A major fire occurred in the Baldwin Hills community of Los Angeles that resulted in the destruct... more A major fire occurred in the Baldwin Hills community of Los Angeles that resulted in the destruction of 50 homes. The life of this Black middle class community was seriously disrupted by this fire. Twenty-five victims of the fire were interviewed using a modified version of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule/Disaster Supplement and the Impact of Event Scale. Subjects reported on their emotional, psychosomatic, and physical health problems resulting from the fire. Additional information obtained by the interviewers included victims'' opinions of media coverage of the event, attribution of blame for its occurrence and perception of community disruption. This study supports previous findings that exposure to the event is significantly related to the number of post-traumatic stress symptoms as reported on the DIS/DS, and that depression symptoms, which were widespread, were correlated with the extent of loss.
This paper examines how concerns about school reform, environmental quality, and experiential lea... more This paper examines how concerns about school reform, environmental quality, and experiential learning have converged in Pacoima, California, an older community of 98,000 persons in the northeast San Fernando Valley. The area's environmentally compromised landscape has inspired a grassroots urban ecology movement, named Pacoima Beautiful, promoting environmental education, leadership development, and advocacy. Modeled on Dutch “science shops,” their research agenda on environmental quality of life is based upon concerns posed by community residents and carried out in partnership with local universities. Pacoima's environmentalists also collaborate with Project GRAD Los Angeles, a comprehensive initiative to improve student achievement in reading and math to increase the number of youth entering and succeeding in college. The initiative awards merit college scholarships, and require youth seeking them to attend two “institutes” during breaks to increase their skills and experience in reading, critical thinking, communication, and problem solving. An institute on science-based experiential learning engaged local high school students in collaborative research on environmental concerns, including hazardous waste, flooding, air quality, soil lead contamination, and environmental disease. Faculty from five area universities designed the research questions and outcomes for each study and college students served as mentors for the high school students as they implemented the projects. A resident was selected to serve as a recorder for each project and to relate what was learned to others in the community. Reflective activities, including discussion of alternative paths of action based upon the research, took place within the three constituencies: university students, high school students, and residents. Exposure to urban social knowledge, namely science and advocacy on behalf of environmental concerns, acted as a catalyst to raise the environmental awareness, community consciousness, and academic readiness of the youth. Involving university faculty and students, high school youth, and residents in collaborative partnerships was key to increasing social knowledge and social capital on behalf of revitalizing this community.
The aim of this study was to compare the oral health status of migrants to Japan with that of Jap... more The aim of this study was to compare the oral health status of migrants to Japan with that of Japanese using the questionnaire and the Oral Health Status Index (OHSI). Methods: The questionnaire for collecting demographic and behavioral variables and the OHSI were applied in a mixed migrant/Japanese sample of patients from a dental clinic in Yokohama. A sample of 224 subjects, 52% of whom were migrants, was selected from new patients. Results: The mean OHSI scores were 78.56 for migrants and 83.16 for Japanese (p 0.01). Multiple regression analysis of OHSI showed that the statistically significant contributors were: age, status (migrants / Japanese), reason for initial visit, perceived oral health, and flossing behavior. Conclusion: The oral health status of migrants was worse than that of Japanese even though they were younger than Japanese. The present public support system for foreign patients and their self-care behavior were considered to be the factors for the inequity in oral health status.
Professional Psychology-research and Practice, 2010
Disaster mental health is a burgeoning field with numerous opportunities for professional involve... more Disaster mental health is a burgeoning field with numerous opportunities for professional involvement in preparedness, response, and recovery efforts. Research is essential to advance professional understanding of risk and protective factors associated with disaster outcomes; to develop an evidence base for acute, intermediate, and long-term mental health approaches to address child, adult, family, and community disaster-related needs; and to inform policy and guide national and local disaster preparedness, response, and recovery programs. To address the continued need for research in this field, we created the Child & Family Disaster Research Training & Education (DRT) program, which is focused specifically on enhancing national capacity to conduct disaster mental health research related to children, a population particularly vulnerable to disaster trauma. This paper describes the structure and organization of the DRT program, reviews the training curriculum, discusses implementation and evaluation of the program, and reviews obstacles encountered in establishing the program. Finally, key lessons learned are reviewed for the purpose of guiding replication of the DRT model to address other areas of community mental health.
The concept of sustainability holds that the social, economic, and environmental factors within h... more The concept of sustainability holds that the social, economic, and environmental factors within human communities must be viewed interactively and systematically. Sustainable development cannot be understood apart from a community, its ethos, and ways of life. ...
Recent developments in alcoholism: an official …, 1984
This chapter reviews the literature on social networks in the alcohol field. The review focuses o... more This chapter reviews the literature on social networks in the alcohol field. The review focuses on the dynamics of the social-network system and network analysis. Stressors to recently urbanized persons are also examined in a discussion of social adaptation, social identity, and networks. The findings of several studies that are summarized indicate that there is a crisis in changing cultural styles and social values that develops after migration and resettlement. An aspect of this review suggests that social networks may be utilized as stress-buffering strategies in both a constructive and a destructive fashion during these periods of crisis. The author describes these networks as pathways to care and illustrates how they might play a significant role in alcoholism-treatment and recovery programs. Finally, the author concludes with some possible directions for future research on the systematic study of social bonds.
Out-of-pocket costs for U.S. dental care in 1996 were dollar 157 per person at the poverty level ... more Out-of-pocket costs for U.S. dental care in 1996 were dollar 157 per person at the poverty level and dollar 229 for people with higher incomes. This article examines out-of-pocket expenditures for dental care in HIV-infected patients who took part in the HIV Cost and Services Utilization Study (HCSUS), conducted by a consortium of private and government institutions centered at the RAND Corp. The HCSUS used a probability sampling design. The authors used a weighted sample of 2,466 HCSUS respondents to estimate the national population of HIV-infected users of medical care. The patients were asked to report how much they had spent on their dental care in the preceding 12 months, including payments made by them, their family or their friends--but not by insurance companies--for their dental care. In 1996, 135,000 HIV-infected subjects spent dollar 20.5 million on dental care, averaging dollar 152 per user. Whites spent dollar 220, African-Americans dollar 55 and Hispanics dollar 101. People receiving dental care from private dentists spent dollar 232 compared with dollar 7 spent by those who received care in AIDS clinics. More than one-half of the HIV-infected users of medical care identified private dentists as their source of dental care and spent the vast majority of the dollar 20.5 million. The remaining subjects identified public dental programs as their source of care and had low expenditures. The explanation for these low expenditures is the subsidization of public programs and the likelihood that fewer and less costly services are provided by such programs. Dentists should be aware of out-of-pocket funds spent by the HIV-infected population in private practices and public programs. Any policy change reducing public funding may result in higher out-of-pocket costs for disadvantaged groups or in increasing disparities in access to dental services.
Dental schools face challenges and competing needs when they seek to initiate or expand their com... more Dental schools face challenges and competing needs when they seek to initiate or expand their community dental programs. This article uses a dental school community clinic as a case study to frame the tensions between competing needs of educational requirements, access to dental care, financial viability, and service to the community that clinics must learn to manage if they are to be successful. The identification of competing needs provides community-oriented dental school clinics the ability to examine factors that come into play as communities and their environments change. The outcome of this assessment process is strategies that can facilitate the provision of a higher level of services more efficiently, while at the same time taking into account future limitations in availability of resources. The concluding section of this article presents a model for a community-based dental clinic that is directed more toward patient care, involves dentists/specialists as primary providers, allows postdoctoral residents to take on more responsibility, and allows dental students to provide patient care on a more regular and longitudinal basis.
A major fire occurred in the Baldwin Hills community of Los Angeles that resulted in the destruct... more A major fire occurred in the Baldwin Hills community of Los Angeles that resulted in the destruction of 50 homes. The life of this Black middle class community was seriously disrupted by this fire. Twenty-five victims of the fire were interviewed using a modified version of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule/Disaster Supplement and the Impact of Event Scale. Subjects reported on their emotional, psychosomatic, and physical health problems resulting from the fire. Additional information obtained by the interviewers included victims'' opinions of media coverage of the event, attribution of blame for its occurrence and perception of community disruption. This study supports previous findings that exposure to the event is significantly related to the number of post-traumatic stress symptoms as reported on the DIS/DS, and that depression symptoms, which were widespread, were correlated with the extent of loss.
This paper examines how concerns about school reform, environmental quality, and experiential lea... more This paper examines how concerns about school reform, environmental quality, and experiential learning have converged in Pacoima, California, an older community of 98,000 persons in the northeast San Fernando Valley. The area's environmentally compromised landscape has inspired a grassroots urban ecology movement, named Pacoima Beautiful, promoting environmental education, leadership development, and advocacy. Modeled on Dutch “science shops,” their research agenda on environmental quality of life is based upon concerns posed by community residents and carried out in partnership with local universities. Pacoima's environmentalists also collaborate with Project GRAD Los Angeles, a comprehensive initiative to improve student achievement in reading and math to increase the number of youth entering and succeeding in college. The initiative awards merit college scholarships, and require youth seeking them to attend two “institutes” during breaks to increase their skills and experience in reading, critical thinking, communication, and problem solving. An institute on science-based experiential learning engaged local high school students in collaborative research on environmental concerns, including hazardous waste, flooding, air quality, soil lead contamination, and environmental disease. Faculty from five area universities designed the research questions and outcomes for each study and college students served as mentors for the high school students as they implemented the projects. A resident was selected to serve as a recorder for each project and to relate what was learned to others in the community. Reflective activities, including discussion of alternative paths of action based upon the research, took place within the three constituencies: university students, high school students, and residents. Exposure to urban social knowledge, namely science and advocacy on behalf of environmental concerns, acted as a catalyst to raise the environmental awareness, community consciousness, and academic readiness of the youth. Involving university faculty and students, high school youth, and residents in collaborative partnerships was key to increasing social knowledge and social capital on behalf of revitalizing this community.
The aim of this study was to compare the oral health status of migrants to Japan with that of Jap... more The aim of this study was to compare the oral health status of migrants to Japan with that of Japanese using the questionnaire and the Oral Health Status Index (OHSI). Methods: The questionnaire for collecting demographic and behavioral variables and the OHSI were applied in a mixed migrant/Japanese sample of patients from a dental clinic in Yokohama. A sample of 224 subjects, 52% of whom were migrants, was selected from new patients. Results: The mean OHSI scores were 78.56 for migrants and 83.16 for Japanese (p 0.01). Multiple regression analysis of OHSI showed that the statistically significant contributors were: age, status (migrants / Japanese), reason for initial visit, perceived oral health, and flossing behavior. Conclusion: The oral health status of migrants was worse than that of Japanese even though they were younger than Japanese. The present public support system for foreign patients and their self-care behavior were considered to be the factors for the inequity in oral health status.
Professional Psychology-research and Practice, 2010
Disaster mental health is a burgeoning field with numerous opportunities for professional involve... more Disaster mental health is a burgeoning field with numerous opportunities for professional involvement in preparedness, response, and recovery efforts. Research is essential to advance professional understanding of risk and protective factors associated with disaster outcomes; to develop an evidence base for acute, intermediate, and long-term mental health approaches to address child, adult, family, and community disaster-related needs; and to inform policy and guide national and local disaster preparedness, response, and recovery programs. To address the continued need for research in this field, we created the Child & Family Disaster Research Training & Education (DRT) program, which is focused specifically on enhancing national capacity to conduct disaster mental health research related to children, a population particularly vulnerable to disaster trauma. This paper describes the structure and organization of the DRT program, reviews the training curriculum, discusses implementation and evaluation of the program, and reviews obstacles encountered in establishing the program. Finally, key lessons learned are reviewed for the purpose of guiding replication of the DRT model to address other areas of community mental health.
The concept of sustainability holds that the social, economic, and environmental factors within h... more The concept of sustainability holds that the social, economic, and environmental factors within human communities must be viewed interactively and systematically. Sustainable development cannot be understood apart from a community, its ethos, and ways of life. ...
Recent developments in alcoholism: an official …, 1984
This chapter reviews the literature on social networks in the alcohol field. The review focuses o... more This chapter reviews the literature on social networks in the alcohol field. The review focuses on the dynamics of the social-network system and network analysis. Stressors to recently urbanized persons are also examined in a discussion of social adaptation, social identity, and networks. The findings of several studies that are summarized indicate that there is a crisis in changing cultural styles and social values that develops after migration and resettlement. An aspect of this review suggests that social networks may be utilized as stress-buffering strategies in both a constructive and a destructive fashion during these periods of crisis. The author describes these networks as pathways to care and illustrates how they might play a significant role in alcoholism-treatment and recovery programs. Finally, the author concludes with some possible directions for future research on the systematic study of social bonds.
Out-of-pocket costs for U.S. dental care in 1996 were dollar 157 per person at the poverty level ... more Out-of-pocket costs for U.S. dental care in 1996 were dollar 157 per person at the poverty level and dollar 229 for people with higher incomes. This article examines out-of-pocket expenditures for dental care in HIV-infected patients who took part in the HIV Cost and Services Utilization Study (HCSUS), conducted by a consortium of private and government institutions centered at the RAND Corp. The HCSUS used a probability sampling design. The authors used a weighted sample of 2,466 HCSUS respondents to estimate the national population of HIV-infected users of medical care. The patients were asked to report how much they had spent on their dental care in the preceding 12 months, including payments made by them, their family or their friends--but not by insurance companies--for their dental care. In 1996, 135,000 HIV-infected subjects spent dollar 20.5 million on dental care, averaging dollar 152 per user. Whites spent dollar 220, African-Americans dollar 55 and Hispanics dollar 101. People receiving dental care from private dentists spent dollar 232 compared with dollar 7 spent by those who received care in AIDS clinics. More than one-half of the HIV-infected users of medical care identified private dentists as their source of dental care and spent the vast majority of the dollar 20.5 million. The remaining subjects identified public dental programs as their source of care and had low expenditures. The explanation for these low expenditures is the subsidization of public programs and the likelihood that fewer and less costly services are provided by such programs. Dentists should be aware of out-of-pocket funds spent by the HIV-infected population in private practices and public programs. Any policy change reducing public funding may result in higher out-of-pocket costs for disadvantaged groups or in increasing disparities in access to dental services.
Dental schools face challenges and competing needs when they seek to initiate or expand their com... more Dental schools face challenges and competing needs when they seek to initiate or expand their community dental programs. This article uses a dental school community clinic as a case study to frame the tensions between competing needs of educational requirements, access to dental care, financial viability, and service to the community that clinics must learn to manage if they are to be successful. The identification of competing needs provides community-oriented dental school clinics the ability to examine factors that come into play as communities and their environments change. The outcome of this assessment process is strategies that can facilitate the provision of a higher level of services more efficiently, while at the same time taking into account future limitations in availability of resources. The concluding section of this article presents a model for a community-based dental clinic that is directed more toward patient care, involves dentists/specialists as primary providers, allows postdoctoral residents to take on more responsibility, and allows dental students to provide patient care on a more regular and longitudinal basis.
Uploads
Papers by Carl Maida