Papers by Milind Kandlikar
Description/Abstract A number of issues need to be considered when developing aggregated economic... more Description/Abstract A number of issues need to be considered when developing aggregated economic damage functions due to climate change. These include:(i) identification of production processes vulnerable to climate change,(ii) an understanding of the mechanism of vulnerability,(iii) the rate of technological advance and diffusion (iv) the issue of detection of damages and availability of response options. In this paper we will explore the implications of these considerations with the aid of an illustrative model. The ...
Energy & Environment, 1998
Science and the contested problem of climate change: A tale of two models. S Shackley, J Risbey, ... more Science and the contested problem of climate change: A tale of two models. S Shackley, J Risbey, M Kandlikar Energy & Environment 9:11, 61-82, 1998. P 0000 AIR POLLUTION.
ABSTRACT For more than a decade climate change has been the focus of much research and analysis. ... more ABSTRACT For more than a decade climate change has been the focus of much research and analysis. Despite the global implications of the problem the majority of research and analysis has involved researchers from industrialized countries. This paper analyzes how climate change research and analysis is performed in India, a major lesser-industrialized country. We explore the factors that play a role in shaping the capability of India to carry out, and respond to, climate change analyses.
Abstract. An increasingly diverse set of hybrid-electric vehicles (HEVs) is now available in Nort... more Abstract. An increasingly diverse set of hybrid-electric vehicles (HEVs) is now available in North America. The recent generation of HEVs have higher fuel consumption, are heavier, and are significantly more powerful than the first generation of HEVs. We compare HEVs for sale in the United States in 2007 to equivalent conventional vehicles and determine how vehicle weight and system power affects fuel consumption within each vehicle set.
Abstract Air pollution levels in Indian cities including the capital New Delhi are among the wors... more Abstract Air pollution levels in Indian cities including the capital New Delhi are among the worst in the world. This has significant health consequences since air pollution from fine particulate matter (particulate matter less than 2.5 micron in aerodynamic diameter or PM2. 5) has been conclusively linked to adverse health effects. Combustion processes including vehicular traffic, household burning of biomass and industries are major sources of PM2. 5 in New Delhi. Individuals belonging to lower socioeconomic status groups are likely to be ...
Abstract The court-mandated switch of the public-transport vehicle fleet in Delhi, India to opera... more Abstract The court-mandated switch of the public-transport vehicle fleet in Delhi, India to operation on compressed natural gas (CNG) aimed to reduce air pollutant emissions. To assess the impact of this switch on an important transportation mode, chassis dynamometer tests were conducted to characterize the particle-and gas-phase emissions of Delhi auto-rickshaws (three-wheeled taxis)–the first detailed measurements of this type. Tests were conducted with CNG powered 4-stroke (CNG-4S, N= 17) and 2-stroke (CNG-2S, N= 14) ...
Science and Public …, Jan 1, 2011
Sustainable Systems and …, Jan 1, 2010
Abstract We develop a simple method for attributing the environmental impacts of tasks performed ... more Abstract We develop a simple method for attributing the environmental impacts of tasks performed on ICT devices according to the amount of time spent by the user pursuing them and the amount of network bandwidth they require. We use broad categories of tasks and ensure that the total impacts of all tasks add to 100%. Using publicly available data, we develop a case study of energy consumption in the US and demonstrate that by 2015 web-based video will become a dominant driver of ICT energy consumption, due to its very ...
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Atmospheric …, Jan 1, 2012
Vehicle emissions model Vehicle fleet Megacity Micro-scale India Particulate matter a b s t r a c... more Vehicle emissions model Vehicle fleet Megacity Micro-scale India Particulate matter a b s t r a c t Chassis dynamometer tests were conducted on 40 Indian auto-rickshaws with 3 different fueleengine combinations operating on the Indian Drive Cycle (IDC). Second-by-second (1 Hz) data were collected and used to develop velocity-acceleration look-up table models for fuel consumption and emissions of CO 2 , CO, total hydrocarbons (THC), oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) for each fueleengine combination. Models were constructed based on group-average vehicle activity and emissions data in order to represent the performance of a 'typical' vehicle. The models accurately estimated full-cycle emissions for most species, though pollutants with more variable emission rates (e.g., PM 2.5 ) were associated with larger errors. Vehicle emissions data showed large variability for single vehicles ('intra-vehicle variability') and within the test group ('inter-vehicle variability'), complicating the development of a single model to represent a vehicle population. To evaluate the impact of this variability, sensitivity analyses were conducted using vehicle activity data other than the IDC as model input.
Sustainable Systems and …, Jan 1, 2011
Abstract An integrated life cycle environmental and cost analysis of building-wide IT systems was... more Abstract An integrated life cycle environmental and cost analysis of building-wide IT systems was performed for the University of British Columbia's Centre for Interactive Research on Sustainability (CIRS), a new green building currently under construction and scheduled for occupancy in summer 2011. Because the CIRS project has a mandate to choose environmentally preferable alternatives wherever possible, the CIRS team commissioned this study in order to enumerate possible technology systems to be installed and to assess ...
Science, Jan 1, 2012
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Environment and Development Economics, Jan 1, 1998
In early 1998, there was spate of more than a hundred suicides by cotton farmers in Andhra Prades... more In early 1998, there was spate of more than a hundred suicides by cotton farmers in Andhra Pradesh, South India, attributed to the failure of the winter cotton crop. A number of interacting climatic, economic and social factors such as adverse rainfall, low market prices for cotton, rising costs and farmer indebtedness, and pest attacks triggered by rising immunity to pesticides were seen as the underlying causes for the failure (Parthasarthy and Shameem, 1998). In the days that followed, discussion in the Indian media focused on ...
Integrated Assessment, Jan 1, 2008
Technological change has been used both in favor of, and against delaying the onset of greenhouse... more Technological change has been used both in favor of, and against delaying the onset of greenhouse gas abatement. In this paper we develop a theoretical model using stochastic dynamic programming to show that the uncertainties in technological change and economic growth have a direct impact on the design of cost-effective policies and their effect is to unambiguously dilute arguments in favor of delaying mitigation. Optimal strategies that that meet emission reduction targets in the presence of these uncertainties require earlier and greater abatement of carbon emissions. Policies aimed at meeting GHG reduction targets should recognize the benefits of early abatement.
Geographic information research: trans-Atlantic …, Jan 1, 1999
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Energy Policy, Jan 1, 2011
The health and climate impacts of available household cooking options in developing countries var... more The health and climate impacts of available household cooking options in developing countries vary sharply. Here, we analyze and compare these impacts (health; climate) and the potential co-benefits from the use of fuel and stove combinations. Our results indicate that health and climate impacts span 2 orders of magnitude among the technologies considered. Indoor air pollution is heavily impacted by combustion performance and ventilation; climate impacts are influenced by combustion performance and fuel properties including biomass renewability. Emission components not included in current carbon trading schemes, such as black carbon particles and carbon monoxide, can contribute a large proportion of the total climate impact. Multiple 'improved' stove options analyzed in this paper yield roughly equivalent climate benefits but have different impacts on indoor air pollution. Improvements to biomass stoves can improve indoor air quality, which nonetheless remains significantly higher than for stoves that use liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons. LPG-and kerosene-fueled stoves have unrivaled air quality benefits and their climate impacts are also lower than all but the cleanest stoves using renewable biomass.
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Papers by Milind Kandlikar