Wheat and Rice in Disease Prevention and Health, 2014
Micronutrient malnutrition, characterized by insufficient intake levels of vitamins and minerals,... more Micronutrient malnutrition, characterized by insufficient intake levels of vitamins and minerals, is a major public health problem that affects about 2 billion people worldwide. In order to reduce the burden of this 'hidden hunger', biofortification is more and more advocated as an alternative to the current micronutrient interventions. Through the enhancement of the micronutrient level of staple crops, it could address micronutrient malnutrition where the need is highest. Because staple crops are characterized by low micronutrient concentrations, genetic breeding techniques are often applied to increase specific vitamin levels, such as folate and pro-vitamin A. This study sheds a light on the global status of micronutrient malnutrition, biofortification and GM biofortified rice as both a GM food product with health benefits and a micronutrient intervention. Thereby, key consumer preference studies and cost-effectiveness analyses on Folate Biofortified Rice and Golden Rice are presented. Support is found for GM biofortified rice as a well-accepted GM food crop and a highly cost-effective health intervention.
The consumption of insects is known as entomophagy, and it is practiced by indigenous communities... more The consumption of insects is known as entomophagy, and it is practiced by indigenous communities from different regions of the world. ·The key nutritional values of edible insect include: high protein content and quality superior to many protein sources; highly unsaturated fats, particularly linoleic and linolenic acids, which are essential fatty acids; vitamins and minerals, particularly the B group of vitamins and essential trace elements, such as iron, zinc, and copper. Besides, they are rich in dietary fiber in the form of chitin, which presents a host of other health and nutrition benefits. ·The large-scale production and use of edible insects can help to improve the environment, health, and livelihood of those consuming them. In developing countries, where undernourishment is at a critical level, harnessing and adopting edible insects in the household food supply system can radically improve nutrition and food security. ·The mass rearing and production of the edible insects n...
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Although it is crucial to identify those children likely to be treated in ... more BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Although it is crucial to identify those children likely to be treated in an appropriate nutrition rehabilitation programme and discharge them at the appropriate time, there is no golden standard for such identification. The current study examined the appropriateness of using Mid-Upper Arm Circumference for the identification, follow-up and discharge of malnourished children. We also assessed its discrepancy with the Weight-for-Height based diagnosis, the rate of recovery, and the discharge criteria of the children during nutrition rehabilitation. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The study present findings from 156 children (aged 6-59 months) attending a supplementary feeding programme at Makadara and Jericho Health Centres, Eastern District of Nairobi, Kenya. Records of age, weight, height and mid-upper arm circumference were selected at three stages of nutrition rehabilitation: admission, follow-up and discharge. The values obtained were then used to calculate z-scores as defined by WHO Anthro while estimating different diagnostic indices. RESULTS: Mid-upper arm circumference single cut-off (< 12.5 cm) was found to exhibit high values of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio at both admission and discharge. Besides, children recorded higher rate of recovery at 86 days, an average increment of 0.98 cm at the rate of 0.14mm/day, and a weight gain of 13.49gm/day, albeit higher in female than their male counterparts. Nevertheless, children admitted on basis of low MUAC had a significantly higher MUAC gain than WH at 0.19mm/day and 0.13mm/day respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Mid-upper arm circumference can be an appropriate tool for identifying malnourished children for admission to nutrition rehabilitation programs. Our results confirm the appropriateness of this tool for monitoring recovery trends and discharging the children thereafter. In principle the tool has potential to minimize nutrition rehabilitation costs, particularly in community therapeutic centres in developing countries.
Objective/Purpose: To use Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) to evaluate stakeholders' intention ... more Objective/Purpose: To use Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) to evaluate stakeholders' intention to adopt iodine biofortified foods as an alternative means to improve children's iodine status and overall school performance. Methods: A survey was administered with 360 parents of primary school children and 40 school heads. Protection motivation is measured through matching the cognitive processes they use to evaluate iodine deficiency (threat appraisal), as well as iodine biofortified foods to reduce the threat (coping appraisal). Data were analyzed through Robust (Cluster) regression analysis. Results: Gender had a significant effect on coping appraisal for school heads, while age, education, occupation, income, household size and knowledge were significant predictors of threat, coping appraisal and/or protection motivation intention among parents. Nevertheless, in the overall protection motivation model, only two coping factors, namely self-efficacy (parents) and response cost (school heads), influenced the intention to adopt iodine biofortified foods. Conclusion: School feeding programs incorporating iodine biofortification should strive to increase not only consumer knowledge about iodine but also its association to apparent deficiency disorders, boost self-efficacy and ensure that the costs incurred are not perceived as barriers of adoption. The insignificant threat appraisal effects lend support for targeting future communication on biofortification upon the strategies itself, rather than on the targeted micronutrient deficiency. PMT, and coping factors in particular, seem to be valuable in assessing intentions to adopt healthy foods. Nevertheless, research is needed to improve the impacts of threat appraisal factors.
Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal, 2015
Mid upper arm circumference-based diagnosis of severe acute malnutrition is seen as very attracti... more Mid upper arm circumference-based diagnosis of severe acute malnutrition is seen as very attractive because it is assumed to be simple to use in measuring the arm and also requires a single cut-off without having to compute an index or compare to a reference population. The circumference of the left upper arm measured at the mid-point between the tip of the shoulder and the tip of the elbow is referred to as mid upper arm circumference (MUAC). MUAC was originally used in emergency settings where huge populations had to be screened within a short time. However, in the past few years the development of community therapeutic care of acute malnutrition implied a need for a diagnostic tool. The general objective of the study was to assess the inter-and intra-observer variability in MUAC measurements of under-five children by community health nurses in selected communities of the Northern Region in Ghana. A community-based cohort study was conducted on a convenience sample of 120 community health nurses and nursing students from selected communities in the Northern region of Ghana. Each CHN measured MUAC for four unique children on three consecutive days to assess intra-observer variability. To assess inter-observer variability, 50 independent nursing students took MUAC measures of four children on the same day. Bland Altman plots showed a high degree of agreement of MUAC measures taken repeatedly for three days by the same observers and ICC= 0.993. MUAC measures among observers (inter-observer) and ICC =0.042 showed a considerable level of variability among different observers. This study showed that MUAC is reliable when repeated measures are taken on children by the same observers, but using different observers for the same children showed a high level of variability.
Micronutrient malnutrition, characterized by insufficient intake levels of vitamins and minerals,... more Micronutrient malnutrition, characterized by insufficient intake levels of vitamins and minerals, is a major public health problem that affects about 2 billion people worldwide. In order to reduce the burden of this ‘hidden hunger’, biofortification is more and more advocated as an alternative to the current micronutrient interventions. Through the enhancement of the micronutrient level of staple crops, it could address micronutrient malnutrition where the need is highest. Because staple crops are characterized by low micronutrient concentrations, genetic breeding techniques are often applied to increase specific vitamin levels, such as folate and pro-vitamin A. This study sheds a light on the global status of micronutrient malnutrition, biofortification and GM biofortified rice as both a GM food product with health benefits and a micronutrient intervention. Thereby, key consumer preference studies and cost-effectiveness analyses on Folate Biofortified Rice and Golden Rice are prese...
Wheat and Rice in Disease Prevention and Health, 2014
Micronutrient malnutrition, characterized by insufficient intake levels of vitamins and minerals,... more Micronutrient malnutrition, characterized by insufficient intake levels of vitamins and minerals, is a major public health problem that affects about 2 billion people worldwide. In order to reduce the burden of this 'hidden hunger', biofortification is more and more advocated as an alternative to the current micronutrient interventions. Through the enhancement of the micronutrient level of staple crops, it could address micronutrient malnutrition where the need is highest. Because staple crops are characterized by low micronutrient concentrations, genetic breeding techniques are often applied to increase specific vitamin levels, such as folate and pro-vitamin A. This study sheds a light on the global status of micronutrient malnutrition, biofortification and GM biofortified rice as both a GM food product with health benefits and a micronutrient intervention. Thereby, key consumer preference studies and cost-effectiveness analyses on Folate Biofortified Rice and Golden Rice are presented. Support is found for GM biofortified rice as a well-accepted GM food crop and a highly cost-effective health intervention.
The consumption of insects is known as entomophagy, and it is practiced by indigenous communities... more The consumption of insects is known as entomophagy, and it is practiced by indigenous communities from different regions of the world. ·The key nutritional values of edible insect include: high protein content and quality superior to many protein sources; highly unsaturated fats, particularly linoleic and linolenic acids, which are essential fatty acids; vitamins and minerals, particularly the B group of vitamins and essential trace elements, such as iron, zinc, and copper. Besides, they are rich in dietary fiber in the form of chitin, which presents a host of other health and nutrition benefits. ·The large-scale production and use of edible insects can help to improve the environment, health, and livelihood of those consuming them. In developing countries, where undernourishment is at a critical level, harnessing and adopting edible insects in the household food supply system can radically improve nutrition and food security. ·The mass rearing and production of the edible insects n...
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Although it is crucial to identify those children likely to be treated in ... more BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Although it is crucial to identify those children likely to be treated in an appropriate nutrition rehabilitation programme and discharge them at the appropriate time, there is no golden standard for such identification. The current study examined the appropriateness of using Mid-Upper Arm Circumference for the identification, follow-up and discharge of malnourished children. We also assessed its discrepancy with the Weight-for-Height based diagnosis, the rate of recovery, and the discharge criteria of the children during nutrition rehabilitation. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The study present findings from 156 children (aged 6-59 months) attending a supplementary feeding programme at Makadara and Jericho Health Centres, Eastern District of Nairobi, Kenya. Records of age, weight, height and mid-upper arm circumference were selected at three stages of nutrition rehabilitation: admission, follow-up and discharge. The values obtained were then used to calculate z-scores as defined by WHO Anthro while estimating different diagnostic indices. RESULTS: Mid-upper arm circumference single cut-off (< 12.5 cm) was found to exhibit high values of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio at both admission and discharge. Besides, children recorded higher rate of recovery at 86 days, an average increment of 0.98 cm at the rate of 0.14mm/day, and a weight gain of 13.49gm/day, albeit higher in female than their male counterparts. Nevertheless, children admitted on basis of low MUAC had a significantly higher MUAC gain than WH at 0.19mm/day and 0.13mm/day respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Mid-upper arm circumference can be an appropriate tool for identifying malnourished children for admission to nutrition rehabilitation programs. Our results confirm the appropriateness of this tool for monitoring recovery trends and discharging the children thereafter. In principle the tool has potential to minimize nutrition rehabilitation costs, particularly in community therapeutic centres in developing countries.
Objective/Purpose: To use Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) to evaluate stakeholders' intention ... more Objective/Purpose: To use Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) to evaluate stakeholders' intention to adopt iodine biofortified foods as an alternative means to improve children's iodine status and overall school performance. Methods: A survey was administered with 360 parents of primary school children and 40 school heads. Protection motivation is measured through matching the cognitive processes they use to evaluate iodine deficiency (threat appraisal), as well as iodine biofortified foods to reduce the threat (coping appraisal). Data were analyzed through Robust (Cluster) regression analysis. Results: Gender had a significant effect on coping appraisal for school heads, while age, education, occupation, income, household size and knowledge were significant predictors of threat, coping appraisal and/or protection motivation intention among parents. Nevertheless, in the overall protection motivation model, only two coping factors, namely self-efficacy (parents) and response cost (school heads), influenced the intention to adopt iodine biofortified foods. Conclusion: School feeding programs incorporating iodine biofortification should strive to increase not only consumer knowledge about iodine but also its association to apparent deficiency disorders, boost self-efficacy and ensure that the costs incurred are not perceived as barriers of adoption. The insignificant threat appraisal effects lend support for targeting future communication on biofortification upon the strategies itself, rather than on the targeted micronutrient deficiency. PMT, and coping factors in particular, seem to be valuable in assessing intentions to adopt healthy foods. Nevertheless, research is needed to improve the impacts of threat appraisal factors.
Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal, 2015
Mid upper arm circumference-based diagnosis of severe acute malnutrition is seen as very attracti... more Mid upper arm circumference-based diagnosis of severe acute malnutrition is seen as very attractive because it is assumed to be simple to use in measuring the arm and also requires a single cut-off without having to compute an index or compare to a reference population. The circumference of the left upper arm measured at the mid-point between the tip of the shoulder and the tip of the elbow is referred to as mid upper arm circumference (MUAC). MUAC was originally used in emergency settings where huge populations had to be screened within a short time. However, in the past few years the development of community therapeutic care of acute malnutrition implied a need for a diagnostic tool. The general objective of the study was to assess the inter-and intra-observer variability in MUAC measurements of under-five children by community health nurses in selected communities of the Northern Region in Ghana. A community-based cohort study was conducted on a convenience sample of 120 community health nurses and nursing students from selected communities in the Northern region of Ghana. Each CHN measured MUAC for four unique children on three consecutive days to assess intra-observer variability. To assess inter-observer variability, 50 independent nursing students took MUAC measures of four children on the same day. Bland Altman plots showed a high degree of agreement of MUAC measures taken repeatedly for three days by the same observers and ICC= 0.993. MUAC measures among observers (inter-observer) and ICC =0.042 showed a considerable level of variability among different observers. This study showed that MUAC is reliable when repeated measures are taken on children by the same observers, but using different observers for the same children showed a high level of variability.
Micronutrient malnutrition, characterized by insufficient intake levels of vitamins and minerals,... more Micronutrient malnutrition, characterized by insufficient intake levels of vitamins and minerals, is a major public health problem that affects about 2 billion people worldwide. In order to reduce the burden of this ‘hidden hunger’, biofortification is more and more advocated as an alternative to the current micronutrient interventions. Through the enhancement of the micronutrient level of staple crops, it could address micronutrient malnutrition where the need is highest. Because staple crops are characterized by low micronutrient concentrations, genetic breeding techniques are often applied to increase specific vitamin levels, such as folate and pro-vitamin A. This study sheds a light on the global status of micronutrient malnutrition, biofortification and GM biofortified rice as both a GM food product with health benefits and a micronutrient intervention. Thereby, key consumer preference studies and cost-effectiveness analyses on Folate Biofortified Rice and Golden Rice are prese...
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Papers by Joseph Mogendi