Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science, 2017
With the recent exponential growth of applications using artificial intelligence (AI), the develo... more With the recent exponential growth of applications using artificial intelligence (AI), the development of efficient and ultrafast brain-like (neuromorphic) systems is crucial for future information and communication technologies. While the implementation of AI systems using computer algorithms of neural networks is emerging rapidly, scientists are just taking the very first steps in the development of the hardware elements of an artificial brain, specifically neuromorphic microchips. In this review article, we present the current state of neuromorphic photonic circuits based on solid-state optoelectronic oscillators formed by nanoscale double barrier quantum well resonant tunneling diodes. We address, both experimentally and theoretically, the key dynamic properties of recently developed artificial solid-state neuron microchips with delayed perturbations and describe their role in the study of neural activity and regenerative memory. This review covers our recent research work on excitable and delay dynamic characteristics of both single and autaptic (delayed) artificial neurons including all-or-none response, spike-based data encoding, storage, signal regeneration and signal healing. Furthermore, the neural responses of these neuromorphic microchips display all the signatures of extended spatio-temporal localized structures (LSs) of light, which are reviewed here in detail. By taking advantage of the dissipative nature of LSs, we demonstrate potential applications in optical data reconfiguration and clock and timing at high-speeds and with short transients. The results reviewed in this article are a key enabler for the development of high-performance optoelectronic devices in future high-speed brain-inspired optical memories and neuromorphic computing. https://arxiv.org/abs/1709.05503
A hybrid optoelectronic integrated circuit comprising a laser diode driven by a resonant tunnelli... more A hybrid optoelectronic integrated circuit comprising a laser diode driven by a resonant tunnelling diode can output various optical and electrical signal patterns that include self-sustained oscillations, subharmonic and harmonic locking and unlocked signals, with potential applications in optical communication systems.
The authors report on a hybrid integration of a resonant tunnelling diode laser diode driver conf... more The authors report on a hybrid integration of a resonant tunnelling diode laser diode driver configuration that can operate as a self-oscillating circuit, and when externally perturbed shows regions of frequency division and frequency multiplication, quasi-periodic and chaotic oscillations, both in the optical and electrical outputs. The authors also demonstrate that this optoelectronic circuit is well described as a Liénard's oscillator. The synchronisation capabilities of the circuit have potentially novel functions for optical communications systems including clock recovery, clock division and data encryption.
A hybrid optoelectronic integrated circuit comprising a laser diode driven by a resonant tunnelli... more A hybrid optoelectronic integrated circuit comprising a laser diode driven by a resonant tunnelling diode can output various optical and electrical signal patterns that include self-sustained oscillations, subharmonic and harmonic locking and unlocked signals, with potential applications in optical communication systems.
Since the discovery, in 1963 by Edward Lorenz, of what is now known as the butterfly effect [1], ... more Since the discovery, in 1963 by Edward Lorenz, of what is now known as the butterfly effect [1], chaos became an essential research topic in physics and mathematics. It then expanded into biology, chemistry, engineering, and more recently into information and social sciences. The study of chaos is a part of a larger program of study of so-called "strongly" nonlinear systems. Within the context of physics, examples of such systems are the fluid turbulence (e.g. whether), planetary motion, electronic circuits, heartbeat, brain waves, and several other real life examples.
Optoelectronic oscillators (OEO) combine electronic and photonic components to generate spectrall... more Optoelectronic oscillators (OEO) combine electronic and photonic components to generate spectrally pure microwave signals in both optical and electrical domains. Since the first OEO was reported [1], several low-cost configurations have been proposed . Here we present a novel OEO configuration based on the integration of a resonant tunneling diode (RTD) photo-detector oscillator and a laser diode. We also show the OEO dynamics is well described as a Liénard oscillator. RTD-based devices work as voltage controlled oscillators taking advantage of RTD negative differential resistance (NDR) current-voltage (I-V) curve [3], inset of . The NDR extends over a wide bandwidth providing gain to the circuit allowing the implementation of compact highspeed OEOs with improved performance and useful for optical communication and interconnection applications.
Page 1. Conversion of Phase Modulated Signals from Optical Network to Wireless Domain using Reson... more Page 1. Conversion of Phase Modulated Signals from Optical Network to Wireless Domain using Resonant Tunneling Diode Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits HI Cantú1*, B. Romeira1, K. Seunarine2, AE Kelly2, CN Ironside2 ...
We present an optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) that is capable of generating complex and rich dyna... more We present an optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) that is capable of generating complex and rich dynamics including stable periodic oscillations and broadband chaos. The OEO under analysis here is based on a resonant tunneling diode (RTD) oscillator driving a laser diode and a time-delayed feedback loop. The RTD based OEO is well described as a a Liénard oscillator with delayed-feedback. When subjected to external perturbation, the RTD-OEO generates periodic and chaotic states that are controlled by the delayed-feedback loop characteristics. The implemented numerical Liénard optoelectronic oscillator provides a simple way to study time-delayed dynamical systems containing negative resistance oscillators.
We investigate optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) configurations based on a laser diode driven by re... more We investigate optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) configurations based on a laser diode driven by resonant tunnelling diode (RTD) optical waveguide photo-detector (PD) oscillators, with an optical fiber feedback loop carrying a fraction of the laser diode optical output that is re-injected into the OEO through the optical waveguide of the RTD-PD. In the configurations reported here, we take advantage of the RTD negative differential resistance to provide electrical highbandwidth. The optical fiber loop acts as a high quality optical energy storage element with low transmission loss. The RTD based OEO can produces stable and low-phase noise microwave signals with attractive applications in photonics and communication systems, mainly in fiber-optic based communication links since the RTD-OEO can be accessed both optically and electrically.
Optoelectronic oscillators can provide low noise oscillators at radio frequencies in the 0.5-40 G... more Optoelectronic oscillators can provide low noise oscillators at radio frequencies in the 0.5-40 GHz range and in this paper we review two recently introduced approaches to optoelectronic oscillators. Both approaches use an optical fibre feedback loop. One approach is based on passively modelocked laser diodes and in a 40 GHz oscillator achieves up to 30 dB noise reduction. The other approach is based on resonant tunneling diode optoelectronic devices and in a 1.4 GHz oscillator can achieve up to 30 dB noise reduction.
We report optical experimental frequency division and chaos results in a resonant tunneling diode... more We report optical experimental frequency division and chaos results in a resonant tunneling diode laser diode driver configuration that forms a self-oscillating circuit. Circuit behavior and laser output results are well predicted using Liénard's equation.
Phase-locked oscillators based on resonant tunneling diodes are used in this study to implement t... more Phase-locked oscillators based on resonant tunneling diodes are used in this study to implement transceiver components that perform conversion between optical and wireless phase shift-keyed signals using injection-locked oscillator techniques. Three different links are demonstrated at frequencies of 940 MHz, 1.3 GHz, and 3.2 GHz that are capable of locking to a phase-modulated signal that propagates from the optical to the wireless and back to the optical domains. The transmitter and receiver are evaluated through Gaussian minimum shift-keying modulation accuracy metrics. Deployment of the transceiver in radio-over-fiber architectures is also discussed.
We propose and demonstrate a simple and stable low-phase noise optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) th... more We propose and demonstrate a simple and stable low-phase noise optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) that uses a laser diode, an optical fiber delay line, and a resonant tunneling diode (RTD) free-running oscillator that is monolithic integrated with a waveguide photodetector. The RTD-OEO exhibits single-side band phase noise power below 100 dBc/Hz with more than 30-dB noise suppression at 10 kHz from the center free-running frequency for fiber loop lengths around 1.2 km. The RTD-OEO can be controlled either by the injected optical power or the fiber delay line and its power consumption is below 0.55 W. The RTD-OEO stability is achieved without using other high-speed optical/optoelectronic components and amplification.
Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science, 2017
With the recent exponential growth of applications using artificial intelligence (AI), the develo... more With the recent exponential growth of applications using artificial intelligence (AI), the development of efficient and ultrafast brain-like (neuromorphic) systems is crucial for future information and communication technologies. While the implementation of AI systems using computer algorithms of neural networks is emerging rapidly, scientists are just taking the very first steps in the development of the hardware elements of an artificial brain, specifically neuromorphic microchips. In this review article, we present the current state of neuromorphic photonic circuits based on solid-state optoelectronic oscillators formed by nanoscale double barrier quantum well resonant tunneling diodes. We address, both experimentally and theoretically, the key dynamic properties of recently developed artificial solid-state neuron microchips with delayed perturbations and describe their role in the study of neural activity and regenerative memory. This review covers our recent research work on excitable and delay dynamic characteristics of both single and autaptic (delayed) artificial neurons including all-or-none response, spike-based data encoding, storage, signal regeneration and signal healing. Furthermore, the neural responses of these neuromorphic microchips display all the signatures of extended spatio-temporal localized structures (LSs) of light, which are reviewed here in detail. By taking advantage of the dissipative nature of LSs, we demonstrate potential applications in optical data reconfiguration and clock and timing at high-speeds and with short transients. The results reviewed in this article are a key enabler for the development of high-performance optoelectronic devices in future high-speed brain-inspired optical memories and neuromorphic computing. https://arxiv.org/abs/1709.05503
A hybrid optoelectronic integrated circuit comprising a laser diode driven by a resonant tunnelli... more A hybrid optoelectronic integrated circuit comprising a laser diode driven by a resonant tunnelling diode can output various optical and electrical signal patterns that include self-sustained oscillations, subharmonic and harmonic locking and unlocked signals, with potential applications in optical communication systems.
The authors report on a hybrid integration of a resonant tunnelling diode laser diode driver conf... more The authors report on a hybrid integration of a resonant tunnelling diode laser diode driver configuration that can operate as a self-oscillating circuit, and when externally perturbed shows regions of frequency division and frequency multiplication, quasi-periodic and chaotic oscillations, both in the optical and electrical outputs. The authors also demonstrate that this optoelectronic circuit is well described as a Liénard's oscillator. The synchronisation capabilities of the circuit have potentially novel functions for optical communications systems including clock recovery, clock division and data encryption.
A hybrid optoelectronic integrated circuit comprising a laser diode driven by a resonant tunnelli... more A hybrid optoelectronic integrated circuit comprising a laser diode driven by a resonant tunnelling diode can output various optical and electrical signal patterns that include self-sustained oscillations, subharmonic and harmonic locking and unlocked signals, with potential applications in optical communication systems.
Since the discovery, in 1963 by Edward Lorenz, of what is now known as the butterfly effect [1], ... more Since the discovery, in 1963 by Edward Lorenz, of what is now known as the butterfly effect [1], chaos became an essential research topic in physics and mathematics. It then expanded into biology, chemistry, engineering, and more recently into information and social sciences. The study of chaos is a part of a larger program of study of so-called "strongly" nonlinear systems. Within the context of physics, examples of such systems are the fluid turbulence (e.g. whether), planetary motion, electronic circuits, heartbeat, brain waves, and several other real life examples.
Optoelectronic oscillators (OEO) combine electronic and photonic components to generate spectrall... more Optoelectronic oscillators (OEO) combine electronic and photonic components to generate spectrally pure microwave signals in both optical and electrical domains. Since the first OEO was reported [1], several low-cost configurations have been proposed . Here we present a novel OEO configuration based on the integration of a resonant tunneling diode (RTD) photo-detector oscillator and a laser diode. We also show the OEO dynamics is well described as a Liénard oscillator. RTD-based devices work as voltage controlled oscillators taking advantage of RTD negative differential resistance (NDR) current-voltage (I-V) curve [3], inset of . The NDR extends over a wide bandwidth providing gain to the circuit allowing the implementation of compact highspeed OEOs with improved performance and useful for optical communication and interconnection applications.
Page 1. Conversion of Phase Modulated Signals from Optical Network to Wireless Domain using Reson... more Page 1. Conversion of Phase Modulated Signals from Optical Network to Wireless Domain using Resonant Tunneling Diode Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits HI Cantú1*, B. Romeira1, K. Seunarine2, AE Kelly2, CN Ironside2 ...
We present an optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) that is capable of generating complex and rich dyna... more We present an optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) that is capable of generating complex and rich dynamics including stable periodic oscillations and broadband chaos. The OEO under analysis here is based on a resonant tunneling diode (RTD) oscillator driving a laser diode and a time-delayed feedback loop. The RTD based OEO is well described as a a Liénard oscillator with delayed-feedback. When subjected to external perturbation, the RTD-OEO generates periodic and chaotic states that are controlled by the delayed-feedback loop characteristics. The implemented numerical Liénard optoelectronic oscillator provides a simple way to study time-delayed dynamical systems containing negative resistance oscillators.
We investigate optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) configurations based on a laser diode driven by re... more We investigate optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) configurations based on a laser diode driven by resonant tunnelling diode (RTD) optical waveguide photo-detector (PD) oscillators, with an optical fiber feedback loop carrying a fraction of the laser diode optical output that is re-injected into the OEO through the optical waveguide of the RTD-PD. In the configurations reported here, we take advantage of the RTD negative differential resistance to provide electrical highbandwidth. The optical fiber loop acts as a high quality optical energy storage element with low transmission loss. The RTD based OEO can produces stable and low-phase noise microwave signals with attractive applications in photonics and communication systems, mainly in fiber-optic based communication links since the RTD-OEO can be accessed both optically and electrically.
Optoelectronic oscillators can provide low noise oscillators at radio frequencies in the 0.5-40 G... more Optoelectronic oscillators can provide low noise oscillators at radio frequencies in the 0.5-40 GHz range and in this paper we review two recently introduced approaches to optoelectronic oscillators. Both approaches use an optical fibre feedback loop. One approach is based on passively modelocked laser diodes and in a 40 GHz oscillator achieves up to 30 dB noise reduction. The other approach is based on resonant tunneling diode optoelectronic devices and in a 1.4 GHz oscillator can achieve up to 30 dB noise reduction.
We report optical experimental frequency division and chaos results in a resonant tunneling diode... more We report optical experimental frequency division and chaos results in a resonant tunneling diode laser diode driver configuration that forms a self-oscillating circuit. Circuit behavior and laser output results are well predicted using Liénard's equation.
Phase-locked oscillators based on resonant tunneling diodes are used in this study to implement t... more Phase-locked oscillators based on resonant tunneling diodes are used in this study to implement transceiver components that perform conversion between optical and wireless phase shift-keyed signals using injection-locked oscillator techniques. Three different links are demonstrated at frequencies of 940 MHz, 1.3 GHz, and 3.2 GHz that are capable of locking to a phase-modulated signal that propagates from the optical to the wireless and back to the optical domains. The transmitter and receiver are evaluated through Gaussian minimum shift-keying modulation accuracy metrics. Deployment of the transceiver in radio-over-fiber architectures is also discussed.
We propose and demonstrate a simple and stable low-phase noise optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) th... more We propose and demonstrate a simple and stable low-phase noise optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) that uses a laser diode, an optical fiber delay line, and a resonant tunneling diode (RTD) free-running oscillator that is monolithic integrated with a waveguide photodetector. The RTD-OEO exhibits single-side band phase noise power below 100 dBc/Hz with more than 30-dB noise suppression at 10 kHz from the center free-running frequency for fiber loop lengths around 1.2 km. The RTD-OEO can be controlled either by the injected optical power or the fiber delay line and its power consumption is below 0.55 W. The RTD-OEO stability is achieved without using other high-speed optical/optoelectronic components and amplification.
Uploads
Papers by Bruno Romeira