Centro de Diseño

Six tris(ary1oxy)phosphorothionates substituted in the para position of the aromatic rings were synthesized and studied by "P NMR, X-ray diffraction techniques and ab initio calculations at a RHFl6-31G** leve1 of theory, in order to find the main stmctural factors associated with the s3'P in these compounds. As the electron-withdrawing (EW) ability of the substituents was increased, an 'abnormal'

We have previously reported that sperm histones (SpH) degradation after fertilization is catalyzed by a cystein–protease (SpH-protease). Its inhibition blocks the degradation of SpH in vivo and also aborts sea urchin development at the initial embryonic cell cycles. It remains unknown if this effect is a consequence of the persistence of SpH on zygotic chromatin, or if this protease is involved per-se in the progression of the embryonic cell cycles. To discriminate among these two options we have inhibited this protease at a time when male chromatin remodeling was completed and the embryos were engaged in the second cell cycle of the cleavage divisions. The role of this enzyme in cell cycle was initially analyzed by immuno-inhibiting its SpH degrading activity in one of the two blastomeres after the initial cleavage division, while the other blastomere was used as a control. We found that in the blastomere injected with the anti-SpH-protease antibodies the cytokinesis was arrested, the chromatin failed to decondense after mitosis and BrdU incorporation into DNA was blocked. Since the N-terminal sequence and the SpH protease was homologous to the cathepsin L (Cat L) family of proteases, we subsequently investigated if the deleterious effect of the inhibition of this protease is related to its Cat L activity. In this context we analyzed the effect of Cat L inhibitor I (Z–Phe-Phe–CH2F) on embryonic development. We found that the addition of 100 uM of this inhibitor to the embryos harvested at the time of the initial cleavage division (80 min p.i.) mimics perfectly the effects of the immuno-inhibition of this enzyme obtained by microinjecting the anti-SpH–protease antibodies. Taken together these results indicate that the activity of this protease is required for embryonic cell cycle progression. Interestingly, we observed that when this protease was inhibited the chromatin decondensation after mitosis was abolished indicating that the inhibition of this enzyme affects chromosomes decondensation after mitosis. J. Cell. Physiol. 216: 790–795, 2008, © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

In this work, we prepared chemically sprayed aluminum-doped zinc oxide thin films (ZnO:Al) on soda-lime glass substrates. The films were deposited from a starting solution containing zinc pentanedionate and aluminum pentanedionate. The influence of both the dopant concentration in the starting solution and the substrate temperature on the composition, morphology, and transport properties of the ZnO:Al thin films were studied. The structure of all the ZnO:Al thin films was polycrystalline, and a variation in the preferential growth with the aluminum content in the solution was observed: from an initial (0 0 2) growth in films with low Al content (1-3 at%), switching to a predominance of (1 0 1) planes for heavily dopant regime (5 at%). The crystallite size was found to decrease with doping concentration and ranges from 33 to 20 nm. First-order Raman scattering measurements prove the wurtzite structure C 4 6n in the ZnO:Al films deposited. The assignments of the E 2 mode in ZnO:Al differ from previous investigations. The thin solid film composition, and hence, the dopant concentration were determined by Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES); these results showed that the films are almost stoichiometric ZnO. The optimal deposition conditions leading to conductive and transparent ZnO:Al thin films were also found. In this way a resistivity of 3.0 Â 10 À 2 Ocm with a (0 0 2) preferential growth, were obtained in optimized ZnO:Al thin films.

Paléontologie humaine//1uman P u le on t o logr Microstructure et développement de l'érnail dentaire du néandertalien de Zafartaya, Espagne. Temps de forrnation et hypocalcification de l'émail dentaire Fernando V. Reurnrz-Rozzr Résumé -L'analyse microscopique dss dcnts chez le néanderlalicn dc Ztl'arraya a permis d'obtenir le temps de formation de la seconde moitié dcs couronncs et I'obscrvation des altôrations de l'émail. La seconde moitié des couronnes correspond ii la partic imbricationnellc dcs prémolaires et molaires. Le décompte des périkymaties a été réalisé et un intervalle dc huit striations transversales a été observé entre les stries de Retzius adjacentes. Le tomps dc fonuation dc la seconde moitié dcs couronnes est plus court chez le nêandertalien que chez l'homme actuel, mais il se placerait â l'intéricur de lC variation de celui-ci. proche de li limitc inférieurc. Lc taux tle diffi'rcniiation est élevé dans la partie cervicale. Nos résultats suggèrent un émail plus mincc chez les néandertaliens que celui de I'homme actuel. Les altérations révèlcnt que l'émail était hypocalcifié. Ceci a influencé les étalons d'usure. L'âge individuel attribué au néandcrtalisn de Zafarraya, 25-30 ans, a été alors surestimé.

In this work we propose an alternative method to estimate and visualize the Strain Rate Tensor (SRT) in Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI) when Phase Contrast MRI (PCMRI) and Tagged MRI (TMRI) are not available. This alternative is based on image processing techniques. Concretely, image registration algorithms are used to estimate the movement of the myocardium at each point. Additionally, a consistency checking method is presented to validate the accuracy of the estimates when no golden standard is available. Results prove that the consistency checking method provides an upper bound of the mean squared error of the estimate. Our experiments with real data show that the registration algorithm provides a useful deformation field to estimate the SRT fields. A classification between regional normal and dysfunctional contraction patterns, as compared with experts diagnosis, points out that the parameters extracted from the estimated SRT can represent these patterns. Additionally, a scheme for visualizing and analyzing the local behavior of the SRT field is presented.

In this paper we propose an alternative method to estimate and visualize the Strain Rate Tensor (ST) in Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI) when Phase Contrast MRI (PCMRI) and Tagged MRI (TMRI) are not available. This alternative is based on image processing techniques. Concretely, an elastic image registration algorithm is used to estimate the movement of the myocardium at each point. Our experiments with real data prove that the registration algorithm provides a useful deformation field to estimate the ST fields. A classification between regional normal and dysfunctional contraction patterns, as compared with professional diagnosis, points out that the parameters extracted from the estimated ST can represent these patterns.

Four patients from 3 Saudi Arabian families had delayed onset of immune deficiency due to homozygosity for a novel intronic mutation, g.31701T>A, in the last splice acceptor site of the adenosine deaminase (ADA) gene. Aberrant splicing mutated the last 4 ADA amino acids and added a 43-residue "tail" that rendered the protein unstable. Mutant complementary DNA (cDNA) expressed in Escherichia coli yielded 1% of the ADA activity obtained with wild-type cDNA. The oldest patient, 16 years old at diagnosis, had greater residual immune function and less elevated erythrocyte deoxyadenosine nucleotides than his 4-year-old affected sister. His T cells and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) B cell line had 75% of normal ADA activity and ADA protein of normal size. DNA from these cells and his whole blood possessed 2 mutant ADA alleles. Both carried g.31701T>A, but one had acquired a deletion of the 11 adjacent base pair, g.31702-12, which suppressed aber-rant splicing and excised an unusual purine-rich tract from the wild-type intron 11/exon 12 junction. During ADA replacement therapy, ADA activity in T cells and abundance of the "second-site" revertant allele decreased markedly. This finding raises an important issue relevant to stem cell gene therapy. (Blood. 2002;99: 1005-1013)

P
ara hablar de publicidad lo primero que  debemos  hacer es entender su significado etimológico, el cual proviene de la palabra inglesa Advertising  que  se desprende  del latín “ad verteré” que significa “mover la mente hacia”.

¿Hacia dónde queremos mover la mente de nuestro público objetivo o tarjet?  Interesante pregunta que nos sirve de punto de partida  para entender un poco más del concepto de publicidad.

Además, si hablamos de publicidad sin lugar a dudas debemos pensar en dos aspectos esenciales

Todo comienza con una representación de un día común en la vida de un hombre, simplemente desde que inicia su día se encuentra la publicidad. Desde el televisor, la radio de las noticias y sobre todo su trayecto de ida y regreso del trabajo. Así es como inicia el documental.