subsequently sacrificed. The AChE activity (µmole/g/ minute) was determined by colorimetric method. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at α 0.05 Pigs on 150 g/kg NK diet showed significantly (P<0.05) reduced AChE activities in cerebrum, cerebellum, mesencephalon, pons varolii, and medulla oblongata compared to those on control. Significant (P< 0.05) increase in AChE activity was, however, observed for hypothalamus. Neem kernel can be included up to 100 g/kg in swine diets without deleterious effects on the AChE activities in the brain regions of growing pigs. Also, results suggested that effects of NK on AChE activities were more pronounced in pubertal gilts than in boars.

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Haematological and serum biochemical indices of growing female pigs fed dietary Spondias mombin leaf meal

Blood serves as physiological indicator of assessing quality of feed offered to an animal, their ... more Blood serves as physiological indicator of assessing quality of feed offered to an animal, their health status and body functionality. An experiment was carried out to evaluate the haematological and serum biochemical profiles of growing female pigs fed diets with varying levels of Spondias mombin leaf meal (SMLM). Sixteen growing female pigs weighing 10.5 to 14.0 kg were randomly allotted to four treatments supplemented maize feed ingredient with 0.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5% in two phases of feeding with Spondias mombin leaf meal w/w in a Completely Randomized Design with four animals per treatment and replicated twice. Haematological and serum biochemical parameters were assessed. The results show that Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Red Blood Cell (RBC), Platelets and White Blood Cell (WBC) differentials were similar (p>0.05) in mean values, except for Hb which in T4 was significantly (p<0.05) different from other treatments in Hb (p<0.05). There were similarities in mean values of serum biochemical indices across treatments, except albumin and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) values in T3 indicating SMLM inclusion improves serum protein synthesis giving rise to more tissue formation. From this study, supplementation of SMLM up to 5.0% maize in growing female pigs' diet have no deleterious effect on physiological health status and has potential to improve tissue development of animals.

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Effect of cottonseed meal supplemented with tryptophan on growth performance and organ development of rabbit bucks

The effect of cottonseed meal supplemented with tryptophan on growth performance and organ develo... more The effect of cottonseed meal supplemented with tryptophan on growth performance and organ development of rabbit bucks was studied using a total of 35 weaned male rabbits weighing 1182.3-1419.0g. Seven diets with 3 different inclusion level of 0.0, 0.2, and 0.4% tryptophan with 0.0, 10, and 20% cottonseed meal based diets were fed to a group of 5 rabbits each. Rabbits were allotted in a completely randomized design. Experimental diets and water were supplied ad-libitium for the period of 5weeks. During the feeding trial, weekly growth performance (body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio) and organ weights were determined. All the growth parameters were not affected (p>0.05) by the different inclusion of the dietary treatment and in the organ (p>0.05) weights. However, liver weight in T1 (2.68g) was better (p<0.05) than T6 (1.98g). Also, the left and right testes in T1 (0.31g) were better (p<0.05) than T5 (0.17g) and T6 (0.20g). This experiment showed that cottonseed meal supplemented with tryptophan did not have any effect on the growth performance and organ weight of the rabbit buck at the dietary inclusion levels.

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Cytoprotective effects of garlic on spermatozoa quality and fertilizing ability of extended porcine semen

by Theo Iruo and alaba olufemi

Fertilizing potential of spermatozoa is pivotal for successful artificial insemination. Preservat... more Fertilizing potential of spermatozoa is pivotal for successful artificial insemination. Preservation of boar semen is associated with the production of reactive oxygen species which leads to decline of spermatozoa quality and decrease in fertilizing ability. The study aimed at investigating the effects of Ethanolic Allium sativum Extracts (EASE) as a cytoprotective agent on the quality and fertilizing potential of spermatozoa in extended boar semen. Semen was collected and aliquot portions were divided into 60 sample bottles comprising of five treatments with replicates. T1 served as the control (Beltsville Thawing Solution (BTS) + semen) in ratio 1:3 semen-extender, while other treatments T2 to T5 contained semen-extender at the same ratio, but supplemented with EASE at varying concentrations of 50, 75, 100 and 125 µg/L respectively stored at 17 °C and were evaluated at 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours for pH, normal spermatozoa (NS) (%), liveability (%), acrosome integrity (AI) (%) in a completely randomized design. Data obtained were subjected to descriptive statistics and analysed using one way ANOVA and means were separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test. Treated semen samples (75, 100 and 125 µg/L) gave superior (P<0.05) liveability than control, up to 72 hours. Similar (P>0.05) mean values were observed for NS from all treatments except 50 µg/L at 24 hours. At 72 hours, treated samples (75, 100 and 125 µg/L) gave superior (P<0.05) NS. Significant differences (P<0.05) in mean values for pH were observed among treatments through the extension period. However, all values were within accepted range for quality semen. Acrosome integrity were similar (P>0.05) among treatments from 0 to 72 hours, but reduced (P<0.05). Results suggest that the supplementation of BTS with EASE 125 µg/L, gave better cytoprotection to the spermatozoa compared to the control.

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Cytoprotective effects of garlic on spermatozoa quality and fertilizing ability of extended porcine semen

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production

Fertilizing potential of spermatozoa is pivotal for successful artificial insemination. Preservat... more Fertilizing potential of spermatozoa is pivotal for successful artificial insemination. Preservation of boar semen is associated with the production of reactive oxygen species which leads to decline of spermatozoa quality and decrease in fertilizing ability. The study aimed at investigating the effects of Ethanolic Allium sativum Extracts (EASE) as a cytoprotective agent on the quality and fertilizing potential of spermatozoa in extended boar semen. Semen was collected and aliquot portions were divided into 60 sample bottles comprising of five treatments with replicates. T1 served as the control (Beltsville Thawing Solution (BTS) + semen) in ratio 1:3 semen-extender, while other treatments T2 to T5 contained semen-extender at the same ratio, but supplemented with EASE at varying concentrations of 50, 75, 100 and 125 μg/L respectively stored at 17 °C and were evaluated at 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours for pH, normal spermatozoa (NS) (%), liveability (%), acrosome integrity (AI) (%) in a com...

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Effects of Egg Yolks from Different Avian Species on Boar Sperm Motility and Livability

Egg yolk is one of the most widely used components for freezing and cold storage of semen and its... more Egg yolk is one of the most widely used components for freezing and cold storage of semen and its action on sperm motility, fertilizing ability and viability are influenced by a large number of factors. This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of egg yolk from different avian species, namely the domestic chicken ( Gallus domesticus ), the turkey ( Meleagris gallopavo ) and Japanese quail ( Cortinux japonica ) on spermatozoa quality following refrigeration of boar semen. at 8 0 C for 0 hour, 24 and 48 hours. Ejaculate was collected using gloved-hand technique from a mature boar and spermatological parameters were assessed. Beltsville thawing solution (BTS) was used as the experimental extender. The experimental extenders consisted of BTS only as the control, while others consisted of BTS and egg yolk from domestic chicken, turkey and quail respectively. Extended semen samples were assessed for motility and livability after refrigeration at 8 0 C for 0 hour, 24 and 48 hou...

Cytoprotective effects of garlic on spermatozoa quality and fertilizing ability of extended porcine semen

Fertilizing potential of spermatozoa is pivotal for successful artificial insemination. Preservat... more Fertilizing potential of spermatozoa is pivotal for successful artificial insemination. Preservation of boar semen is associated with the production of reactive oxygen species which leads to decline of spermatozoa quality and decrease in fertilizing ability. The study aimed at investigating the effects of Ethanolic Allium sativum Extracts (EASE) as a cytoprotective agent on the quality and fertilizing potential of spermatozoa in extended boar semen. Semen was collected and aliquot portions were divided into 60 sample bottles comprising of five treatments with replicates. T1 served as the control (Beltsville Thawing Solution (BTS) + semen) in ratio 1:3 semen-extender, while other treatments T2 to T5 contained semen-extender at the same ratio, but supplemented with EASE at varying concentrations of 50, 75, 100 and 125 µg/L respectively stored at 17 °C and were evaluated at 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours for pH, normal spermatozoa (NS) (%), liveability (%), acrosome integrity (AI) (%) in a completely randomized design. Data obtained were subjected to descriptive statistics and analysed using one way ANOVA and means were separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test. Treated semen samples (75, 100 and 125 µg/L) gave superior (P<0.05) liveability than control, up to 72 hours. Similar (P>0.05) mean values were observed for NS from all treatments except 50 µg/L at 24 hours. At 72 hours, treated samples (75, 100 and 125 µg/L) gave superior (P<0.05) NS. Significant differences (P<0.05) in mean values for pH were observed among treatments through the extension period. However, all values were within accepted range for quality semen. Acrosome integrity were similar (P>0.05) among treatments from 0 to 72 hours, but reduced (P<0.05). Results suggest that the supplementation of BTS with EASE 125 µg/L, gave better cytoprotection to the spermatozoa compared to the control.

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Cytoprotective effects of garlic on spermatozoa quality and fertilizing ability of extended porcine semen

by alaba olufemi and Theo Iruo

Fertilizing potential of spermatozoa is pivotal for successful artificial insemination. Preservat... more Fertilizing potential of spermatozoa is pivotal for successful artificial insemination. Preservation of boar semen is associated with the production of reactive oxygen species which leads to decline of spermatozoa quality and decrease in fertilizing ability. The study aimed at investigating the effects of Ethanolic Allium sativum Extracts (EASE) as a cytoprotective agent on the quality and fertilizing potential of spermatozoa in extended boar semen. Semen was collected and aliquot portions were divided into 60 sample bottles comprising of five treatments with replicates. T1 served as the control (Beltsville Thawing Solution (BTS) + semen) in ratio 1:3 semen-extender, while other treatments T2 to T5 contained semen-extender at the same ratio, but supplemented with EASE at varying concentrations of 50, 75, 100 and 125 µg/L respectively stored at 17 °C and were evaluated at 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours for pH, normal spermatozoa (NS) (%), liveability (%), acrosome integrity (AI) (%) in a completely randomized design. Data obtained were subjected to descriptive statistics and analysed using one way ANOVA and means were separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test. Treated semen samples (75, 100 and 125 µg/L) gave superior (P<0.05) liveability than control, up to 72 hours. Similar (P>0.05) mean values were observed for NS from all treatments except 50 µg/L at 24 hours. At 72 hours, treated samples (75, 100 and 125 µg/L) gave superior (P<0.05) NS. Significant differences (P<0.05) in mean values for pH were observed among treatments through the extension period. However, all values were within accepted range for quality semen. Acrosome integrity were similar (P>0.05) among treatments from 0 to 72 hours, but reduced (P<0.05). Results suggest that the supplementation of BTS with EASE 125 µg/L, gave better cytoprotection to the spermatozoa compared to the control.

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Cytoprotective effects of garlic on spermatozoa quality and fertilizing ability of extended porcine semen

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 2, 2020

Fertilizing potential of spermatozoa is pivotal for successful artificial insemination. Preservat... more Fertilizing potential of spermatozoa is pivotal for successful artificial insemination. Preservation of boar semen is associated with the production of reactive oxygen species which leads to decline of spermatozoa quality and decrease in fertilizing ability. The study aimed at investigating the effects of Ethanolic Allium sativum Extracts (EASE) as a cytoprotective agent on the quality and fertilizing potential of spermatozoa in extended boar semen. Semen was collected and aliquot portions were divided into 60 sample bottles comprising of five treatments with replicates. T1 served as the control (Beltsville Thawing Solution (BTS) + semen) in ratio 1:3 semen-extender, while other treatments T2 to T5 contained semen-extender at the same ratio, but supplemented with EASE at varying concentrations of 50, 75, 100 and 125 µg/L respectively stored at 17 °C and were evaluated at 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours for pH, normal spermatozoa (NS) (%), liveability (%), acrosome integrity (AI) (%) in a completely randomized design. Data obtained were subjected to descriptive statistics and analysed using one way ANOVA and means were separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test. Treated semen samples (75, 100 and 125 µg/L) gave superior (P<0.05) liveability than control, up to 72 hours. Similar (P>0.05) mean values were observed for NS from all treatments except 50 µg/L at 24 hours. At 72 hours, treated samples (75, 100 and 125 µg/L) gave superior (P<0.05) NS. Significant differences (P<0.05) in mean values for pH were observed among treatments through the extension period. However, all values were within accepted range for quality semen. Acrosome integrity were similar (P>0.05) among treatments from 0 to 72 hours, but reduced (P<0.05). Results suggest that the supplementation of BTS with EASE 125 µg/L, gave better cytoprotection to the spermatozoa compared to the control.

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