Mario Marques da Silva
Mário Marques da Silva [[email protected]] is an Associate Professor and the Director of the Department of Sciences and Technologies at Universidade Autónoma de Lisboa. He is also a Researcher at Instituto de Telecomunicações, in Lisbon, Portugal. He received his B.Sc in Electrical Engineering in 1992, and the M.Sc and PhD degrees in Electrical and Computers Engineering (Telecommunications), respectively in 1999 and 2005, both from Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon.
Between 2005 and 2008 he was with NATO Air Command Control & Management Agency (NACMA) in Brussels (Belgium), where he managed the deployable communications of the new Air Command and Control System Program. He has been involved in multiple networking and telecommunications projects. His research interests include networking and mobile communications, namely block transmission techniques (OFDM, SC-FDE), interference cancellation, space-time coding, MIMO systems, smart and adaptive antennas, channel estimation, software defined radio, IP technologies and network security. Mário Marques da Silva is also a Cisco certified CCNA instructor.
He is the author of five books entitled Multimedia Communications and Networking, Transmission Techniques for Emergent Multicast and Broadcast Systems, Transmission Techniques for 4G Systems, MIMO Processing for 4G and Beyond: Fundamentals and Evolution and Cable and Wireless Networks: Theory & Practice (all from CRC Press). Moreover, he is author of several dozens of journal and conference papers, a member of IEEE and AFCEA, and reviewer for a number of international scientific IEEE journals and conferences. Finally, he has chaired many conference sessions and has been serving in the organizing committee of relevant EURASIP and IEEE conferences.
Between 2005 and 2008 he was with NATO Air Command Control & Management Agency (NACMA) in Brussels (Belgium), where he managed the deployable communications of the new Air Command and Control System Program. He has been involved in multiple networking and telecommunications projects. His research interests include networking and mobile communications, namely block transmission techniques (OFDM, SC-FDE), interference cancellation, space-time coding, MIMO systems, smart and adaptive antennas, channel estimation, software defined radio, IP technologies and network security. Mário Marques da Silva is also a Cisco certified CCNA instructor.
He is the author of five books entitled Multimedia Communications and Networking, Transmission Techniques for Emergent Multicast and Broadcast Systems, Transmission Techniques for 4G Systems, MIMO Processing for 4G and Beyond: Fundamentals and Evolution and Cable and Wireless Networks: Theory & Practice (all from CRC Press). Moreover, he is author of several dozens of journal and conference papers, a member of IEEE and AFCEA, and reviewer for a number of international scientific IEEE journals and conferences. Finally, he has chaired many conference sessions and has been serving in the organizing committee of relevant EURASIP and IEEE conferences.
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Books by Mario Marques da Silva
In this book, the author gathers in a single volume current and emergent cable and wireless network services and technologies. Unlike other books, which cover each one of these topics independently without establishing their natural relationships, this book allows students to quickly learn and improve their mastering of the covered topics with a deeper understanding of their interconnection. It also collects in a single source the latest developments in the area, typically only within reach of an active researcher.
Each chapter illustrates the theory of cable and wireless communications with relevant examples, hands-on exercises, and review questions suitable for readers with a BSc degree or an MSc degree in computer science or electrical engineering. This approach makes the book well suited for higher education students in courses such as networking, telecommunications, mobile communications, and network security. This is an excellent reference book for academic, institutional, and industrial professionals with technical responsibilities in planning, design and development of networks, telecommunications and security systems, and mobile communications, as well as for Cisco CCNA and CCNP exam preparation.
The previous books in this series, entitled Transmission Techniques for Emergent Multicast and Broadcast Systems (CRC Press) and Transmission Techniques for 4G systems (CRC Press), focused on the transition from 3G to LTE and on the transmission techniques to be employed in future 4G cellular systems, respectively. Therefore, these books covered wide areas.
The purpose of this book is to concentrate in a single place several important ongoing research and development (R&D) activities in the field of MIMO systems and its associated signal processing, expected to be employed in 4G and 5G systems. This is a hot and important topic which allows achieving the increased throughputs demanded by emergent services. Moreover, this book also aims to provide a comprehensive description of MIMO fundamentals and theory, with special interest for those needing to improve their skills in the subject, such as corporate / industrial employees or graduate students. Therefore, this book aims to serve a wide range of potential readers: it can be used by an engineer with a BSc degree to learn about the latest R&D on MIMO systems, for the purpose of an MSc or PhD program, or for business activities; it can also be used by academic, institutional or industrial researchers, in order to support the planning, design and development of prototypes and systems. It is worth noting that the contributing authors have been working in many international R&D projects related to the subject of the book, and are highly cited in the MIMO field, which represents an added value.
MIMO systems were initially introduced in IEEE 802.11n (commonly referred to as Wi-Fi) and in Release 7 of universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS) by Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). These systems were intended to use efficiently the network and radio resources by transmitting multiple data streams over a common radio channel. This is achieved by using multiple-antennas at the transmitter and at the receiver sides.
This book is divided into chapters written by different invited authors, leading researchers in MIMO, covering the various topics associated with MIMO systems and MIMO processing, starting from the fundamental concepts and conventional receiver design, up to the most advanced and recently proposed processing techniques.
The use of multiple-antennas at both the transmitter and receiver aims to improve performance or increase the symbols rate of systems, without an increase of the spectrum bandwidth, but it usually requires higher implementation complexity. In the case of frequency selective fading channel, different symbols suffer from interference from each other, whose effect is usually known as intersymbol interference (ISI). This effect tends to increase with the used bandwidth. By exploiting diversity, multi-antenna systems can be employed to mitigate the negative effects of both fading and ISI. Space-time coding, such as the pioneering scheme proposed by Alamouti, is an example of a scheme that can be applied to improve the performance by exploiting diversity.
MIMO systems may also target high bit rate services over a common channel, as proposed by Foschini. One of the most important properties of MIMO systems is resource sharing among many user equipments (UEs). MIMO based on spatial multiplexing (multi-layer transmission) aims to achieve higher data rates in a given bandwidth. This rate increase corresponds to the number of transmit antennas. In the case of the spatial multiplexing using the conventional post-processing approach, the number of receive antennas must be equal to or higher than the number of transmit antennas (although there is active research for underdetermined systems where that restriction is removed).
MIMO processing can be split into two different categories: post-processing and pre-processing. Single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO) considers data being transmitted from a single user to another individual user, and corresponds to having post-processing only or a combination of both, if channel state information (CSI) is available at the transmitter side. With the sufficient number of receive antennas it is possible to resolve all data streams, as long as the antennas are sufficiently spaced so as to minimize the correlation between them. Another type of pre-processing for MIMO is commonly referred to as multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) . The approach behind MU-MIMO is similar to spatial multiplexing typically employed in the uplink . Nevertheless, MU-MIMO is normally implemented in the downlink. This allows sending different data streams to different UEs. Using the pre-processing approach, the traditional constraint on spatial multiplexing (where the number of receive antennas must be equal to or higher than the number of transmit antennas) can be reversed. Therefore, the spatial multiplexing concept can be employed in the downlink, where the transmitter (BS) accommodates a high number of transmit antennas and the receiver (UEs) can only accommodate a single or a reduced number of antennas. With this approach, multiple data streams may be sent to multiple users at the same time, all in the same frequency bands. Alternatively, instead of implementing the spatial multiplexing principle described above, the MU-MIMO can also be performed using a beamforming algorithm. One should emphasise that most of the MU-MIMO systems require accurate downlink CSI at the transmitter side.
Chapter 1 of this books starts by exposing the different wireless communication standards that make use of MIMO systems, followed by a description of the various MIMO techniques, being SU-MIMO or MU-MIMO, including space-time coding, spatial multiplexing and beamforming. Finally, chapter 1 ends with the description of advanced MIMO applications, such as base station cooperation, multihop relay, and multi-resolution transmission schemes.
Chapter 2 focuses on the receiver processing associated with MIMO signal detection, and clarifies how spatial multiplexing is achieved via an insightful geometric interpretation of the MIMO detection problem based on lattice theory. The chapter covers the most important detection algorithms and lays the bases for the reader to better understand subsequent chapters on precoding (chapter 3), on OFDM detection (chapter 4) and detection in systems with large antenna arrays (chapter 10).
Chapter 3 tell us that, when CSI is available at the transmitter side, the traditional singular value decomposition combined with water-filling power allocation among the channel’s singular values, applied to spatial multiplexing MIMO, is not optimal. Also capitalizing on a lattice interpretation of the precoding problem, the optimal precoders are derived. The pre-processing associated to MU-MIMO is also described under the same framework in chapter 3, as the only difference is that the receive antennas are not co-located. This latter concept comprises of multiple streams of data simultaneously allocated to different users, using the same frequency bands.
Optimized MIMO schemes and processing for block transmission techniques are described in chapters 4 for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission technique, and in chapter 5 for single carrier - frequency domain equalization (SC-FDE), while chapter 6 presents the MIMO processing and optimization for wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA). Moreover, the description of ultra-wideband (UWB) transmission technique , and the corresponding MIMO processing and optimizations, are provided in chapters 7 and 8. The MIMO optimizations for different transmission techniques include enhanced state-of-the-art receivers, in order to improve the overall system performance, capacity and coverage.
Although, all of these subjects are non-specific to any particular system, chapter 9 focuses on the performance analysis of possible schemes for 4G systems using different combinations of MIMO schemes (SU-MIMO and MU-MIMO) and transmission techniques, cellular environments, relay techniques and services. In order to allow the deployment of the emergent services, such as video broadcast or video-on-demand, the combination of these enhancements is accomplished by adaptive transmission techniques. In chapter 9 the authors combine several of these techniques for the purpose of implementing 4G services. A number of simulation results, obtained using link level and system level simulations is presented, allowing for a comparison between the several different techniques and schemes, and enabling the reader to identify the key factors required by emergent wireless systems.
In the final three chapters the book presents very recent and exciting extensions to MIMO. After more than a decade of research on MIMO detection methods, an efficient way to put in practice a receiver for the 8×8 antenna configuration, as required by the LTE-Advanced standard, is still an issue that manufacturers have to deal with. Chapter 10 shows that recent developments in the detection algorithms (combined with the new nature of the problem when the number of dimensions becomes very high) actually open doors to the use of much larger antenna arrays. Then, in chapters 11 and 12, the very recent concept of “adding bits in the air” (now known as physical layer network coding) is explored and combined in different ways with multiple-antenna terminals. This brings together coding and signal processing in a way that will redefine the design of the physical layer. It seems that many more interesting discoveries in the history of radio communications are still to come.
This book describes transmission schemes suitable for future broadband wireless systems and proposes and studies several advances in transmission techniques and receiver design to support emergent wireless needs for 4G requirements. New requirements include increasing throughputs and bandwidths, increased spectrum efficiency and network capacity, lower delays and round trip times.
4G services require extensive exploitation of advanced schemes such as Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO), base station cooperation, macro-diversity, inter-cell interference cancellation, multihop relay techniques, hierarchical constellations, as well as multi-resolution techniques. All of these principles are studied in this book, and advances are proposed for different propagation and multi-user environments, using block transmission techniques.
"""""
The book starts with a review of the fundamental concepts, requirements, and constraints in networks and telecommunications. It describes channel disturbances that can hinder system performance—including noise, attenuation, distortion, and interferences—and provides transmission techniques for mitigating these limitations. Analyzing both cable and wireless transmission mediums, the book describes the network protocol architecture concept and includes coverage of twisted pairs, coaxial and optical fiber cables, wireless propagation, satellite communications, and terrestrial microwave systems. Facilitating the understanding required to participate in the development of current and next generation networks and services, this comprehensive reference:
Examines the range of network interconnections and WAN/MAN technologies, including synchronous optical networks (SONET), synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH), and third and next generation cellular systems (3G and 4G)
Describes local area network (LAN) theory and technology, including data link layers and virtual LANs
Explores network and transport layers, such as addressing, routing protocols, and IPv4 and IPv6 algorithms
Covers TCP/IP services and applications
Investigates different authentication and cryptographic systems, including digital signature, SSL, TLS, IPSEC, and public key infrastructure
Walking you through the planning, design, and development of multimedia, telecommunications, and networking systems, the book provides a quick and easy way to develop and refine the skills required in the field. It clearly explains the principles and corresponding techniques you need to know to implement network security. The many examples and end-of-chapter questions also make it suitable for undergraduate and graduate-level computer science and electrical engineering courses.""""
Papers by Mario Marques da Silva
In this book, the author gathers in a single volume current and emergent cable and wireless network services and technologies. Unlike other books, which cover each one of these topics independently without establishing their natural relationships, this book allows students to quickly learn and improve their mastering of the covered topics with a deeper understanding of their interconnection. It also collects in a single source the latest developments in the area, typically only within reach of an active researcher.
Each chapter illustrates the theory of cable and wireless communications with relevant examples, hands-on exercises, and review questions suitable for readers with a BSc degree or an MSc degree in computer science or electrical engineering. This approach makes the book well suited for higher education students in courses such as networking, telecommunications, mobile communications, and network security. This is an excellent reference book for academic, institutional, and industrial professionals with technical responsibilities in planning, design and development of networks, telecommunications and security systems, and mobile communications, as well as for Cisco CCNA and CCNP exam preparation.
The previous books in this series, entitled Transmission Techniques for Emergent Multicast and Broadcast Systems (CRC Press) and Transmission Techniques for 4G systems (CRC Press), focused on the transition from 3G to LTE and on the transmission techniques to be employed in future 4G cellular systems, respectively. Therefore, these books covered wide areas.
The purpose of this book is to concentrate in a single place several important ongoing research and development (R&D) activities in the field of MIMO systems and its associated signal processing, expected to be employed in 4G and 5G systems. This is a hot and important topic which allows achieving the increased throughputs demanded by emergent services. Moreover, this book also aims to provide a comprehensive description of MIMO fundamentals and theory, with special interest for those needing to improve their skills in the subject, such as corporate / industrial employees or graduate students. Therefore, this book aims to serve a wide range of potential readers: it can be used by an engineer with a BSc degree to learn about the latest R&D on MIMO systems, for the purpose of an MSc or PhD program, or for business activities; it can also be used by academic, institutional or industrial researchers, in order to support the planning, design and development of prototypes and systems. It is worth noting that the contributing authors have been working in many international R&D projects related to the subject of the book, and are highly cited in the MIMO field, which represents an added value.
MIMO systems were initially introduced in IEEE 802.11n (commonly referred to as Wi-Fi) and in Release 7 of universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS) by Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). These systems were intended to use efficiently the network and radio resources by transmitting multiple data streams over a common radio channel. This is achieved by using multiple-antennas at the transmitter and at the receiver sides.
This book is divided into chapters written by different invited authors, leading researchers in MIMO, covering the various topics associated with MIMO systems and MIMO processing, starting from the fundamental concepts and conventional receiver design, up to the most advanced and recently proposed processing techniques.
The use of multiple-antennas at both the transmitter and receiver aims to improve performance or increase the symbols rate of systems, without an increase of the spectrum bandwidth, but it usually requires higher implementation complexity. In the case of frequency selective fading channel, different symbols suffer from interference from each other, whose effect is usually known as intersymbol interference (ISI). This effect tends to increase with the used bandwidth. By exploiting diversity, multi-antenna systems can be employed to mitigate the negative effects of both fading and ISI. Space-time coding, such as the pioneering scheme proposed by Alamouti, is an example of a scheme that can be applied to improve the performance by exploiting diversity.
MIMO systems may also target high bit rate services over a common channel, as proposed by Foschini. One of the most important properties of MIMO systems is resource sharing among many user equipments (UEs). MIMO based on spatial multiplexing (multi-layer transmission) aims to achieve higher data rates in a given bandwidth. This rate increase corresponds to the number of transmit antennas. In the case of the spatial multiplexing using the conventional post-processing approach, the number of receive antennas must be equal to or higher than the number of transmit antennas (although there is active research for underdetermined systems where that restriction is removed).
MIMO processing can be split into two different categories: post-processing and pre-processing. Single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO) considers data being transmitted from a single user to another individual user, and corresponds to having post-processing only or a combination of both, if channel state information (CSI) is available at the transmitter side. With the sufficient number of receive antennas it is possible to resolve all data streams, as long as the antennas are sufficiently spaced so as to minimize the correlation between them. Another type of pre-processing for MIMO is commonly referred to as multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) . The approach behind MU-MIMO is similar to spatial multiplexing typically employed in the uplink . Nevertheless, MU-MIMO is normally implemented in the downlink. This allows sending different data streams to different UEs. Using the pre-processing approach, the traditional constraint on spatial multiplexing (where the number of receive antennas must be equal to or higher than the number of transmit antennas) can be reversed. Therefore, the spatial multiplexing concept can be employed in the downlink, where the transmitter (BS) accommodates a high number of transmit antennas and the receiver (UEs) can only accommodate a single or a reduced number of antennas. With this approach, multiple data streams may be sent to multiple users at the same time, all in the same frequency bands. Alternatively, instead of implementing the spatial multiplexing principle described above, the MU-MIMO can also be performed using a beamforming algorithm. One should emphasise that most of the MU-MIMO systems require accurate downlink CSI at the transmitter side.
Chapter 1 of this books starts by exposing the different wireless communication standards that make use of MIMO systems, followed by a description of the various MIMO techniques, being SU-MIMO or MU-MIMO, including space-time coding, spatial multiplexing and beamforming. Finally, chapter 1 ends with the description of advanced MIMO applications, such as base station cooperation, multihop relay, and multi-resolution transmission schemes.
Chapter 2 focuses on the receiver processing associated with MIMO signal detection, and clarifies how spatial multiplexing is achieved via an insightful geometric interpretation of the MIMO detection problem based on lattice theory. The chapter covers the most important detection algorithms and lays the bases for the reader to better understand subsequent chapters on precoding (chapter 3), on OFDM detection (chapter 4) and detection in systems with large antenna arrays (chapter 10).
Chapter 3 tell us that, when CSI is available at the transmitter side, the traditional singular value decomposition combined with water-filling power allocation among the channel’s singular values, applied to spatial multiplexing MIMO, is not optimal. Also capitalizing on a lattice interpretation of the precoding problem, the optimal precoders are derived. The pre-processing associated to MU-MIMO is also described under the same framework in chapter 3, as the only difference is that the receive antennas are not co-located. This latter concept comprises of multiple streams of data simultaneously allocated to different users, using the same frequency bands.
Optimized MIMO schemes and processing for block transmission techniques are described in chapters 4 for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission technique, and in chapter 5 for single carrier - frequency domain equalization (SC-FDE), while chapter 6 presents the MIMO processing and optimization for wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA). Moreover, the description of ultra-wideband (UWB) transmission technique , and the corresponding MIMO processing and optimizations, are provided in chapters 7 and 8. The MIMO optimizations for different transmission techniques include enhanced state-of-the-art receivers, in order to improve the overall system performance, capacity and coverage.
Although, all of these subjects are non-specific to any particular system, chapter 9 focuses on the performance analysis of possible schemes for 4G systems using different combinations of MIMO schemes (SU-MIMO and MU-MIMO) and transmission techniques, cellular environments, relay techniques and services. In order to allow the deployment of the emergent services, such as video broadcast or video-on-demand, the combination of these enhancements is accomplished by adaptive transmission techniques. In chapter 9 the authors combine several of these techniques for the purpose of implementing 4G services. A number of simulation results, obtained using link level and system level simulations is presented, allowing for a comparison between the several different techniques and schemes, and enabling the reader to identify the key factors required by emergent wireless systems.
In the final three chapters the book presents very recent and exciting extensions to MIMO. After more than a decade of research on MIMO detection methods, an efficient way to put in practice a receiver for the 8×8 antenna configuration, as required by the LTE-Advanced standard, is still an issue that manufacturers have to deal with. Chapter 10 shows that recent developments in the detection algorithms (combined with the new nature of the problem when the number of dimensions becomes very high) actually open doors to the use of much larger antenna arrays. Then, in chapters 11 and 12, the very recent concept of “adding bits in the air” (now known as physical layer network coding) is explored and combined in different ways with multiple-antenna terminals. This brings together coding and signal processing in a way that will redefine the design of the physical layer. It seems that many more interesting discoveries in the history of radio communications are still to come.
This book describes transmission schemes suitable for future broadband wireless systems and proposes and studies several advances in transmission techniques and receiver design to support emergent wireless needs for 4G requirements. New requirements include increasing throughputs and bandwidths, increased spectrum efficiency and network capacity, lower delays and round trip times.
4G services require extensive exploitation of advanced schemes such as Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO), base station cooperation, macro-diversity, inter-cell interference cancellation, multihop relay techniques, hierarchical constellations, as well as multi-resolution techniques. All of these principles are studied in this book, and advances are proposed for different propagation and multi-user environments, using block transmission techniques.
"""""
The book starts with a review of the fundamental concepts, requirements, and constraints in networks and telecommunications. It describes channel disturbances that can hinder system performance—including noise, attenuation, distortion, and interferences—and provides transmission techniques for mitigating these limitations. Analyzing both cable and wireless transmission mediums, the book describes the network protocol architecture concept and includes coverage of twisted pairs, coaxial and optical fiber cables, wireless propagation, satellite communications, and terrestrial microwave systems. Facilitating the understanding required to participate in the development of current and next generation networks and services, this comprehensive reference:
Examines the range of network interconnections and WAN/MAN technologies, including synchronous optical networks (SONET), synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH), and third and next generation cellular systems (3G and 4G)
Describes local area network (LAN) theory and technology, including data link layers and virtual LANs
Explores network and transport layers, such as addressing, routing protocols, and IPv4 and IPv6 algorithms
Covers TCP/IP services and applications
Investigates different authentication and cryptographic systems, including digital signature, SSL, TLS, IPSEC, and public key infrastructure
Walking you through the planning, design, and development of multimedia, telecommunications, and networking systems, the book provides a quick and easy way to develop and refine the skills required in the field. It clearly explains the principles and corresponding techniques you need to know to implement network security. The many examples and end-of-chapter questions also make it suitable for undergraduate and graduate-level computer science and electrical engineering courses.""""
Nesta patente é proposto um receptor iterativo denominado Bloco Iterativo – Igualação com Decisão Realimentada (IB-DFE) para o esquema de diversidade de transmissão no espaço e no tempo, aplicável à técnica de Transmissão SC-FDE, usando duas ou quatro antenas de transmissão.
O esquema de transmissão proposto pode ser implementado como fazendo parte de um sistema de comunicações independente direccionado para difusão de informação, como também pode ser implementado como uma adição a um sistema de comunicações móveis já existente.