Books by Victoria C Valdebenito
This book covers the results of an investigation whose main objective was to understand the relat... more This book covers the results of an investigation whose main objective was to understand the relationship of children who lived through the stage of oncological palliative care, their families and the clinical health team, with the clowns of an organization that is part of this team, and understand the role they play in an Oncology Unit and PINDA center in Santiago de Chile. The study arises from the need to develop a training program for clowns who work specifically in the area of palliative care. The case study is a clown organization, which has been working in a public hospital in a commune of low socioeconomic status in the southern part of the country's capital for more than a decade.
With a qualitative approach, an emergent, cross-sectional and non-experimental design, and strict ethical considerations, data were collected between December 2019 and December 2020. The data collection techniques used were, firstly, in-depth interviews with three types of participants: mothers of children who have undergone palliative care, healthcare and medical personnel, and professional clowns from the organization in question. In total, 36 participants were interviewed. In addition, drawings and photographs were collected as documents, and discussion groups were held for each conglomerate (mothers, clinical team, and clowns) to deepen aspects revealed in the analysis of the interviews. The transcripts of interviews and discussion groups and the documents were analyzed in a first stage separately and then a process of triangulation of the data from different sources and from the different perspectives on the object of study was carried out. An interpretivist paradigm guided the empirical component of the research, through the techniques of discourse analysis and grounded theory, to then make them argue with the most current theories and research. The results are arranged in emerging themes related to positive effects on well-being and quality of life, especially due to emotional validation and regulation, the humanized health care that the figure of the clown provides in this context, the clown as a mediator in a transition period, friendship ties with children and the inclusion of these as family members, the complementarity of this with traditional treatments, the protection that makes the rights to life of hospitalized children, enjoyment, death and dying well in public hospitals, among others. All this from the conformation of a triad, that is to say, of a group of three beings that have a particular bond.
Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2020
Education systems and universities around the world are currently seeking to strengthen their com... more Education systems and universities around the world are currently seeking to strengthen their competitive positioning in today’s global knowledge era through curriculum policy transformations. These are taking place as a result of ideological shifts and policy flows, as well as networks between global and local levels, leading to radical university changes in curricula.
Chile is no exception to this general trend. Here, universities are particularly aiming to address the challenges presented by globalization, internationalization and the global knowledge society. A major associated strategy involves the production and enactment of what is termed a ‘21st century curriculum policy’, which refers to a curriculum that promotes the acquisition of such higher-order skills as creative and critical thinking, collaboration and problem-solving skills.
The book details associated international influences in this regard, and presents a detailed exposition of how some universities in Chile have been addressing the challenges they face. Adopting a policy trajectory framework focused on four main contexts of policy processes (namely, policy influences, policy text production, policy enactment and longer-term policy outcomes), it focuses on case studies of three universities.
The major informing concepts considered include neo-liberalism, nationalism, competing educational perspectives, powerful knowledge actors, high-stakes testing, equity, and social justice, among others. ‘Food for thought’ is provided for policy makers, curriculum developers and teachers not only in Chile, but also internationally.
Tendencias de la educación y la formación en la sociedad del conocimiento, 2020
Ubicado en un contexto de globalización acelerada,
sociedad del conocimiento y la emergencia de u... more Ubicado en un contexto de globalización acelerada,
sociedad del conocimiento y la emergencia de un
movimiento social en el 2019 que apunta a enormes
desigualdades en Chile, el objetivo de este trabajo se centra
en las políticas de calidad y equidad desarrolladas en la
última década en las nueve universidades tradicionales y
privadas de la Región de Valparaíso. Este paper, sección de
una investigación mayor, corresponde al análisis del
contexto de resultados de políticas a largo plazo, realizando
una medición cuantitativa de indicadores de equidad:
puntajes de ingreso, matrícula, tasa de retención, tasa de
169
titulación y existencia de programas remediales. Junto con
esto, se presenta una discusión basada en literatura para
entender cómo las políticas de esas universidades se
relacionan con tendencias globales más amplias en
educación superior. Entre los principales resultados
destacan las diferencias en puntajes PSU y NEM entre
universidades tradicionales y privadas, el crecimiento en
matrícula, especialmente de estudiantes del sistema
escolar municipal en universidades nuevas-privadas, las
mejoras en indicadores de retención, titulación y programas
remediales, pero considerando los desafíos que aún tienen
las instituciones privadas al respecto. En conclusión, ha
habido avances, pero aun falta mucho por hacer en la
construcción de equidad.
Located within in the context of accelerating globalisation in the 21st century knowledge society... more Located within in the context of accelerating globalisation in the 21st century knowledge society, the primary focuses of the study presented in this book are three universities in Chile at which radical curriculum policy changes have been taking place over the last decade. The aim of the study was to analyse associated policies and practices in the universities undergoing radical curriculum changes in Chile from the perspective of participants. University curriculum transformations are moving to a centre stage in the higher education reform agendas of many countries, as they strive to strengthen their positioning in a competitive global knowledge society. Consequently, development of quality university curricula to attract the ‘best and brightest’ students in a mobile world has become a significant feature. These international trends are underway in universities in Chile, although specific curriculum transformations are shaped within the unique contexts of localised Chilean settings. A number of the nation’s universities are prominent in their engagement with curriculum policies which resonate strongly with those in Europe and the United States. International reforms, such as the Bologna Agreement, have also posed challenges for higher education in Chile. Rising to these challenges requires a strong evidence base to support curriculum policy development in Chile universities in a competitive knowledge era. Using a ‘policy trajectory’ framework, and guided by the interpretivist approach to research, interview transcripts and documents were analysed in relation to the macro (national), the meso (university administration) and the micro (academics) level. In total, 33 participants were included. A further analysis guided by both a grounded theory and a critical theory approach was then undertaken to reveal ‘bigger picture’ issues related to curriculum transformations in Chile. The research results consist of several major themes in each of the four contexts of the ‘policy trajectory’. Regarding the context of influences and the context of policy text production, themes relate to hegemony exercised by universities in first world countries and international organisation such as the OECD in the higher education field, the effects of globalisation and its associated neoliberal ideology in universities in Chile, and the local responses to those pressures. Regarding the context of policy practices and effects (enactment) themes emerged around the impacts of the curriculum changes on university staff and on student. Finally, regarding the context of longer-term policy outcomes themes relate to issues around the notions of quality, equity and social justice. The book concludes with a number of recommendations that potentially provide ‘food for thought’ beyond the localised settings of this study, as well as possibilities for further research.
Papers by Victoria C Valdebenito
International Journal of Prison Health , 2024
Purpose – While our understanding of mental health and well-being is continually evolving, certai... more Purpose – While our understanding of mental health and well-being is continually evolving, certain populations such as individuals deprived of liberty remain understudied and stigmatized. Despite ongoing research in various countries, mental health exploration in Chile lags behind nations like the United States. Recognizing this gap, our study aims to address this disparity by analyzing subjective well-being and mental health levels within a Chilean prison setting in the post pandemic context.
Design/methodology/approach – Design was non-experimental, cross-sectional, descriptive and relational, using quantitative techniques. Data was collected using Ryff and brief DASS-21 scales, into three different sections of the studied prison. In total, 97 people participated. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis.
Findings – Levels of subjective well-being range from mild to low, with best scores in environmental mastery and the worst in autonomy. Women obtained best scores on purpose in life and positive relations with others. Mental health levels measured in terms of anxiety, depression and stress showed the worst levels in males. A positive correlation was observed between mental health and substance use, and between mental health and violence.
Originality/ value – This study contributes to our understanding on the intricate interplay between subjective well-being, mental health, and various factors within the prison environment, offering valuable insights for targeted interventions and policy considerations.
Keywords Prisoners, Mental health, Subjective Well-being, Depression, Anxiety, Stress, Chile.
Paper type Research paper. Empirical, scientific or clinical research.
International Journal of Integrated Care
Rivista Italiana di Studi sull’Umorismo, 2024
The present paper aims at describing the current state of healthcare clown organizations in Latin... more The present paper aims at describing the current state of healthcare clown organizations in Latin America, in comparison with organizations in other latitudes. To articulate this paper, a review of online papers available in databases such as WoS, Scopus, and Springer, was used to gather information, with keywords such as healthcare clown and hospital clown in Spanish. Moreover, online research in websites of healthcare clown organizations was included. Analysis indicates that there are still a lot of challenges for professional organizations in the region. Socioeconomic characteristics of Latin America countries translate into challenges for healthcare clown organizations, such as training and fundraising, and more research is urgently needed.
International Journal of Health Sciences, 2023
There is a scarcity of studies around dating violence, possibly due to the difficulty among young... more There is a scarcity of studies around dating violence, possibly due to the difficulty among young people to identify that they are victims of abuse. Young people who tend to normalize these practices are more at risk of facing greater physical and/or sexual abuse in the future. Recently, there has been an increase in violence rates, so it is necessary to explore factors that predispose to the development of violence in young couples in order to prevent it. In the present work, the CADRI questionnaire was used amongst university and technical training students, to investigate levels of sexual, relational, verbal-emotional, physical and threatening violence, in 294 young people between 18 and 30 years of age. Based on the results, it can be concluded that there is dating violence in both men and women, with women being the most perpetrators of verbal-relational violence and men of sexual violence. In all variables of received violence, women exhibited higher scores. A difference was observed in the levels of violence depending on age, duration of the relationship and young people's educational level.
Background The COVID-19 pandemic forced measurement such as confinement. This article presents re... more Background The COVID-19 pandemic forced measurement such as confinement. This article presents results of online clown workshops developed during confinement between October 2020 and August 2021 with children and adolescents of low socioeconomic status in Chile, which main aim was to promote children and adolescents’ quality of life. Methods Using a quantitative approach, a quasi-experimental design of a single group and a pre-posttest design, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and the KINDL-r Questionnaire revised version were used. One hundred and twenty-three caregivers responded the pretest, and 73 the posttest. Results Results revealed that 28% of participants improved their self-esteem, 26% significantly increased their physical and emotional well-being, 18% improved their family well-being, and 16% the well-being associated with friends. Conclusion These positive findings are consistent with literature about effects of clowns working in healthcare settings. However,...
International Journal of Health Sciences, 2023
The COVID-19 pandemic forced measurement such as confinement. This article presents results of on... more The COVID-19 pandemic forced measurement such as confinement. This article presents results of online clown workshops developed during confinement between October 2020 and August 2021 with children and adolescents of low socioeconomic status in Chile, which main aim was to promote children and adolescents' quality of life. Methods: Using a quantitative approach, a quasi-experimental design of a single group and a preposttest design, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and the KINDL-r Questionnaire revised version were used. One hundred and twenty-three caregivers responded the pretest, and 73 the posttest. Results: Results revealed that 28% of participants improved their selfesteem, 26% significantly increased their physical and emotional wellbeing, 18% improved their family well-being, and 16% the well-being associated with friends. Conclusion: These positive findings are consistent with literature about effects of clowns working in healthcare settings. However, more research is needed in other contexts.
International Journal of Integrated Care, Dec 1, 2022
cidpa.cl
... En concordancia, se buscó autores que partieran desde este tipo de miradas, tales como Claudi... more ... En concordancia, se buscó autores que partieran desde este tipo de miradas, tales como Claudio Duarte, Rossana Re-guillo, la francesa Dominique Meda y Margaret Mead, quienes sirvieron para definir las tendencias de las culturas juveniles en la actualidad. ...
International Journal of Integrated Care, 2022
Cambrdige Scholars Publishing, Jul 17, 2020
Located within in the context of accelerating globalisation in the 21st century knowledge society... more Located within in the context of accelerating globalisation in the 21st century knowledge society, the primary focuses of the study presented in this book are three universities in Chile at which radical curriculum policy changes have been taking place over the last decade. The aim of the study was to analyse associated policies and practices in the universities undergoing radical curriculum changes in Chile from the perspective of participants. University curriculum transformations are moving to a centre stage in the higher education reform agendas of many countries, as they strive to strengthen their positioning in a competitive global knowledge society. Consequently, development of quality university curricula to attract the ‘best and brightest’ students in a mobile world has become a significant feature. These international trends are underway in universities in Chile, although specific curriculum transformations are shaped within the unique contexts of localised Chilean settings. A number of the nation’s universities are prominent in their engagement with curriculum policies which resonate strongly with those in Europe and the United States. International reforms, such as the Bologna Agreement, have also posed challenges for higher education in Chile. Rising to these challenges requires a strong evidence base to support curriculum policy development in Chile universities in a competitive knowledge era. Using a ‘policy trajectory’ framework, and guided by the interpretivist approach to research, interview transcripts and documents were analysed in relation to the macro (national), the meso (university administration) and the micro (academics) level. In total, 33 participants were included. A further analysis guided by both a grounded theory and a critical theory approach was then undertaken to reveal ‘bigger picture’ issues related to curriculum transformations in Chile. The research results consist of several major themes in each of the four contexts of the ‘policy trajectory’. Regarding the context of influences and the context of policy text production, themes relate to hegemony exercised by universities in first world countries and international organisation such as the OECD in the higher education field, the effects of globalisation and its associated neoliberal ideology in universities in Chile, and the local responses to those pressures. Regarding the context of policy practices and effects (enactment) themes emerged around the impacts of the curriculum changes on university staff and on student. Finally, regarding the context of longer-term policy outcomes themes relate to issues around the notions of quality, equity and social justice. The book concludes with a number of recommendations that potentially provide ‘food for thought’ beyond the localised settings of this study, as well as possibilities for further research.
Medicina Paliativa, 2021
Este es un archivo PDF de un manuscrito inédito que ha sido aceptado para su publicación en Medic... more Este es un archivo PDF de un manuscrito inédito que ha sido aceptado para su publicación en Medicina Paliativa. Como un servicio a nuestros clientes estamos proporcionando esta primera versión del manuscrito en estado de prepublicación. El manuscrito será sometido a la corrección de estilo final, composición y revisión de la prueba resultante antes de que se publique en su forma final. Tenga en cuenta que durante el proceso de producción se pueden dar errores, lo que podría afectar el contenido final. El copyright y todos los derechos legales que se aplican al artículo pertenecen a Medicina Paliativa.
Located within the context of accelerating globalization in the 21st-century knowledge society, t... more Located within the context of accelerating globalization in the 21st-century knowledge society, this paper focuses on one selected university in Chile at which radical curriculum policy changes have been taking place, diverging from the traditional curriculum in Chile at the undergraduate level as a section of a larger investigation. Using a ‘policy trajectory’ framework, and guided by the interpretivist approach to research, interview transcripts and institutional documents were analyzed in relation to the meso (university administration) and the micro (academics) level. Inside the case study, participants from the university administration and academic levels were selected both via snow-ball technique and purposive selection, thus they had different levels of seniority, with some participating actively in the curriculum reform processes. Guided by an interpretivist approach to research, documents and interview transcripts were analyzed to reveal major themes emerging from the data...
Acta bioethica, 2021
Resumen: La presente es una síntesis de resultados de una investigación mayor, cuyo objetivo prin... more Resumen: La presente es una síntesis de resultados de una investigación mayor, cuyo objetivo principal fue conocer las perspectivas
de familias y equipo de salud respecto de la presencia de clowns de hospital trabajando en cuidados paliativos pediátricos en una
unidad en Chile. Guiado por un paradigma interpretativo, estrictos criterios de calidad y éticos, la metodología utilizada fue de
tipo cualitativo, aplicando las técnicas de recolección de datos de entrevistas en profundidad, análisis de documentos y grupos
de discusión. La sección de datos sobre el equipo aquí presentados, se analizó a través de las técnicas análisis de contenido y
análisis crítico del discurso. Los resultados indican que la figura del clown es percibida como un mediador y valorada como
terapia complementaria, especialmente por las competencias socioemocionales de esos profesionales y el juego que se utiliza
como herramienta de intervención. Las conclusiones señalan que las competencias socioemocionales que promueve el clown de
hospital son fundamentales para el trabajo en cuidados paliativos.
Medicina Paliativa, 2021
Objetivo: El objetivo de esta investigación es comprender las percepciones de las familias acerca... more Objetivo: El objetivo de esta investigación es comprender las percepciones de las familias acerca de los efectos de clowns de hospital en la calidad de vida de niños y familias en una Unidad de Cuidados Paliativos Pediátricos Oncológicos de un hospital público chileno.
Método: Bajo un diseño de tipo cualitativo, emergente, transversal y estrictas consideraciones éticas, utilizamos la técnica entrevistas en profundidad y grupo de discusión. Dieciséis madres que pasaron por la experiencia de cuidados paliativos con sus hijos fueron entrevistadas usando un guion en base a seis dimensiones calidad de vida: percepción sobre actividad física y salud, estado psicológico, autoestima, familia, amistades y escuela. Además, se efectuó un grupo de discusión con las madres para consolidar lo social de los temas del análisis de las entrevistas. Las transcripciones y los documentos se analizaron primero por separado y luego se realizó un proceso de triangulación de datos. Un paradigma interpretivista guía el análisis, a través de las técnicas teoría fundamentada y análisis del discurso.
Resultados: Los discursos de las participantes revelan que la presencia de clowns produce efectos psicológicos en la regulación emocional, además de ser un mecanismo para sobrellevar tanto los periodos de cuidados paliativos y como los de después del fallecimiento al establecer vínculos “familiares” con los clowns. Asimismo, tanto los clowns como el espacio que estos ocupan en el hospital inciden en la construcción de comunidad en este contexto sanitario, aspecto de suma relevancia en para las familias en el cuidado provisto.
Conclusiones: La presencia de clowns incide especialmente en dos de las seis dimensiones de calidad de vida, el estado psicológico y las relaciones familiares, siendo además de suma relevancia en este contexto para entregar cuidado humanizado, contribuyendo a sobrellevar la situación a las madres durante los cuidados paliativos y tras el fallecimiento de sus hijos.
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Books by Victoria C Valdebenito
With a qualitative approach, an emergent, cross-sectional and non-experimental design, and strict ethical considerations, data were collected between December 2019 and December 2020. The data collection techniques used were, firstly, in-depth interviews with three types of participants: mothers of children who have undergone palliative care, healthcare and medical personnel, and professional clowns from the organization in question. In total, 36 participants were interviewed. In addition, drawings and photographs were collected as documents, and discussion groups were held for each conglomerate (mothers, clinical team, and clowns) to deepen aspects revealed in the analysis of the interviews. The transcripts of interviews and discussion groups and the documents were analyzed in a first stage separately and then a process of triangulation of the data from different sources and from the different perspectives on the object of study was carried out. An interpretivist paradigm guided the empirical component of the research, through the techniques of discourse analysis and grounded theory, to then make them argue with the most current theories and research. The results are arranged in emerging themes related to positive effects on well-being and quality of life, especially due to emotional validation and regulation, the humanized health care that the figure of the clown provides in this context, the clown as a mediator in a transition period, friendship ties with children and the inclusion of these as family members, the complementarity of this with traditional treatments, the protection that makes the rights to life of hospitalized children, enjoyment, death and dying well in public hospitals, among others. All this from the conformation of a triad, that is to say, of a group of three beings that have a particular bond.
Chile is no exception to this general trend. Here, universities are particularly aiming to address the challenges presented by globalization, internationalization and the global knowledge society. A major associated strategy involves the production and enactment of what is termed a ‘21st century curriculum policy’, which refers to a curriculum that promotes the acquisition of such higher-order skills as creative and critical thinking, collaboration and problem-solving skills.
The book details associated international influences in this regard, and presents a detailed exposition of how some universities in Chile have been addressing the challenges they face. Adopting a policy trajectory framework focused on four main contexts of policy processes (namely, policy influences, policy text production, policy enactment and longer-term policy outcomes), it focuses on case studies of three universities.
The major informing concepts considered include neo-liberalism, nationalism, competing educational perspectives, powerful knowledge actors, high-stakes testing, equity, and social justice, among others. ‘Food for thought’ is provided for policy makers, curriculum developers and teachers not only in Chile, but also internationally.
sociedad del conocimiento y la emergencia de un
movimiento social en el 2019 que apunta a enormes
desigualdades en Chile, el objetivo de este trabajo se centra
en las políticas de calidad y equidad desarrolladas en la
última década en las nueve universidades tradicionales y
privadas de la Región de Valparaíso. Este paper, sección de
una investigación mayor, corresponde al análisis del
contexto de resultados de políticas a largo plazo, realizando
una medición cuantitativa de indicadores de equidad:
puntajes de ingreso, matrícula, tasa de retención, tasa de
169
titulación y existencia de programas remediales. Junto con
esto, se presenta una discusión basada en literatura para
entender cómo las políticas de esas universidades se
relacionan con tendencias globales más amplias en
educación superior. Entre los principales resultados
destacan las diferencias en puntajes PSU y NEM entre
universidades tradicionales y privadas, el crecimiento en
matrícula, especialmente de estudiantes del sistema
escolar municipal en universidades nuevas-privadas, las
mejoras en indicadores de retención, titulación y programas
remediales, pero considerando los desafíos que aún tienen
las instituciones privadas al respecto. En conclusión, ha
habido avances, pero aun falta mucho por hacer en la
construcción de equidad.
Papers by Victoria C Valdebenito
Design/methodology/approach – Design was non-experimental, cross-sectional, descriptive and relational, using quantitative techniques. Data was collected using Ryff and brief DASS-21 scales, into three different sections of the studied prison. In total, 97 people participated. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis.
Findings – Levels of subjective well-being range from mild to low, with best scores in environmental mastery and the worst in autonomy. Women obtained best scores on purpose in life and positive relations with others. Mental health levels measured in terms of anxiety, depression and stress showed the worst levels in males. A positive correlation was observed between mental health and substance use, and between mental health and violence.
Originality/ value – This study contributes to our understanding on the intricate interplay between subjective well-being, mental health, and various factors within the prison environment, offering valuable insights for targeted interventions and policy considerations.
Keywords Prisoners, Mental health, Subjective Well-being, Depression, Anxiety, Stress, Chile.
Paper type Research paper. Empirical, scientific or clinical research.
de familias y equipo de salud respecto de la presencia de clowns de hospital trabajando en cuidados paliativos pediátricos en una
unidad en Chile. Guiado por un paradigma interpretativo, estrictos criterios de calidad y éticos, la metodología utilizada fue de
tipo cualitativo, aplicando las técnicas de recolección de datos de entrevistas en profundidad, análisis de documentos y grupos
de discusión. La sección de datos sobre el equipo aquí presentados, se analizó a través de las técnicas análisis de contenido y
análisis crítico del discurso. Los resultados indican que la figura del clown es percibida como un mediador y valorada como
terapia complementaria, especialmente por las competencias socioemocionales de esos profesionales y el juego que se utiliza
como herramienta de intervención. Las conclusiones señalan que las competencias socioemocionales que promueve el clown de
hospital son fundamentales para el trabajo en cuidados paliativos.
Método: Bajo un diseño de tipo cualitativo, emergente, transversal y estrictas consideraciones éticas, utilizamos la técnica entrevistas en profundidad y grupo de discusión. Dieciséis madres que pasaron por la experiencia de cuidados paliativos con sus hijos fueron entrevistadas usando un guion en base a seis dimensiones calidad de vida: percepción sobre actividad física y salud, estado psicológico, autoestima, familia, amistades y escuela. Además, se efectuó un grupo de discusión con las madres para consolidar lo social de los temas del análisis de las entrevistas. Las transcripciones y los documentos se analizaron primero por separado y luego se realizó un proceso de triangulación de datos. Un paradigma interpretivista guía el análisis, a través de las técnicas teoría fundamentada y análisis del discurso.
Resultados: Los discursos de las participantes revelan que la presencia de clowns produce efectos psicológicos en la regulación emocional, además de ser un mecanismo para sobrellevar tanto los periodos de cuidados paliativos y como los de después del fallecimiento al establecer vínculos “familiares” con los clowns. Asimismo, tanto los clowns como el espacio que estos ocupan en el hospital inciden en la construcción de comunidad en este contexto sanitario, aspecto de suma relevancia en para las familias en el cuidado provisto.
Conclusiones: La presencia de clowns incide especialmente en dos de las seis dimensiones de calidad de vida, el estado psicológico y las relaciones familiares, siendo además de suma relevancia en este contexto para entregar cuidado humanizado, contribuyendo a sobrellevar la situación a las madres durante los cuidados paliativos y tras el fallecimiento de sus hijos.
With a qualitative approach, an emergent, cross-sectional and non-experimental design, and strict ethical considerations, data were collected between December 2019 and December 2020. The data collection techniques used were, firstly, in-depth interviews with three types of participants: mothers of children who have undergone palliative care, healthcare and medical personnel, and professional clowns from the organization in question. In total, 36 participants were interviewed. In addition, drawings and photographs were collected as documents, and discussion groups were held for each conglomerate (mothers, clinical team, and clowns) to deepen aspects revealed in the analysis of the interviews. The transcripts of interviews and discussion groups and the documents were analyzed in a first stage separately and then a process of triangulation of the data from different sources and from the different perspectives on the object of study was carried out. An interpretivist paradigm guided the empirical component of the research, through the techniques of discourse analysis and grounded theory, to then make them argue with the most current theories and research. The results are arranged in emerging themes related to positive effects on well-being and quality of life, especially due to emotional validation and regulation, the humanized health care that the figure of the clown provides in this context, the clown as a mediator in a transition period, friendship ties with children and the inclusion of these as family members, the complementarity of this with traditional treatments, the protection that makes the rights to life of hospitalized children, enjoyment, death and dying well in public hospitals, among others. All this from the conformation of a triad, that is to say, of a group of three beings that have a particular bond.
Chile is no exception to this general trend. Here, universities are particularly aiming to address the challenges presented by globalization, internationalization and the global knowledge society. A major associated strategy involves the production and enactment of what is termed a ‘21st century curriculum policy’, which refers to a curriculum that promotes the acquisition of such higher-order skills as creative and critical thinking, collaboration and problem-solving skills.
The book details associated international influences in this regard, and presents a detailed exposition of how some universities in Chile have been addressing the challenges they face. Adopting a policy trajectory framework focused on four main contexts of policy processes (namely, policy influences, policy text production, policy enactment and longer-term policy outcomes), it focuses on case studies of three universities.
The major informing concepts considered include neo-liberalism, nationalism, competing educational perspectives, powerful knowledge actors, high-stakes testing, equity, and social justice, among others. ‘Food for thought’ is provided for policy makers, curriculum developers and teachers not only in Chile, but also internationally.
sociedad del conocimiento y la emergencia de un
movimiento social en el 2019 que apunta a enormes
desigualdades en Chile, el objetivo de este trabajo se centra
en las políticas de calidad y equidad desarrolladas en la
última década en las nueve universidades tradicionales y
privadas de la Región de Valparaíso. Este paper, sección de
una investigación mayor, corresponde al análisis del
contexto de resultados de políticas a largo plazo, realizando
una medición cuantitativa de indicadores de equidad:
puntajes de ingreso, matrícula, tasa de retención, tasa de
169
titulación y existencia de programas remediales. Junto con
esto, se presenta una discusión basada en literatura para
entender cómo las políticas de esas universidades se
relacionan con tendencias globales más amplias en
educación superior. Entre los principales resultados
destacan las diferencias en puntajes PSU y NEM entre
universidades tradicionales y privadas, el crecimiento en
matrícula, especialmente de estudiantes del sistema
escolar municipal en universidades nuevas-privadas, las
mejoras en indicadores de retención, titulación y programas
remediales, pero considerando los desafíos que aún tienen
las instituciones privadas al respecto. En conclusión, ha
habido avances, pero aun falta mucho por hacer en la
construcción de equidad.
Design/methodology/approach – Design was non-experimental, cross-sectional, descriptive and relational, using quantitative techniques. Data was collected using Ryff and brief DASS-21 scales, into three different sections of the studied prison. In total, 97 people participated. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis.
Findings – Levels of subjective well-being range from mild to low, with best scores in environmental mastery and the worst in autonomy. Women obtained best scores on purpose in life and positive relations with others. Mental health levels measured in terms of anxiety, depression and stress showed the worst levels in males. A positive correlation was observed between mental health and substance use, and between mental health and violence.
Originality/ value – This study contributes to our understanding on the intricate interplay between subjective well-being, mental health, and various factors within the prison environment, offering valuable insights for targeted interventions and policy considerations.
Keywords Prisoners, Mental health, Subjective Well-being, Depression, Anxiety, Stress, Chile.
Paper type Research paper. Empirical, scientific or clinical research.
de familias y equipo de salud respecto de la presencia de clowns de hospital trabajando en cuidados paliativos pediátricos en una
unidad en Chile. Guiado por un paradigma interpretativo, estrictos criterios de calidad y éticos, la metodología utilizada fue de
tipo cualitativo, aplicando las técnicas de recolección de datos de entrevistas en profundidad, análisis de documentos y grupos
de discusión. La sección de datos sobre el equipo aquí presentados, se analizó a través de las técnicas análisis de contenido y
análisis crítico del discurso. Los resultados indican que la figura del clown es percibida como un mediador y valorada como
terapia complementaria, especialmente por las competencias socioemocionales de esos profesionales y el juego que se utiliza
como herramienta de intervención. Las conclusiones señalan que las competencias socioemocionales que promueve el clown de
hospital son fundamentales para el trabajo en cuidados paliativos.
Método: Bajo un diseño de tipo cualitativo, emergente, transversal y estrictas consideraciones éticas, utilizamos la técnica entrevistas en profundidad y grupo de discusión. Dieciséis madres que pasaron por la experiencia de cuidados paliativos con sus hijos fueron entrevistadas usando un guion en base a seis dimensiones calidad de vida: percepción sobre actividad física y salud, estado psicológico, autoestima, familia, amistades y escuela. Además, se efectuó un grupo de discusión con las madres para consolidar lo social de los temas del análisis de las entrevistas. Las transcripciones y los documentos se analizaron primero por separado y luego se realizó un proceso de triangulación de datos. Un paradigma interpretivista guía el análisis, a través de las técnicas teoría fundamentada y análisis del discurso.
Resultados: Los discursos de las participantes revelan que la presencia de clowns produce efectos psicológicos en la regulación emocional, además de ser un mecanismo para sobrellevar tanto los periodos de cuidados paliativos y como los de después del fallecimiento al establecer vínculos “familiares” con los clowns. Asimismo, tanto los clowns como el espacio que estos ocupan en el hospital inciden en la construcción de comunidad en este contexto sanitario, aspecto de suma relevancia en para las familias en el cuidado provisto.
Conclusiones: La presencia de clowns incide especialmente en dos de las seis dimensiones de calidad de vida, el estado psicológico y las relaciones familiares, siendo además de suma relevancia en este contexto para entregar cuidado humanizado, contribuyendo a sobrellevar la situación a las madres durante los cuidados paliativos y tras el fallecimiento de sus hijos.
avanzar en la búsqueda de soluciones para ellos. La expresión práctica
del proceso educativo es el currículum educacional, concepto que
articula los objetivos y tareas que la sociedad encarga a la enseñanza.
Es por eso el campo donde mejor se revelan las contradicciones educativas
y en él enfocaremos nuestra mirada en este trabajo.
Para los fines de esta investigación comprenderemos al currículum
en cuatro temas: la inserción laboral; la formación y desarrollo personal;
los contenidos del aprendizaje y, por último, los valores sociales.
Un grupo de jóvenes de un establecimiento de formación técnico-
profesional de la ciudad de Valparaíso (el Instituto Superior de
Comercio Francisco Araya Bennett) nos muestra la manera en que
ellos perciben y valoran este elemento del sistema educativo. Los
resultados: hegemonía de ciertos contenidos y valores (sobre todo
por parte de los contenidos de interés económico y laborales); distancia
o valoración negativa hacia contenidos y asignaturas, metodologías
de enseñanza, valores personales y sociales.
Estos jóvenes, mediante su experiencia, su mundo de vida y su
cultura, nos ayudaron a examinar el currículum, demostrando su
potencialidad como agentes activos y propositivos, exponentes de un
discurso crítico, el cual ha sido silenciado muchas veces por el mundo
adulto y el poder hegemónico.