Papers by Rodolfo Paranhos
Comparisons between in situ measurements of surface chlorophyll concentration and ocean colour re... more Comparisons between in situ measurements of surface chlorophyll concentration and ocean colour remote sensing estimates were conducted during the FITOSAT I cruise in the Brazilian Southeastern continental shelf and slope during November 2004. In situ estimates were based on Turner fluorometry, above-water radiometry and lidar fluorosensor. Three empirical algorithms were used to estimate chlorophyll a concentration from radiometric measurements: Ocean Chlorophyll 3 bands (OC3M), Ocean Chlorophyll 4 bands (OC4v4), and Ocean Chlorophyll 2 bands (OC2v4). The satellite estimates of chlorophyll a were derived from data collected by the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) with a nominal 1.1 km resolution at nadir. Three algorithms were used to estimate chlorophyll concentrations from MODIS data: one empirical -OC3M, and two semi-analytical -Garver, Siegel, Maritorena version 01 (GSM01), and Carder. In this paper, LIDAR, MODIS and in situ above-water radiometry and fluorometry are briefly described and the estimated values of chlorophyll retrieved by these techniques are compared.
ABstract With the aims to assess the microbial biogeochemistry in SES and to understand its conne... more ABstract With the aims to assess the microbial biogeochemistry in SES and to understand its connection with natural and/or anthropogenic pressures, the microbial signatures (biomass and metabolic rates) were analyzed in the Ionian-Adriatic system. Prokaryotes underwent fast modification of structure and metabolism within the water masses.
We report on the first characterization of the culturable heterotrophic bacteria of the scleracti... more We report on the first characterization of the culturable heterotrophic bacteria of the scleractinian Madracis decactis. In addition, we characterized the culturable bacteria associated with the fireworm Hermodice carunculata, observed predating partially bleached coral colonies. Our study was carried out in the remote St. Peter and St. Paul Archipelago (SPSPA), Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Brazil. We constituted a 403 isolates collection and subsequently characterized it by means of pyrH and 16S rRNA partial sequences. We identified Photobacterium, Bacillus, and Vibrio species as members of the culturable microbiota of healthy M. decactis. V. campbellii, V. harveyi, V. communis, and V. maritimus were the most commonly found Vibrio species in healthy corals, representing more than 60 % of all vibrio isolates. Most of the vibrios isolated from the fireworm's tissues (n = 143; [90 %) were identified as V. shiloi. However, we did not recover V. shiloi from bleached M. decactis. Instead, we isolated V. communis, a novel Photobacterium species, Bacillus, Kocuria, and Pseudovibrio, suggesting a possible role of other facultative anaerobic bacteria and/or environmental features (such as water quality) in the onset of bleaching in SPSPA's M. decactis.
Hydrobiologia, 2014
Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer Science +B... more Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer Science +Business Media Dordrecht. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be selfarchived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com".
Oecologia Australis, 2010
Os ecossistemas de mar profundo representam cerca de 65% da superfície do planeta e desempenham u... more Os ecossistemas de mar profundo representam cerca de 65% da superfície do planeta e desempenham um papel importante na produção de biomassa e nos ciclos biogeoquímicos em uma escala global. Estes processos são amplamente mediados por procariotos bentônicos, os quais utilizam detritos orgânicos para a produção de biomassa e respiração. Por este motivo, os sedimentos marinhos se configuram como importante matriz biológica e tem grande relevância na ecologia do sistema de mar profundo. No tempo geológico, eventos que ocorrem neste compartimento, como a degradação de matéria orgânica, afetam profundamente a composição química do oceano e da atmosfera. Devido à sua importância e complexidade, o sistema de mar profundo e a sua microbiota associada têm sido objeto de inúmeros estudos ao longo dos últimos 50 anos, especialmente na última década. Os parâmetros mais comumente analisados nos sedimentos são abundância bacteriana, biomassa e atividade metabólica. Diversas metodologias podem ser utilizadas na análise da atividade microbiana em sedimentos, entre elas a incorporação de aminoácidos marcados com 14 C ou ³H e a medida da respiração bacteriana. A análise de biomassa frequentemente exige a determinação prévia da abundância bacteriana, tornando imprescindível que a quantificação da microbiota do sedimento seja realizada de forma correta. A separação das células das partículas de sedimento e sua apropriada desagregação são necessárias para aplicações de microscopia de epifluorescência e para a análise por citometria em fluxo. O uso otimizado das técnicas de extração e análise e sua avaliação de modo combinado com outros parâmetros microbianos possibilitará um maior entendimento do papel desenvolvido pelos organismos procariotos nos oceanos do mundo. Palavras-chave: Bactérias de mar profundo; abundância; biomassa; matéria orgânica; métodos de extração de bactérias.
Coastal Ocean Remote Sensing, 2007
Comparisons between in situ measurements of surface chlorophyll concentration (CHL) and ocean col... more Comparisons between in situ measurements of surface chlorophyll concentration (CHL) and ocean color remote sensing estimates were conducted during an oceanographic cruise in the Brazilian Southeastern continental shelf and slope in November 2004. In situ estimates were based on fluorometry, above-water radiometry and lidar fluorosensor. Three empirical algorithms were used to estimate chlorophyll a concentration from radiometric measurements: Ocean Chlorophyll
FEMS microbiology ecology, 2008
Municipal sewage, urban runoff and accidental oil spills are common sources of pollutants in urba... more Municipal sewage, urban runoff and accidental oil spills are common sources of pollutants in urban mangrove forests and may have drastic effects on the microbial communities inhabiting the sediment. However, studies on microbial communities in the sediment of urban mangroves are largely lacking. In this study, we explored the diversity of bacterial communities in the sediment of three urban mangroves located in Guanabara Bay (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). Analysis of sediment samples by means of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of 16S rRNA gene fragments suggested that the overall bacterial diversity was not significantly affected by the different levels of hydrocarbon pollution at each sampling site. However, DGGE and sequence analyses provided evidences that each mangrove sediment displayed a specific structure bacterial community. Although primer sets for Pseudomonas, alphaproteobacterial and actinobacterial groups also amplified ribotypes belonging to taxa not intended to be enriched, sequence analyses of dominant DGGE bands revealed ribotypes related to Alteromonadales, Burkholderiales, Pseudomonadales, Rhodobacterales and Rhodocyclales. Members of these groups were often shown to be involved in aerobic or anaerobic degradation of hydrocarbon pollutants. Many of these sequences were only detected in the sampling sites with high levels of anthropogenic inputs of hydrocarbons. Many dominant DGGE ribotypes showed low levels of sequence identity to known sequences, indicating a large untapped bacterial diversity in mangrove ecosystems.
Current microbiology, 2014
We report on the first characterization of the culturable heterotrophic bacteria of the scleracti... more We report on the first characterization of the culturable heterotrophic bacteria of the scleractinian Madracis decactis. In addition, we characterized the culturable bacteria associated with the fireworm Hermodice carunculata, observed predating partially bleached coral colonies. Our study was carried out in the remote St. Peter and St. Paul Archipelago (SPSPA), Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Brazil. We constituted a 403 isolates collection and subsequently characterized it by means of pyrH and 16S rRNA partial sequences. We identified Photobacterium, Bacillus, and Vibrio species as members of the culturable microbiota of healthy M. decactis. V. campbellii, V. harveyi, V. communis, and V. maritimus were the most commonly found Vibrio species in healthy corals, representing more than 60 % of all vibrio isolates. Most of the vibrios isolated from the fireworm's tissues (n = 143; [90 %) were identified as V. shiloi. However, we did not recover V. shiloi from bleached M. decactis. Instead, we isolated V. communis, a novel Photobacterium species, Bacillus, Kocuria, and Pseudovibrio, suggesting a possible role of other facultative anaerobic bacteria and/or environmental features (such as water quality) in the onset of bleaching in SPSPA's M. decactis.
Microbial Ecology, 2014
The Brazilian endemic scleractinian corals, genus Mussismilia, are among the main reef builders o... more The Brazilian endemic scleractinian corals, genus Mussismilia, are among the main reef builders of the South Atlantic and are threatened by accelerating rates of disease. To better understand how holobiont microbial populations interact with corals during health and disease and to evaluate whether selective pressures in the holobiont or neutral assembly shape microbial composition, we have examined the microbiota structure of Mussismilia corals according to coral lineage, environment, and disease/health status. Microbiota of three Mussismilia species (Mussismilia harttii, Mussismilia hispida, and Mussismilia braziliensis) was compared using 16S rRNA pyrosequencing and clone library analysis of coral fragments. Analysis of biological triplicates per Mussismilia species and reef site allowed assessment of variability among Mussismilia species and between sites for M. braziliensis. From 173,487 V6 sequences, 6,733 coral-and 1,052 water-associated operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were observed. M. braziliensis microbiota was more similar across reefs than to other Mussismilia species microbiota from the same reef. Highly prevalent OTUs were more significantly structured by coral lineage and were enriched in Alpha-and Gammaproteobacteria. Bacterial OTUs from healthy corals were recovered from a M. braziliensis skeleton sample at twice the frequency of recovery from water or a diseased coral suggesting the skeleton is a significant habitat for microbial populations in the holobiont. Diseased corals were enriched with pathogens and opportunists (Vibrios, Bacteroidetes, Thalassomonas, and SRB). Our study examines for the first time intra-and inter-specific variability of microbiota across the genus Mussismilia. Changes in microbiota may be useful indicators of coral health and thus be a valuable tool for coral reef management and conservation.
Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions, 2009
Mining of metallic sulfide ore produces acidic water with high metal concentrations that have har... more Mining of metallic sulfide ore produces acidic water with high metal concentrations that have harmful consequences for aquatic life. To understand the composition and structure of microbial communities in acid mine drainage (AMD) waters associated with Zn mine tailings, molecular diversity of 16S genes was examined using a PCR, cloning, and sequencing approach. A total of 78 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained from samples collected at five different sites in and around mining residues in Sepetiba Bay, Brazil. We analyzed metal concentration, physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters related to prokaryotic diversity in low metal impacted compared to highly polluted environments with Zn at level of gram per liter and Cd-Pb at level of microgram per liter. Application of molecular methods for community structure analyses showed that Archaea and Bacteria groups present a phylogenetic relationship with uncultured environmental organisms. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that bacteria present at the five sites fell into seven known divisions, a-Proteobacteria (13.4%), b-Proteobacteria (16.3%), c-Proteobacteria (4.3%), Sphingobacteriales (4.3%), Actinobacteria (3.2%) Acidobacteria (2.1%), Cyanobacteria (11.9%), and unclassified bacteria (44.5%). Almost all archaeal clones were related to uncultivated Crenarchaeota species, which were shared between high impacted and low impacted waters. Rarefaction curves showed that bacterial groups are more diverse than archaeal groups while the overall prokaryotic biodiversity is lower in high metal impacted environments than in less polluted habitats. Knowledge of this microbial community structure will help in understanding prokaryotic diversity, biogeography, and the role of microorganisms in zinc smelting AMD generation and perhaps it may be exploited for environmental remediation procedures in this area.
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 2007
Bacterioplankton was studied in a large area of Southwest Atlantic Ocean between 13 and 25ºS and ... more Bacterioplankton was studied in a large area of Southwest Atlantic Ocean between 13 and 25ºS and 28 and 42ºW. Samples were collected in 108 stations at 20 m depth. Bacteria were enumerated by flow cytometry after nucleic acid staining with syto13 and two subgroups were differentiated: low nucleic acid content (LNA) and high nucleic acid content (HNA) bacteria. Total bacterial numbers varied from 0.37 to 5.53 105 cells mL1. HNA cells represented 15 to 70% of the total number while LNA cells represented 30 to 85%. Heterotrophic bacterial production was determined by incorporation of tritiated leucine and ranged from 2.7 to 171.07 ng C L1 h1. No significant correlation was found between abundance and production. Nevertheless with support of multivariate analysis between bacterial abundance, bacterial production, chlorophyll a and other oceanographic data the distribution of the groups in two different oceanic provinces could be explained by nutrient availability. HNA bacteria accounted for the high percentage of cells found in the area north of 19ºS, linked to higher temperature waters and riverine nutrients inputs. LNA bacteria were the dominant cells south of this latitude and were correlated to the higher values of nitrate found for the same area.
PloS one, 2012
The health of the coral reefs of the Abrolhos Bank (southwestern Atlantic) was characterized with... more The health of the coral reefs of the Abrolhos Bank (southwestern Atlantic) was characterized with a holistic approach using measurements of four ecosystem components: (i) inorganic and organic nutrient concentrations, [1] fish biomass, [1] macroalgal and coral cover and (iv) microbial community composition and abundance. The possible benefits of protection from fishing were particularly evaluated by comparing sites with varying levels of protection. Two reefs within the wellenforced no-take area of the National Marine Park of Abrolhos (Parcel dos Abrolhos and California) were compared with two unprotected coastal reefs (Sebastião Gomes and Pedra de Leste) and one legally protected but poorly enforced coastal reef (the ''paper park'' of Timbebas Reef). The fish biomass was lower and the fleshy macroalgal cover was higher in the unprotected reefs compared with the protected areas. The unprotected and protected reefs had similar seawater chemistry. Lower vibrio CFU counts were observed in the fully protected area of California Reef. Metagenome analysis showed that the unprotected reefs had a higher abundance of archaeal and viral sequences and more bacterial pathogens, while the protected reefs had a higher abundance of genes related to photosynthesis. Similar to other reef systems in the world, there was evidence that reductions in the biomass of herbivorous fishes and the consequent increase in macroalgal cover in the Abrolhos Bank may be affecting microbial diversity and abundance. Through the integration of different types of ecological data, the present study showed that protection from fishing may lead to greater reef health. The data presented herein suggest that protected coral reefs have higher microbial diversity, with the most degraded reef (Sebastião Gomes) showing a marked reduction in microbial species richness. It is concluded that ecological conditions in unprotected reefs may promote the growth and rapid evolution of opportunistic microbial pathogens.
Continental Shelf Research, 2013
We performed a biological survey in the novel system of sinkhole-like structures ("buracas") of t... more We performed a biological survey in the novel system of sinkhole-like structures ("buracas") of the Abrolhos Bank, Brazil. We found dissimilar benthic assemblages and higher nutrient concentration, microbial abundance (and activity) and fish abundance inside the buracas than in the surrounding rhodolith beds. Our results support the view that these cup-shaped structures trap and accumulate organic matter, functioning as productivity hotspots in the mid and outer shelf of the central portion of the Abrolhos Bank shelf, where they aggregate biomass of commercially important fishes. This distinctive system is being increasingly pressured by commercial fisheries and needs urgent management measures such as fishing effort control and representation in the network of Marine Protected Areas (MPAS).
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Papers by Rodolfo Paranhos