When You Are Old by William Butler Yeats
When you are old and grey and full of sleep,
And nodding by the fire, take down this book,
And slowly read, and dream of the soft look
Your eyes had once, and of their shadows deep;
How many loved your moments of glad grace,
And loved your beauty with love false or true,
But one man loved the pilgrim soul in you,
And loved the sorrows of your changing face;
And bending down beside the glowing bars,
Murmur, a little sadly, how Love fled
And paced upon the mountains overhead
And hid his face amid a crowd of stars.
|
W B Yeats Maude Gonne |
This
lovely, simple poem can be enjoyed without analysis. Its merits are not buried
deeply or hidden from the reader but, being me, I am going to offer some
analysis anyway.
The
themes of the poem, I would suggest, are growing old, the passing of time and,
slightly less obviously, unrequited love.
The
speaker of the poem, whose voice we hear, is directly addressing the lady he
loves and asking her to think of a future when she has lost her looks and is
“old and grey and full of sleep”. The third line of the second stanza tells us
that “one man loved the pilgrim soul in you”. We learn in the third and final
stanza where the personification of Love has “fled” – that he has been
rejected.
The
poet has used some symbolism (where the words don’t have their literal meaning
but stand for something else). For example when Yeats writes “take down this
book and dream” book is a symbol for reading someone’s
face. Also “mountains overhead” and “crowd
of stars” stand for things that she knows exist but cannot be reached.
This poem was
published in W B Yeat’s second collection of poetry in 1893 it is actually
based upon a 16th century French sonnet. The lady being addressed was the Irish
actress Maud Gonne with whom he had a relationship.
You
may find further symbolism within.
I'm listening to Michael Nesmith's version of his own song Different Drum. It's still the best one despite many covers including Linda Ronstadt with the Stone Poneys and PP Arnold. Have a listen here.