Previous studies suggest that optimal reading speed is unaffected by cataract, yet is significant... more Previous studies suggest that optimal reading speed is unaffected by cataract, yet is significantly reduced in agerelated macular degeneration (ARMD ). This raises the question of whether a reading speed test could be developed to assess potential vision after cataract surgery. METHODS. Nineteen subjects with cataract, 15 with ARMD, and 13 control subjects with normal, healthy eyes read Bailey-Lovie word charts aloud, and subsequently, critical print size and optimal reading speed were calculated. Measurements were also taken with the charts in reversed-contrast polarity and after pupillary dilation. RESULTS. Although the subjects with cataract had reduced word acuity and increased critical print size, optimal reading speed was similar to that of the control group at a mean of approximately 100 wpm. Optimal reading speed in the subjects with ARMD was substantially worse (mean of 39 wpm). Reversing the contrast polarity of the charts slightly increased the word acuity and optimal reading speed of the subjects with cataract. CONCLUSIONS. The results suggest that optimal reading speed would be useful as a potential-vision test. The proposed test would use text size of at least 1.32°(1.2 log minimum angle of resolution [logMAR]), and pupil dilation would be unnecessary. A reading test with black letters on a white background would be adequate, because charts with reversed-contrast polarity made minimal difference in reading speed. (Invest Oph-
Previous studies suggest that optimal reading speed is unaffected by cataract, yet is signi®cantl... more Previous studies suggest that optimal reading speed is unaffected by cataract, yet is signi®cantly reduced in age-related macular disease. This raises the question of whether a reading speed test could be developed to assess potential vision after cataract surgery. In this study, 20 young subjects, with and without a simulation of dense cataract, read aloud Bailey-Lovie word charts. From the results, critical print size, optimal reading speed and word acuity were calculated. The simulated cataract reduced word acuity and increased the critical print size, yet optimal reading speed remained unchanged. Measurements were also taken with the charts in reversed contrast polarity. Reversing the contrast polarity of the charts improved the word acuity and optimal reading speed with the cataract simulation. The results suggest that optimal reading speed could be used as a potential vision test. Further investigations using patients with cataract and ARMD are required. q
To determine why the reading addition increases after the age of 55 to 60 years when accommodatio... more To determine why the reading addition increases after the age of 55 to 60 years when accommodation is zero. Distance and near visual acuities, arm length, habitual near working distance, reading addition, and pupil diameter were measured in 44 subjects aged >60 years (mean, 72.9 +/- 5.7). Reading addition values were attained using three techniques: least-plus addition using both N-notation text and MN-READ text and the cross-cylinder technique. The mean dioptric working distance was 2.75 +/- 0.40 D. The reading addition found using N-notation text (+2.21 +/- 0.38 D) was significantly lower than that measured using MN-READ text (+2.48 +/- 0.49 D) or the cross-cylinder method (+2.53 +/- 0.44 D). The reading addition was positively correlated with the dioptric working distance (r = 0.47, p < 0.01), and decreasing habitual working distance was associated with poorer visual acuity (r = -0.42, p < 0.01). Our results suggest that decreases in near visual acuity after 60 years of age lead to a reduction in habitual working distance, which increases text angular subtense. In turn, the reduced working distance requires a greater reading addition. Increases in depth of field associated with both suprathreshold text (N-notation) and lower visual acuity lead to reading additions being less than the dioptric working distance.
This study examines the validity and reliability of a reading speed test as a measure of potentia... more This study examines the validity and reliability of a reading speed test as a measure of potential central vision. Reading speed was calculated in words per minute (wpm) from the time taken to read 30 words of 1.20 logMAR size text. Scores were obtained from subjects with cataract (n = 48), macular disease (n = 35), peripheral vision loss (n = 14) and normal eyes (n = 10). Subjects with macular disease (27.0 ± 13.2 wpm) read much slower than subjects with cataract (91.9 ± 13.6 wpm). Little difference was found between subjects with cataract, peripheral vision loss (91.5 ± 14.7 wpm) and normal eyes (103.8 ± 15.5 wpm). Repeat testing gave values within ± 16% of reading speed. These results suggest that a reading speed test using large text could be useful as a potential central vision test in cataract patients.
Journal of The American Society of Echocardiography, 2004
Background: Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) is an integral therapeutic component of patients w... more Background: Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) is an integral therapeutic component of patients with heart failure and shock. We hypothesized that the ratio of the peak mitral regurgitant velocity (MRV) (m/s) to left ventricular outflow time-velocity integral (TVI LVOT ) (cm) by Doppler would provide a noninvasive correlate of SVR. Methods: SVR was correlated to MRV/TVI LVOT in 33 patients undergoing right heart catheterization. Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated to determine the best-balanced sensitivity and specificity to identify SVR > 14 Wood units (WU) and <10 WU.
Previous studies suggest that optimal reading speed is unaffected by cataract, yet is significant... more Previous studies suggest that optimal reading speed is unaffected by cataract, yet is significantly reduced in agerelated macular degeneration (ARMD ). This raises the question of whether a reading speed test could be developed to assess potential vision after cataract surgery. METHODS. Nineteen subjects with cataract, 15 with ARMD, and 13 control subjects with normal, healthy eyes read Bailey-Lovie word charts aloud, and subsequently, critical print size and optimal reading speed were calculated. Measurements were also taken with the charts in reversed-contrast polarity and after pupillary dilation. RESULTS. Although the subjects with cataract had reduced word acuity and increased critical print size, optimal reading speed was similar to that of the control group at a mean of approximately 100 wpm. Optimal reading speed in the subjects with ARMD was substantially worse (mean of 39 wpm). Reversing the contrast polarity of the charts slightly increased the word acuity and optimal reading speed of the subjects with cataract. CONCLUSIONS. The results suggest that optimal reading speed would be useful as a potential-vision test. The proposed test would use text size of at least 1.32°(1.2 log minimum angle of resolution [logMAR]), and pupil dilation would be unnecessary. A reading test with black letters on a white background would be adequate, because charts with reversed-contrast polarity made minimal difference in reading speed. (Invest Oph-
Previous studies suggest that optimal reading speed is unaffected by cataract, yet is signi®cantl... more Previous studies suggest that optimal reading speed is unaffected by cataract, yet is signi®cantly reduced in age-related macular disease. This raises the question of whether a reading speed test could be developed to assess potential vision after cataract surgery. In this study, 20 young subjects, with and without a simulation of dense cataract, read aloud Bailey-Lovie word charts. From the results, critical print size, optimal reading speed and word acuity were calculated. The simulated cataract reduced word acuity and increased the critical print size, yet optimal reading speed remained unchanged. Measurements were also taken with the charts in reversed contrast polarity. Reversing the contrast polarity of the charts improved the word acuity and optimal reading speed with the cataract simulation. The results suggest that optimal reading speed could be used as a potential vision test. Further investigations using patients with cataract and ARMD are required. q
To determine why the reading addition increases after the age of 55 to 60 years when accommodatio... more To determine why the reading addition increases after the age of 55 to 60 years when accommodation is zero. Distance and near visual acuities, arm length, habitual near working distance, reading addition, and pupil diameter were measured in 44 subjects aged &amp;amp;gt;60 years (mean, 72.9 +/- 5.7). Reading addition values were attained using three techniques: least-plus addition using both N-notation text and MN-READ text and the cross-cylinder technique. The mean dioptric working distance was 2.75 +/- 0.40 D. The reading addition found using N-notation text (+2.21 +/- 0.38 D) was significantly lower than that measured using MN-READ text (+2.48 +/- 0.49 D) or the cross-cylinder method (+2.53 +/- 0.44 D). The reading addition was positively correlated with the dioptric working distance (r = 0.47, p &amp;amp;lt; 0.01), and decreasing habitual working distance was associated with poorer visual acuity (r = -0.42, p &amp;amp;lt; 0.01). Our results suggest that decreases in near visual acuity after 60 years of age lead to a reduction in habitual working distance, which increases text angular subtense. In turn, the reduced working distance requires a greater reading addition. Increases in depth of field associated with both suprathreshold text (N-notation) and lower visual acuity lead to reading additions being less than the dioptric working distance.
This study examines the validity and reliability of a reading speed test as a measure of potentia... more This study examines the validity and reliability of a reading speed test as a measure of potential central vision. Reading speed was calculated in words per minute (wpm) from the time taken to read 30 words of 1.20 logMAR size text. Scores were obtained from subjects with cataract (n = 48), macular disease (n = 35), peripheral vision loss (n = 14) and normal eyes (n = 10). Subjects with macular disease (27.0 ± 13.2 wpm) read much slower than subjects with cataract (91.9 ± 13.6 wpm). Little difference was found between subjects with cataract, peripheral vision loss (91.5 ± 14.7 wpm) and normal eyes (103.8 ± 15.5 wpm). Repeat testing gave values within ± 16% of reading speed. These results suggest that a reading speed test using large text could be useful as a potential central vision test in cataract patients.
Journal of The American Society of Echocardiography, 2004
Background: Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) is an integral therapeutic component of patients w... more Background: Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) is an integral therapeutic component of patients with heart failure and shock. We hypothesized that the ratio of the peak mitral regurgitant velocity (MRV) (m/s) to left ventricular outflow time-velocity integral (TVI LVOT ) (cm) by Doppler would provide a noninvasive correlate of SVR. Methods: SVR was correlated to MRV/TVI LVOT in 33 patients undergoing right heart catheterization. Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated to determine the best-balanced sensitivity and specificity to identify SVR > 14 Wood units (WU) and <10 WU.
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