Conference Presentations by İlker Gürer
The Hungary in Medieval Europe Research Group at the Department of History, University of Debrece... more The Hungary in Medieval Europe Research Group at the Department of History, University of Debrecen, the Centre for the History of Society and Culture (CHSC) of the University of Coimbra and the Histoire et Cultures de l’Antiquité et du Moyen Âge (HiscAnt-MA) Laboratoire of the University of Lorraine, Nancy are pleased to announce that the interdisciplinary conference on Mercenaries and Crusaders (1202-1480s) will take place 22–24 June 2022, at the University of Debrecen, Hungary.
Crusades and mercenaries were inextricably intertwined throughout the Middle Ages. Mercenaries were employed in and against crusading armies in all major theatres of war from the Middle East to Poland, particularly between 1202 (the siege of Zara/Zadar) and the 1480s (King Matthias Corvinus’ anti-Ottoman ventures). The history of crusades coincides with that of medieval mercenaries. Medieval mercenaries were the only soldiers for and against whom crusades were organised and conducted in the name of the Lord. To bring forward just a few examples, several popes from Innocent VI to Gregory XII tried to find a way out of the predicament caused by the mercenaries in France and Italy. Captains like Sir John Hawkwood or Arnaud de Cervole were often either excommunicated or recruited in the crusading enterprises in the 1360s. Amadeus VI, the Green Count of Savoy employed mercenaries in his crusade of Gallipoli. The Teutonic order recruited mercenaries from Bohemia, Silesia, and even from the West.
Papers by İlker Gürer
SZTE Chronica , 2024
The focus of the study is the Mongol diplomatic and military tactics during the invasion of the H... more The focus of the study is the Mongol diplomatic and military tactics during the invasion of the Hungarian Kingdom in 1241-1242. The Mongols formed a characteristic art of war in the campaigns of the first half of the 13th century. The general elements of Mongol warfare and their military strategies and tactics can be identified in the campaign against the Hungarian Kingdom. Those elements are discussed in this paper.
The Mongol Invasion of Hungary stands as a pivotal event in European History. Subedei, a preemine... more The Mongol Invasion of Hungary stands as a pivotal event in European History. Subedei, a preeminent Mongol general, played a critical role in its execution. This paper explores Subedei's strategic genius and its profound impact on the success of the invasion. Subedei was one of Chinggis Khan's most renowned generals. The Mongol campaign profoundly impacted Central and Eastern European history and was a testament to Subedei's leadership and military experience. His contributions were instrumental in the success of Mongol expansion to European territories. This chapter in Subedei's career is a testament to his strategic brilliance and his ability to adapt to new environments and challenges. Subedei renowned for his innovative and adaptable military tactics, spearheaded the Mongol forces with remarkable precision and efficiency. His ability to orchestrate complex maneuvers, such as the famous feigned retreats, bewildered the European armies and exploited their vulnerabilities. Subedei's strategic foresight was evident in his meticulous planning and coordination of the invasion. He leveraged extensive reconnaissance to gather intelligence on the Hungarian forces and the geographical landscape, which enabled the Mongols to navigate and exploit the terrain to their advantage. The battle of Muhi a decisive encounter during the invasion, exemplifies Subedei's tactical prowess. By executing a multi-pronged assault and utilizing superior mobility. Subedei managed to encircle and decimate the Hungarian army, leading to a catastrophic defeat for them. Moreover, his extended role beyond battlefield tactics to include strategically dismantling Hungarian defenses and infrastructure.
DergiPark (Istanbul University), Oct 11, 2023
Fransız tarihçi Marie Favereau, alanında doçent doktor ünvanına sahiptir. Paris Nanterre Üniversi... more Fransız tarihçi Marie Favereau, alanında doçent doktor ünvanına sahiptir. Paris Nanterre Üniversitesinde öğretim görevlisi olarak çalışmaktadır. The Horde: How the Mongols Changed the World adlı çalışması, Harvard Üniversitesi Yayınevi, Massachusetts Cambridge'te (ABD) ve Londra'da (İngiltere) Belknap Yayınevi tarafından, 2021 yılında İngilizce olarak yayımlanmıştır. Eser, sekiz ana başlıkla beraber son söz bölümü içermektedir. Ana başlık isimleri; "The Resilience of the Felt-Walled Tents", "Into the West", "New Hordes", "The Great Mutation", "The Mongol Exchange", "The Northern Road", "Withdrawal" ve "Younger Bothers"tır. Son söz kısmının başlığı ise "The Horde's Mirror"dır. Kitap, Altın Orda Devleti'ni incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Altın Orda Devleti; Cengiz Han'ın büyük oğlu Cuci'nin ikinci oğlu Batu Han tarafından düzenlenen, Moğolların batı seferinden sonra 1242'de kurulmuştur. Bu kitap, Orda'yı kendi terimleriyle incelemeyi; yüzyıllar boyunca gelişen, uyum sağlayan ve dönüşen bu rejimin göçebe karakterini korurken nasıl ortaya çıktığını kavramayı amaçlamaktadır. Alışılagelmiş Batılı Moğol tarihçiliğinin aksine Favereau, Moğolların batı seferlerini, Avrupa medeniyetlerini yıkmaya çalışan bir dizi saldırı olarak nitelendirmez. Aksine, bozkırın kontrolü için sınır bölgelerinin güvenliğini sağlamak üzere yapılmış harekâtlar olarak değerlendirir. Favereau; "Cengiz Han'ın büyük bir savaşçı ve stratejist olduğunu lakin, bozkır dünyasını yeniden şekillendirmesi ve kalıcı düzen kurması açısından az takdir edildiği" düşüncesini yansıtmaktadır, bu düşünce yapısı üzerinden kitabını şekillendirmeye devam edecektir.
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Conference Presentations by İlker Gürer
Crusades and mercenaries were inextricably intertwined throughout the Middle Ages. Mercenaries were employed in and against crusading armies in all major theatres of war from the Middle East to Poland, particularly between 1202 (the siege of Zara/Zadar) and the 1480s (King Matthias Corvinus’ anti-Ottoman ventures). The history of crusades coincides with that of medieval mercenaries. Medieval mercenaries were the only soldiers for and against whom crusades were organised and conducted in the name of the Lord. To bring forward just a few examples, several popes from Innocent VI to Gregory XII tried to find a way out of the predicament caused by the mercenaries in France and Italy. Captains like Sir John Hawkwood or Arnaud de Cervole were often either excommunicated or recruited in the crusading enterprises in the 1360s. Amadeus VI, the Green Count of Savoy employed mercenaries in his crusade of Gallipoli. The Teutonic order recruited mercenaries from Bohemia, Silesia, and even from the West.
Papers by İlker Gürer
Crusades and mercenaries were inextricably intertwined throughout the Middle Ages. Mercenaries were employed in and against crusading armies in all major theatres of war from the Middle East to Poland, particularly between 1202 (the siege of Zara/Zadar) and the 1480s (King Matthias Corvinus’ anti-Ottoman ventures). The history of crusades coincides with that of medieval mercenaries. Medieval mercenaries were the only soldiers for and against whom crusades were organised and conducted in the name of the Lord. To bring forward just a few examples, several popes from Innocent VI to Gregory XII tried to find a way out of the predicament caused by the mercenaries in France and Italy. Captains like Sir John Hawkwood or Arnaud de Cervole were often either excommunicated or recruited in the crusading enterprises in the 1360s. Amadeus VI, the Green Count of Savoy employed mercenaries in his crusade of Gallipoli. The Teutonic order recruited mercenaries from Bohemia, Silesia, and even from the West.