Messianic expectations in the Old Testament The New Testament is connected to the Old Testament i... more Messianic expectations in the Old Testament The New Testament is connected to the Old Testament in a number of different ways. It is not unusual to find the word "messianic" used to categorise all the different ways in which the writers of the New Testament find Christ (and, similarly, Jewish sources of the Second Temple Period later find the future Messiah) in the Old Testament, or to identify the specific passages in the Old Testament which are now seen to point to Christ/the Messiah. In this article I argue that, if one wants to be able to appreciate the diversity, one should abandon this indiscriminate use of the word "messianic". After a brief discussion of the meaning and use of the Hebrew word xyvm in the Old Testament, I propose a definition of the phrase "messianic expectations" (expectations focusing on a future royal figure sent by Godsomeone who will bring salvation to God's people and the world and establish a kingdom characterised by features such as peace and justice). Subsequently, the origin of these expectations is located as in the proclamation of the eighth-century prophets (Amos, Isaiah and Micah). Finally, one special category of messianic expectations, that is, messianic expectations in the Books of the Psalms, is dealt with.
The New Testament is connected to the Old Testament in a number of different ways. It is not unus... more The New Testament is connected to the Old Testament in a number of different ways. It is not unusual to find the word "messianic" used to categorise all the different ways in which the writers of the New Testament find Christ (and, similarly, Jewish sources of the Second Temple Period later find the future Messiah) in the Old Testament, or to identify the specific passages in the Old Testament which are now seen to point to Christ/the Messiah. In this article I argue that, if one wants to be able to appreciate the diversity, one should abandon this indiscriminate use of the word "messianic". After a brief discussion of the meaning and use of the Hebrew word xyvm in the Old Testament, I propose a definition of the phrase "messianic expectations" (expectations focusing on a future royal figure sent by God - someone who will bring salvation to God's people and the world and establish a kingdom characterised by features such as peace and justice). Subsequently, the origin of these expectations is located as in the proclamation of the eighth-century prophets (Amos, Isaiah and Micah). Finally, one special category of messianic expectations, that is, messianic expectations in the Books of the Psalms, is dealt with.
... With the apostle Paul I say, xi 8e eyjEic, 6 ovk eXafieq. And with David I say: nx: -jrca mam... more ... With the apostle Paul I say, xi 8e eyjEic, 6 ovk eXafieq. And with David I say: nx: -jrca mam -ps-nx mnnfe S2ls □"n mx 'acmn Wolter Rose Theologische Universiteit van de Gereformeerde Kerken in Nederland Broederweg, Kampen 2000 Page 11. ...
This thesis examines (1) the identity of the coming ruler who is given the name Zemah ,צמח( usu... more This thesis examines (1) the identity of the coming ruler who is given the name Zemah ,צמח( usually translated 'the Branch'), the main character in the צמח oracles (Zc. 3:8 and 6:9-15) in the visions in Zechariah 1-6, and (2) the nature of the expectations set on this figure. It is argued that a wrong translation of the word צמח is one of the factors that has led to flawed interpretation of these oracles. The real meaning of ,צמח 'vegetation, greenery, growth', implies that the background for the interpretation of the צמח oracles in Zechariah should not be found in the plant imagery of Isaiah 11:1 (where different terminology and different imagery is used). The use of the צמח imagery in Zechariah 3:8 and 6:12-13 is analogous to that found in Jeremiah 23:5, where in a time of collapse of the monarchy the same צמח imagery is used to evoke the idea of an intervention by YHWH as the only means for guaranteeing the restoration of the monarchy. In this scenario, 'David' will not contribute, but only receive. The adjective צדיק in Jeremiah 23:5 does not raise the issue of legitimacy, as has often been claimed, but has the usual meaning 'righteous', an interpretation that can be supported from the context of the passage. The claim that there are many examples of NorthWest Semitic ådq meaning 'legitimate' is tested and found seriously wanting. The choice of the word צמח as the name of the coming ruler, a name with a distinctive message, combined with other features, such as the crowning of Joshua rather than Zerubbabel, and the consistent future reference of the coming of Zemah, make an identification of Zemah with Zerubbabel untenable. Only an identification of Zemah
The New Testament is connected to the Old Testament in a number of different ways. It is not unus... more The New Testament is connected to the Old Testament in a number of different ways. It is not unusual to find the word “messianic” used to categorise all the different ways in which the writers of the New Testament find Christ (and, similarly, Jewish sources of the Second Temple Period later find the future Messiah) in the Old Testament, or to identify the specific passages in the Old Testament which are now seen to point to Christ/the Messiah. In this article I argue that, if one wants to be able to appreciate the diversity, one should abandon this indiscriminate use of the word “messianic”. After a brief discussion of the meaning and use of the Hebrew word xyvm in the Old Testament, I propose a definition of the phrase “messianic expectations” (expectations focusing on a future royal figure sent by God – someone who will bring salvation to God’s people and the world and establish a kingdom characterised by features such as peace and justice). Subsequently, the origin of these expec...
It has often been argued that Zerubbabel, the Jewish governor of Yehud at the time of the rebuild... more It has often been argued that Zerubbabel, the Jewish governor of Yehud at the time of the rebuilding of the temple (late 6th century BCE), was viewed by the prophets Haggai and Zechariah as the new king in the line of David. In this new study, Rose offers a contrary proposal for the interpretation of the oracles in Haggai 2 and Zechariah 3 and 6. He traces their background in the pre-exilic prophets, pays special attention to often neglected details of semantics and metaphor, and concludes that neither Haggai nor Zechariah designated Zerubbabel as the new king in Jerusalem. Instead, the oracles in Zechariah 3 and 6 should be seen as fully messianic.
After a brief discussion of the meaning and use of the Hebrew word משׁיח in the Old Testament, I p... more After a brief discussion of the meaning and use of the Hebrew word משׁיח in the Old Testament, I propose a definition of the phrase “messianic expectations” (expectations focusing on a future royal figure sent by God – someone who will bring salvation to God’s people and the world and establish a kingdom characterised by features such as peace and justice). Subsequently, the origin of these expectations is located as in the proclamation of the eighth-century prophets (Amos, Isaiah and Micah). Finally, one special category of messianic expectations, that is, messianic expectations in the Books of the Psalms, is dealt with.
Messianic expectations in the Old Testament The New Testament is connected to the Old Testament i... more Messianic expectations in the Old Testament The New Testament is connected to the Old Testament in a number of different ways. It is not unusual to find the word "messianic" used to categorise all the different ways in which the writers of the New Testament find Christ (and, similarly, Jewish sources of the Second Temple Period later find the future Messiah) in the Old Testament, or to identify the specific passages in the Old Testament which are now seen to point to Christ/the Messiah. In this article I argue that, if one wants to be able to appreciate the diversity, one should abandon this indiscriminate use of the word "messianic". After a brief discussion of the meaning and use of the Hebrew word xyvm in the Old Testament, I propose a definition of the phrase "messianic expectations" (expectations focusing on a future royal figure sent by Godsomeone who will bring salvation to God's people and the world and establish a kingdom characterised by features such as peace and justice). Subsequently, the origin of these expectations is located as in the proclamation of the eighth-century prophets (Amos, Isaiah and Micah). Finally, one special category of messianic expectations, that is, messianic expectations in the Books of the Psalms, is dealt with.
The New Testament is connected to the Old Testament in a number of different ways. It is not unus... more The New Testament is connected to the Old Testament in a number of different ways. It is not unusual to find the word "messianic" used to categorise all the different ways in which the writers of the New Testament find Christ (and, similarly, Jewish sources of the Second Temple Period later find the future Messiah) in the Old Testament, or to identify the specific passages in the Old Testament which are now seen to point to Christ/the Messiah. In this article I argue that, if one wants to be able to appreciate the diversity, one should abandon this indiscriminate use of the word "messianic". After a brief discussion of the meaning and use of the Hebrew word xyvm in the Old Testament, I propose a definition of the phrase "messianic expectations" (expectations focusing on a future royal figure sent by God - someone who will bring salvation to God's people and the world and establish a kingdom characterised by features such as peace and justice). Subsequently, the origin of these expectations is located as in the proclamation of the eighth-century prophets (Amos, Isaiah and Micah). Finally, one special category of messianic expectations, that is, messianic expectations in the Books of the Psalms, is dealt with.
... With the apostle Paul I say, xi 8e eyjEic, 6 ovk eXafieq. And with David I say: nx: -jrca mam... more ... With the apostle Paul I say, xi 8e eyjEic, 6 ovk eXafieq. And with David I say: nx: -jrca mam -ps-nx mnnfe S2ls □"n mx 'acmn Wolter Rose Theologische Universiteit van de Gereformeerde Kerken in Nederland Broederweg, Kampen 2000 Page 11. ...
This thesis examines (1) the identity of the coming ruler who is given the name Zemah ,צמח( usu... more This thesis examines (1) the identity of the coming ruler who is given the name Zemah ,צמח( usually translated 'the Branch'), the main character in the צמח oracles (Zc. 3:8 and 6:9-15) in the visions in Zechariah 1-6, and (2) the nature of the expectations set on this figure. It is argued that a wrong translation of the word צמח is one of the factors that has led to flawed interpretation of these oracles. The real meaning of ,צמח 'vegetation, greenery, growth', implies that the background for the interpretation of the צמח oracles in Zechariah should not be found in the plant imagery of Isaiah 11:1 (where different terminology and different imagery is used). The use of the צמח imagery in Zechariah 3:8 and 6:12-13 is analogous to that found in Jeremiah 23:5, where in a time of collapse of the monarchy the same צמח imagery is used to evoke the idea of an intervention by YHWH as the only means for guaranteeing the restoration of the monarchy. In this scenario, 'David' will not contribute, but only receive. The adjective צדיק in Jeremiah 23:5 does not raise the issue of legitimacy, as has often been claimed, but has the usual meaning 'righteous', an interpretation that can be supported from the context of the passage. The claim that there are many examples of NorthWest Semitic ådq meaning 'legitimate' is tested and found seriously wanting. The choice of the word צמח as the name of the coming ruler, a name with a distinctive message, combined with other features, such as the crowning of Joshua rather than Zerubbabel, and the consistent future reference of the coming of Zemah, make an identification of Zemah with Zerubbabel untenable. Only an identification of Zemah
The New Testament is connected to the Old Testament in a number of different ways. It is not unus... more The New Testament is connected to the Old Testament in a number of different ways. It is not unusual to find the word “messianic” used to categorise all the different ways in which the writers of the New Testament find Christ (and, similarly, Jewish sources of the Second Temple Period later find the future Messiah) in the Old Testament, or to identify the specific passages in the Old Testament which are now seen to point to Christ/the Messiah. In this article I argue that, if one wants to be able to appreciate the diversity, one should abandon this indiscriminate use of the word “messianic”. After a brief discussion of the meaning and use of the Hebrew word xyvm in the Old Testament, I propose a definition of the phrase “messianic expectations” (expectations focusing on a future royal figure sent by God – someone who will bring salvation to God’s people and the world and establish a kingdom characterised by features such as peace and justice). Subsequently, the origin of these expec...
It has often been argued that Zerubbabel, the Jewish governor of Yehud at the time of the rebuild... more It has often been argued that Zerubbabel, the Jewish governor of Yehud at the time of the rebuilding of the temple (late 6th century BCE), was viewed by the prophets Haggai and Zechariah as the new king in the line of David. In this new study, Rose offers a contrary proposal for the interpretation of the oracles in Haggai 2 and Zechariah 3 and 6. He traces their background in the pre-exilic prophets, pays special attention to often neglected details of semantics and metaphor, and concludes that neither Haggai nor Zechariah designated Zerubbabel as the new king in Jerusalem. Instead, the oracles in Zechariah 3 and 6 should be seen as fully messianic.
After a brief discussion of the meaning and use of the Hebrew word משׁיח in the Old Testament, I p... more After a brief discussion of the meaning and use of the Hebrew word משׁיח in the Old Testament, I propose a definition of the phrase “messianic expectations” (expectations focusing on a future royal figure sent by God – someone who will bring salvation to God’s people and the world and establish a kingdom characterised by features such as peace and justice). Subsequently, the origin of these expectations is located as in the proclamation of the eighth-century prophets (Amos, Isaiah and Micah). Finally, one special category of messianic expectations, that is, messianic expectations in the Books of the Psalms, is dealt with.
A volume (in Dutch) of articles published between 1995-2020, in four sections: I. Zechariah and t... more A volume (in Dutch) of articles published between 1995-2020, in four sections: I. Zechariah and the King; II Hebrew Language; III Gospel and Sexual Diversity; IV The Gospel of Gods Glory
A late Festschrift for Professor Jan P. Lettinga (1921), presented to him on 24 May 2018 (a dummy... more A late Festschrift for Professor Jan P. Lettinga (1921), presented to him on 24 May 2018 (a dummy based on the first proofs) and published on 9 August in the series Oudtestamentische Studiën. With a biographical sketch and bibliography of Lettinga, and contributions by K.R. Veenhof, W.H.Ph. Römer, T. Muraoka, W.Th. van Peursen & M.F.J. Baasten, W.H. Rose, K. van Bekkum, W.A.M. Beuken, J. Dekker, H.G.L. Peels, G. Kwakkel, J.J.T. Doedens.
Hereby the contents and the pre-proof version of the biographical chapter.
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Hereby the contents and the pre-proof version of the biographical chapter.