Http Dx Doi Org 10 1207 S15324826an0602_7, Jun 7, 2010
Eighteen epileptic patients with unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy (9 left, 9 right) were evaluat... more Eighteen epileptic patients with unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy (9 left, 9 right) were evaluated with a verbal memory task involving recall of 2 stories, 1 with affective content and 1 that was neutral. A trend for better performance by the group with intact left hemispheres was found for a quantitative score of number of story units recalled. For a qualitative score of number of symbolic distortions, a main effect of affective load was found, such that more distortions were made for the story with affective than neutral content. This effect remained significant when the left temporal lobe epilepsy patients were analyzed separately and was not found for the right temporal lobe epilepsy patients alone. Additional analyses for the subset of 5 patients with left and 6 patients with right temporal lobectomies involving removal of the hippocampus and amygdala were in the same direction as the analyses for all 18 participants. These findings are consistent with other reports of material-specific memory deficits, such that verbal memory deficits are associated with left temporal lobe epilepsy. The differences between performance on the affective and neutral stories for the left and right temporal lobe epilepsy patients are discussed and related to the role of the amygdala in affective processing.
Http Dx Doi Org 10 1207 S15324826an1003_03, Jun 7, 2010
There is much evidence that deficits in physical and psychological functioning persist long after... more There is much evidence that deficits in physical and psychological functioning persist long after traumatic brain injury occurs. This paper presents a brief outcome interview (BOI) that can be administered in person or over the telephone, with evaluation of change in functioning in three areas: (a). occupational status, (b). mobility/activities of daily living (ADL), and (c). social relationships. Forty-four traumatic brain injury participants were evaluated at an average of 6.2 years postinjury with the present BOI as well as with the Glasgow Outcome Scale and Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS). The BOI demonstrated strong concurrent validity with both scales, as well as strong test-retest reliability. IQ and memory scores obtained at an average of 4.1 months postinjury suggested that the injury was moderately severe. The average score on the GPS suggested "good recovery" and the average score on the KPS suggested "normal activity with effort, some signs or symptoms." These descriptions matched the BOI for the mobility/ADL dimension, for which all respondents reported some form of independent mobility, and 88.6% of the respondents reported no need for any kind of assistance in daily life functioning. However, significant long-term issues were seen for social and occupational functioning. Fifty-four percent said that they did not socialize as much as before their injury, and half of the participants reported not being involved in a romantic relationship in spite of an average age of 32 years. In terms of occupational status, 40.9% reported not working at all at any kind of job. Compared to before their injury, 47.7% said this was less time, 40.9% said that it was for a lower salary, and 54.5% said that their responsibilities were less. The stability of these social and occupational changes was indicated by high test-test reliabilities for the overall BOI score and the three subscale scores (r's ranged from.97 to 1.0). These stable long-term changes are consistent with some other studies and suggest that the social and occupational needs of this population warrant more attention.
Of 40 patients with cortical resections for epilepsy, three had focal suppression-burst (S-B) on ... more Of 40 patients with cortical resections for epilepsy, three had focal suppression-burst (S-B) on postresection intraoperative electrocorticography (ECoG). Eighteen to 24 months later, two patients were seizure-free and one had rare seizures. Follow-up neuropsychological testing and MRI did not reveal unexpected postoperative abnormalities. Follow-up scalp surface EEGs did not show S-B. Although S-B on postresection ECoG suggests severe localized cortical damage, this pattern near anterior temporal lobectomy resection margins was not associated with postoperative deficits.
ABSTRACT Twenty-one head injured patients were administered the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP) and... more ABSTRACT Twenty-one head injured patients were administered the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP) and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) at an average post-trauma time of 5.3 years. Wechsler IQ and Memory Quotient data were available for seventeen of these patients. The MMPI data replicated the Burton and Volpe (1988) finding of a pattern of elevation in the Depression, Psychopathic deviate, and Schizophrenia (2,4,8) scales, which reflects a "distress syndrome" and may be characteristic of head trauma patients.
... DOI: 10.1177/136140968800200402 1988 2: 151 Neurorehabil Neural Repair Leslie A. Burton and B... more ... DOI: 10.1177/136140968800200402 1988 2: 151 Neurorehabil Neural Repair Leslie A. Burton and Bruce T. Volpe Sex Differences in Emotional Status of Traumatically Brain-Injured Patients Published by: ... Page 2. 151 Sex Differences in Emotional Status of Traumatically ...
The frequency of occurrence of the Fuld profile for cholinergic deficiency was investigated in tw... more The frequency of occurrence of the Fuld profile for cholinergic deficiency was investigated in two clinical populations: inpatients who had suffered traumatic brain injury and outpatients who carried a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. The observed incidence of positive Fuld profiles was not significantly different in the two groups, 14% in the traumatic brain injury group and 24% in the Parkinson's disease group. These findings are consistent with recent reviews of the sensitivity and specificity of the Fuld profile in various clinical and nonclinical populations. The generally low sensitivity of the Fuld profile does not support its usefulness in the differential diagnosis of dementia. However, it may serve as an indicator of cholinergic deficiency, which could be used to select patients who would be likely to respond to cholinomimetic therapies.
Neuropsychology Development and Cognition Section a Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, Feb 1, 2010
A total of 91 university community participants were evaluated on the five personality factors (N... more A total of 91 university community participants were evaluated on the five personality factors (NEO-Five Factor Inventory; NEO-FFI) and with the Conners Continuous Performance Test (CPT). Gender differences for the Conners CPT variables were found such that the men were faster and less variable in their reaction times than the women, and the women were more sensitive in terms of signal detection and conservative in their responses than the men, consistent with the data reported by Conners, Epstein, Angold, and Klaric (2003) for a normative sample of 9-18 year olds. Interesting relationships between personality factors and the CPT variables were seen for the male and female groups, especially in terms of response style and vigilance. For the combined genders, higher vigilance was associated with higher neuroticism, lower extraversion, and lower agreeableness. Lower conscientiousness was associated with a more risk-taking/less conservative response bias. The men were more vigilant than the women, and for the men, this higher vigilance was related to lower conscientiousness, with trends for relationships with greater neuroticism and lower agreeableness. In the women, higher vigilance was related to lower extraversion, consistent with other studies. Men who were more extraverted also tended to be less conservative/more risk taking in their response style. A more risk-taking response style in women was associated with higher neuroticism, higher openness, and lower conscientiousness. The findings are interpreted in terms of underlying biological bases of behavior.
Two reaction time tasks were administered to male and female normal subjects, involving judgments... more Two reaction time tasks were administered to male and female normal subjects, involving judgments of facial emotion. In the Word-Face task, judgments of similarity or difference of a centrally presented emotion word and an emotional face presented in the left or right visual field were required, and in the Face-Face task, comparisons of a centrally presented and a laterally presented emotional face were required. Results were significant for the matching trials only. Reaction times to negative emotions were faster overall than to positive emotions, and an Emotional Valence by Visual Field interaction was found such that reaction times were faster for negative emotions in the left visual field and for positive emotions in the right visual field. This interaction was significant for the female but not the male subjects, although similar patterns were observed in both sexes. Further, an interaction of Gender, Task, and Emotional Valence was found, such that the two tasks had opposite effects for the two sexes. The Face-Face task appeared to inhibit the performance of the male subjects and facilitate the performance of the female subjects in terms of reaction time. It was suggested that specifying the target emotion by an emotional face elicits a greater emotional response on the part of the subject than specification by a word, and that this emotional elicitation may result in a reactive inhibition in the male subjects and in an elaboration of the emotional response in the female subjects.
A free-vision chimeric facial emotion judgment task and a tachistoscopic facerecognition reaction... more A free-vision chimeric facial emotion judgment task and a tachistoscopic facerecognition reaction time task were administered to 20 male right-handed subjects. The tachistoscopic task involved judgments of whether a poser in the centrally presented full-face photograph was the same or different poser than in a profile photograph presented in the left or right visual field (LVF, RVF). The free-vision task was that used by J. Levy, W. Heller, M. Banich, and L. Burton (1983, Brain and Cognition, 2, 404-419) and involved judging which of two chimeric faces appeared happier, in which the two chimeras were mirror images of each other and each chimera consisted of a smiling half-face joined at the midline to a neutral half-face of the same poser. For the tachistoscopic task, subjects were divided into groups of Fast and Slow responders by a median split of the mean reaction times. For the Fast subjects, judgments were faster in the LVF than in the RVF, and there was a significant interaction between visual field and profile direction, such that responses were faster for medially oriented profiles; i.e., LVF responses were faster for right-facing than for left-facing profiles, with the reverse relationship in the RVF. The Slow responders did not show these effects. Only the Fast group showed the bias for choosing the chimera with the smile on the left as happier, and mean response speed and the LVF advantage on the tachistoscopic test correlated with the leftward bias on the free-vision task for all subjects combined. It was suggested that overall response speed on the face-matching task reflected the extent to which specialized and more efficient right hemisphere functions were activated.
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 1983
oison, and of an anonymous reviewer on an earlier ver-tude (Geffen et al., 1 978; Levy & Reid, 1 ... more oison, and of an anonymous reviewer on an earlier ver-tude (Geffen et al., 1 978; Levy & Reid, 1 976, sion of this article were valuable in encouraging us to provide an adequate review of the relevant literature and -to clarify our concepts, assumptions, and arguments. We lighting deficiences in the earlier submission and for are also indebted to Joseph Hellige for referring us to the suggesting improvements. article, which supplied important em-Requests for reprints should be sent to Jerry Levy, pirical evidence to support our proposal that word-su-Department of Behavioral Sciences, 5848 South Uniperiority mechanisms are confined to the left hemi-versity Avenue, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois sphere. Special thanks are due William Epstein for high-60637.
Geometric line drawings were presented to normal subjects in the left visual field (LVF) or right... more Geometric line drawings were presented to normal subjects in the left visual field (LVF) or right visual field (RVF) at various degrees of rotation from a centrally presented vertical standard. The task of the subject was to indicate with a reaction time (RT) response whether the laterally presented stimulus could be rotated into the vertical standard or if it was a rotated mirror image of the standard. In Study 1, an overall right hemisphere superiority was found for RT and accuracy on match trials. Most interestingly, interactions between Visual Field and Rotation Angle for the match accuracy data and between Visual Field and Direction of Rotation (clockwise or counterclockwise) for the match RT slopes were found. These interactions suggested that clockwise rotations were more readily performed in the LVF and counterclockwise rotations in the RVF, consistent with other literature for mental rotation. The purpose of Study 2 was to replicate this finding of visual field differences for rotation direction using a design in which direction and degree of rotation were varied orthogonally. No main effect of Visual Field was found. However, significant interactions between Visual Field and Rotation Angle were found for both RT and accuracy, confirming the presence of visual field differences for rotation direction in a new sample of subjects. These differences were discussed in terms of the possibly greater relevance of medially directed stimuli and a possible hemispheric bias for rotation direction, and in terms of interhemispheric transmission factors. Q 1992 Academic PESS, Inc.
We have devised a new free-vision task to index functional cerebral asymmetry for processing faci... more We have devised a new free-vision task to index functional cerebral asymmetry for processing facial characteristics. Confirming its sensitivity to properties of lateralized hemispheric functions, left-and right-handers were clearly differentiated on this task with respect to several aspects of performance that conform with known differences between handedness groups in hemispheric asymmetry. Additionally, there were highly reliable and stable individual differences in perceptual asymmetries within handedness. Analyses of items in the task revealed that most of the differences between items in the asymmetries they elicited were random.
Evolutionary psychology : an international journal of evolutionary approaches to psychology and behavior, 2011
Smiling has been reported to be a signal of submission/lower status, or a sign of cooperation. In... more Smiling has been reported to be a signal of submission/lower status, or a sign of cooperation. In the present study, use of smiling and flirtation to "make people receptive to my ideas" was conceptualized as mild aggression, since it is mildly manipulative of the perception of others as to one's internal emotional status. For 91 participants (55 female, 36 male), use of smiling and flirtation to make others receptive to one's ideas were associated with relational aggression and a more male-typical (smaller) right 2D:4D finger length ratio. The only significant relationship in the male sample alone was the relationship between smiling and relational aggression. In the female sample alone, use of smiling and flirtation to "make people receptive to my ideas" was associated with a more male-typical 2D:4D finger length ratio pattern, and there was a trend for flirtation to be associated with greater physical aggression. Both 2D:4D and physical aggression have ...
A sample of 134 (93 female, 41 male) university students were evaluated with measures of relation... more A sample of 134 (93 female, 41 male) university students were evaluated with measures of relational and physical aggression, as well as measures of the five personality factors (NEO Five-Factor Inventory; Costa & McCrae, 1992), depression and anxiety (Beck Depression Inventory; ...
Http Dx Doi Org 10 1207 S15324826an0602_7, Jun 7, 2010
Eighteen epileptic patients with unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy (9 left, 9 right) were evaluat... more Eighteen epileptic patients with unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy (9 left, 9 right) were evaluated with a verbal memory task involving recall of 2 stories, 1 with affective content and 1 that was neutral. A trend for better performance by the group with intact left hemispheres was found for a quantitative score of number of story units recalled. For a qualitative score of number of symbolic distortions, a main effect of affective load was found, such that more distortions were made for the story with affective than neutral content. This effect remained significant when the left temporal lobe epilepsy patients were analyzed separately and was not found for the right temporal lobe epilepsy patients alone. Additional analyses for the subset of 5 patients with left and 6 patients with right temporal lobectomies involving removal of the hippocampus and amygdala were in the same direction as the analyses for all 18 participants. These findings are consistent with other reports of material-specific memory deficits, such that verbal memory deficits are associated with left temporal lobe epilepsy. The differences between performance on the affective and neutral stories for the left and right temporal lobe epilepsy patients are discussed and related to the role of the amygdala in affective processing.
Http Dx Doi Org 10 1207 S15324826an1003_03, Jun 7, 2010
There is much evidence that deficits in physical and psychological functioning persist long after... more There is much evidence that deficits in physical and psychological functioning persist long after traumatic brain injury occurs. This paper presents a brief outcome interview (BOI) that can be administered in person or over the telephone, with evaluation of change in functioning in three areas: (a). occupational status, (b). mobility/activities of daily living (ADL), and (c). social relationships. Forty-four traumatic brain injury participants were evaluated at an average of 6.2 years postinjury with the present BOI as well as with the Glasgow Outcome Scale and Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS). The BOI demonstrated strong concurrent validity with both scales, as well as strong test-retest reliability. IQ and memory scores obtained at an average of 4.1 months postinjury suggested that the injury was moderately severe. The average score on the GPS suggested "good recovery" and the average score on the KPS suggested "normal activity with effort, some signs or symptoms." These descriptions matched the BOI for the mobility/ADL dimension, for which all respondents reported some form of independent mobility, and 88.6% of the respondents reported no need for any kind of assistance in daily life functioning. However, significant long-term issues were seen for social and occupational functioning. Fifty-four percent said that they did not socialize as much as before their injury, and half of the participants reported not being involved in a romantic relationship in spite of an average age of 32 years. In terms of occupational status, 40.9% reported not working at all at any kind of job. Compared to before their injury, 47.7% said this was less time, 40.9% said that it was for a lower salary, and 54.5% said that their responsibilities were less. The stability of these social and occupational changes was indicated by high test-test reliabilities for the overall BOI score and the three subscale scores (r's ranged from.97 to 1.0). These stable long-term changes are consistent with some other studies and suggest that the social and occupational needs of this population warrant more attention.
Of 40 patients with cortical resections for epilepsy, three had focal suppression-burst (S-B) on ... more Of 40 patients with cortical resections for epilepsy, three had focal suppression-burst (S-B) on postresection intraoperative electrocorticography (ECoG). Eighteen to 24 months later, two patients were seizure-free and one had rare seizures. Follow-up neuropsychological testing and MRI did not reveal unexpected postoperative abnormalities. Follow-up scalp surface EEGs did not show S-B. Although S-B on postresection ECoG suggests severe localized cortical damage, this pattern near anterior temporal lobectomy resection margins was not associated with postoperative deficits.
ABSTRACT Twenty-one head injured patients were administered the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP) and... more ABSTRACT Twenty-one head injured patients were administered the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP) and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) at an average post-trauma time of 5.3 years. Wechsler IQ and Memory Quotient data were available for seventeen of these patients. The MMPI data replicated the Burton and Volpe (1988) finding of a pattern of elevation in the Depression, Psychopathic deviate, and Schizophrenia (2,4,8) scales, which reflects a "distress syndrome" and may be characteristic of head trauma patients.
... DOI: 10.1177/136140968800200402 1988 2: 151 Neurorehabil Neural Repair Leslie A. Burton and B... more ... DOI: 10.1177/136140968800200402 1988 2: 151 Neurorehabil Neural Repair Leslie A. Burton and Bruce T. Volpe Sex Differences in Emotional Status of Traumatically Brain-Injured Patients Published by: ... Page 2. 151 Sex Differences in Emotional Status of Traumatically ...
The frequency of occurrence of the Fuld profile for cholinergic deficiency was investigated in tw... more The frequency of occurrence of the Fuld profile for cholinergic deficiency was investigated in two clinical populations: inpatients who had suffered traumatic brain injury and outpatients who carried a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. The observed incidence of positive Fuld profiles was not significantly different in the two groups, 14% in the traumatic brain injury group and 24% in the Parkinson's disease group. These findings are consistent with recent reviews of the sensitivity and specificity of the Fuld profile in various clinical and nonclinical populations. The generally low sensitivity of the Fuld profile does not support its usefulness in the differential diagnosis of dementia. However, it may serve as an indicator of cholinergic deficiency, which could be used to select patients who would be likely to respond to cholinomimetic therapies.
Neuropsychology Development and Cognition Section a Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, Feb 1, 2010
A total of 91 university community participants were evaluated on the five personality factors (N... more A total of 91 university community participants were evaluated on the five personality factors (NEO-Five Factor Inventory; NEO-FFI) and with the Conners Continuous Performance Test (CPT). Gender differences for the Conners CPT variables were found such that the men were faster and less variable in their reaction times than the women, and the women were more sensitive in terms of signal detection and conservative in their responses than the men, consistent with the data reported by Conners, Epstein, Angold, and Klaric (2003) for a normative sample of 9-18 year olds. Interesting relationships between personality factors and the CPT variables were seen for the male and female groups, especially in terms of response style and vigilance. For the combined genders, higher vigilance was associated with higher neuroticism, lower extraversion, and lower agreeableness. Lower conscientiousness was associated with a more risk-taking/less conservative response bias. The men were more vigilant than the women, and for the men, this higher vigilance was related to lower conscientiousness, with trends for relationships with greater neuroticism and lower agreeableness. In the women, higher vigilance was related to lower extraversion, consistent with other studies. Men who were more extraverted also tended to be less conservative/more risk taking in their response style. A more risk-taking response style in women was associated with higher neuroticism, higher openness, and lower conscientiousness. The findings are interpreted in terms of underlying biological bases of behavior.
Two reaction time tasks were administered to male and female normal subjects, involving judgments... more Two reaction time tasks were administered to male and female normal subjects, involving judgments of facial emotion. In the Word-Face task, judgments of similarity or difference of a centrally presented emotion word and an emotional face presented in the left or right visual field were required, and in the Face-Face task, comparisons of a centrally presented and a laterally presented emotional face were required. Results were significant for the matching trials only. Reaction times to negative emotions were faster overall than to positive emotions, and an Emotional Valence by Visual Field interaction was found such that reaction times were faster for negative emotions in the left visual field and for positive emotions in the right visual field. This interaction was significant for the female but not the male subjects, although similar patterns were observed in both sexes. Further, an interaction of Gender, Task, and Emotional Valence was found, such that the two tasks had opposite effects for the two sexes. The Face-Face task appeared to inhibit the performance of the male subjects and facilitate the performance of the female subjects in terms of reaction time. It was suggested that specifying the target emotion by an emotional face elicits a greater emotional response on the part of the subject than specification by a word, and that this emotional elicitation may result in a reactive inhibition in the male subjects and in an elaboration of the emotional response in the female subjects.
A free-vision chimeric facial emotion judgment task and a tachistoscopic facerecognition reaction... more A free-vision chimeric facial emotion judgment task and a tachistoscopic facerecognition reaction time task were administered to 20 male right-handed subjects. The tachistoscopic task involved judgments of whether a poser in the centrally presented full-face photograph was the same or different poser than in a profile photograph presented in the left or right visual field (LVF, RVF). The free-vision task was that used by J. Levy, W. Heller, M. Banich, and L. Burton (1983, Brain and Cognition, 2, 404-419) and involved judging which of two chimeric faces appeared happier, in which the two chimeras were mirror images of each other and each chimera consisted of a smiling half-face joined at the midline to a neutral half-face of the same poser. For the tachistoscopic task, subjects were divided into groups of Fast and Slow responders by a median split of the mean reaction times. For the Fast subjects, judgments were faster in the LVF than in the RVF, and there was a significant interaction between visual field and profile direction, such that responses were faster for medially oriented profiles; i.e., LVF responses were faster for right-facing than for left-facing profiles, with the reverse relationship in the RVF. The Slow responders did not show these effects. Only the Fast group showed the bias for choosing the chimera with the smile on the left as happier, and mean response speed and the LVF advantage on the tachistoscopic test correlated with the leftward bias on the free-vision task for all subjects combined. It was suggested that overall response speed on the face-matching task reflected the extent to which specialized and more efficient right hemisphere functions were activated.
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 1983
oison, and of an anonymous reviewer on an earlier ver-tude (Geffen et al., 1 978; Levy & Reid, 1 ... more oison, and of an anonymous reviewer on an earlier ver-tude (Geffen et al., 1 978; Levy & Reid, 1 976, sion of this article were valuable in encouraging us to provide an adequate review of the relevant literature and -to clarify our concepts, assumptions, and arguments. We lighting deficiences in the earlier submission and for are also indebted to Joseph Hellige for referring us to the suggesting improvements. article, which supplied important em-Requests for reprints should be sent to Jerry Levy, pirical evidence to support our proposal that word-su-Department of Behavioral Sciences, 5848 South Uniperiority mechanisms are confined to the left hemi-versity Avenue, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois sphere. Special thanks are due William Epstein for high-60637.
Geometric line drawings were presented to normal subjects in the left visual field (LVF) or right... more Geometric line drawings were presented to normal subjects in the left visual field (LVF) or right visual field (RVF) at various degrees of rotation from a centrally presented vertical standard. The task of the subject was to indicate with a reaction time (RT) response whether the laterally presented stimulus could be rotated into the vertical standard or if it was a rotated mirror image of the standard. In Study 1, an overall right hemisphere superiority was found for RT and accuracy on match trials. Most interestingly, interactions between Visual Field and Rotation Angle for the match accuracy data and between Visual Field and Direction of Rotation (clockwise or counterclockwise) for the match RT slopes were found. These interactions suggested that clockwise rotations were more readily performed in the LVF and counterclockwise rotations in the RVF, consistent with other literature for mental rotation. The purpose of Study 2 was to replicate this finding of visual field differences for rotation direction using a design in which direction and degree of rotation were varied orthogonally. No main effect of Visual Field was found. However, significant interactions between Visual Field and Rotation Angle were found for both RT and accuracy, confirming the presence of visual field differences for rotation direction in a new sample of subjects. These differences were discussed in terms of the possibly greater relevance of medially directed stimuli and a possible hemispheric bias for rotation direction, and in terms of interhemispheric transmission factors. Q 1992 Academic PESS, Inc.
We have devised a new free-vision task to index functional cerebral asymmetry for processing faci... more We have devised a new free-vision task to index functional cerebral asymmetry for processing facial characteristics. Confirming its sensitivity to properties of lateralized hemispheric functions, left-and right-handers were clearly differentiated on this task with respect to several aspects of performance that conform with known differences between handedness groups in hemispheric asymmetry. Additionally, there were highly reliable and stable individual differences in perceptual asymmetries within handedness. Analyses of items in the task revealed that most of the differences between items in the asymmetries they elicited were random.
Evolutionary psychology : an international journal of evolutionary approaches to psychology and behavior, 2011
Smiling has been reported to be a signal of submission/lower status, or a sign of cooperation. In... more Smiling has been reported to be a signal of submission/lower status, or a sign of cooperation. In the present study, use of smiling and flirtation to "make people receptive to my ideas" was conceptualized as mild aggression, since it is mildly manipulative of the perception of others as to one's internal emotional status. For 91 participants (55 female, 36 male), use of smiling and flirtation to make others receptive to one's ideas were associated with relational aggression and a more male-typical (smaller) right 2D:4D finger length ratio. The only significant relationship in the male sample alone was the relationship between smiling and relational aggression. In the female sample alone, use of smiling and flirtation to "make people receptive to my ideas" was associated with a more male-typical 2D:4D finger length ratio pattern, and there was a trend for flirtation to be associated with greater physical aggression. Both 2D:4D and physical aggression have ...
A sample of 134 (93 female, 41 male) university students were evaluated with measures of relation... more A sample of 134 (93 female, 41 male) university students were evaluated with measures of relational and physical aggression, as well as measures of the five personality factors (NEO Five-Factor Inventory; Costa & McCrae, 1992), depression and anxiety (Beck Depression Inventory; ...
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Papers by Leslie Burton