Department of Political Science

Presented article deals with the neo-fascist movement CasaPound Italia, which presents the modern expression of extreme right and with its ideological and strategic particularities creates an exclusive project within the extreme right environment. The aim of the article is to describe CasaPound´s ideology, issues and strategy and outline the influence of its ideas and strategy in other countries including the Slovak republic. We conclude that CPI´s aim to attract the public and build the totalitarian fascist society is supported by its network of institutions, which help people in need or offer them leisure activities. Although CPI´s electoral support is actually very low, influence of the movement due to effective political and communicative strategy rises, what is corroborated by its international cooperation within the Europe. There are some active supporters of CasaPound concept also in the Slovak republic, primarily in association Slovenská pospolitosť.

The article deals with development of unofficial right-wing extremist scene in Slovakia since 1989. This scene is represented by non-registered and loosely organized youth groups with activist (militant) strategies and extremist ideology. The article describes and analyzes the formation and activities of main groups considered as right-wing extremist, e.g. National resistance, Autonomous nationalism, Resistance Action Group or Slovak Recruits and tries to find the organizational, strategic or ideological patterns of their identity and activities. It seems that the most effective organization model in right-wing extremist scene is the cooperation of registered political party or civic movement with unofficial grassroots groups which are able to utilize their activism to get the needed electoral support for their associates with political ambitions.

Presented paper deals with attitudes of Slovak far right party Kotleba – People´s party Our Slovakia to Ukrainian crisis and conflict in this territory. The aim of this article is to find out, how popular is this issue in public expressions of the party and to identify the background of its attitude. Quantitative content analysis of more than 100 articles on its official channels and qualitative content analysis of articles dealing with Ukrainian crisis brought some interesting findings that contradict general thought about this party. First, Kotleba´s party did pay just very little attention to this issue. Second, party´s positive attitude to Russia is just an instrument of its hostility to European Union, NATO and US. Interpretation of Ukrainian crisis by K-ĽSNS stems primarily from its resistance to supranational organizations and US.

The paper deals with Slovak far right political parties and their suggested solutions of Roma issue in parliamentary elections 2016. Two relevant parties are analysed-" The Slovak National Party " (SNS) and " Kotleba – People´s party Our Slovakia " (LSNS). The paper examines and compares the electoral manifestos 2012 and 2016 and also official expressions of party´s leaders on their official websites or social network profiles. As concluded, there is a significant difference between campaign of SNS in 2012 and 2016, as the party has changed their aggressive rhetoric against Roma people and actually does not offer any radical ideas or proposals in this matter. On the other side, LSNS keeps in using anti-Roma agenda in their campaigns; it does not refine the rhetoric or radical ideas and proposals. These findings help to understand the difference between two main far right parties in the Slovak republic and explain the different motivations of their voters.

Voľné pokračovanie učebnice z roku 2017 je zamerané na rozpoznávanie nenávistných a extrémistických prejavov medzi žiakmi. Ivan Moravčík, psychológ z Centra pedagogicko-psychologického poradenstva a prevencie, sa v prvých kapitolách venuje zmene verbálneho prejavu jedinca v procese radikalizácie (1. kapitola) a tiež zmene jeho správania (2. kapitola). Metodickým cieľom oboch kapitol je previazať teoretické poznatky k problematike s mnohoročnou skúsenosťou autora počas práce s rizikovou mládežou, čo ústí do praxou overených rád ohľadne rozpoznávania verbálnych prejavov radikalizujúcich sa žiakov.
Tretia kapitola, ktorej autorom je politológ Pavol Struhár, sa zaoberá neverbálnymi prejavmi zradikalizovaných jedincov, pričom obsah kapitoly je zameraný primárne na symboliku, vzhľad a oblečenie aktuálne využívaných extrémistickou scénou. Cieľom kapitoly je priblížiť aktuálne diskusie k téme postihovania extrémistickej symboliky a predstaviť najčastejšie používané symboly, naznačujúce inklináciu žiakov k nenávistným ideológiám a hnutiam. Autor kapitoly má zároveň ambíciu usmerniť pracovníka s mládežou pri rozpoznávaní neverbálnych prejavov tak, aby dokázal odhaliť podozrivé neverbálne prejavy jedinca včas, čo mu následne umožňuje intervenovať už v počiatočnej fáze radikalizácie.

The paper deals with Slovak far right political parties and their suggested solutions of Roma issue in parliamentary elections 2016. Two relevant parties are analysed “The Slovak National Party” (SNS) and “Kotleba – People ́s party Our Slovakia” (LSNS). The paper examines and compares the electoral manifestos 2012 and 2016 and also official expressions of party ́s leaders on their official websites or social network profiles. As concluded, there is a significant difference between campaign of SNS in 2012 and 2016, as the party has changed their aggressive rhetoric against Roma people and actually does not offer any radical ideas or proposals in this matter. On the other side, LSNS keeps in using anti-Roma agenda in their campaigns; it does not refine the rhetoric or radical ideas and proposals. These findings help to understand the difference between two main far right parties in the Slovak republic and explain the different motivations of their voters.

Predkladaná publikácia Príklady dobrej praxe v oblasti prevencie radikalizácie v školskom prostredí voľne nadväzuje na naše predchádzajúce publikácie „Prevencia nenávistných a extrémistických prejavov v školskom prostredí“ (2017) a „Rozpoznávanie nenávistných a extrémistických prejavov v prostredí mládeže“ (2019). Tentokrát sme sa rozhodli pedagógov, (školských) psychológov, vychovávateľov, sociálnych pedagógov či pracovníkov inšpirovať príkladmi z praxe, či už zo Slovenska alebo zahraničia. Kniha má za cieľ pomôcť v každodennej práci, preto rozsiahle teoretické state nahradili skôr praktické informácie a poznatky, skúsenosti z iných krajín či odporúčania odborníkov na extrémizmus a jeho prevenciu.

Slovak-Hungarian relations have long been burdened by
traumas from the past and are further complicated by the significant
Hungarian minority in southern Slovakia. The causes of the disputes
lie not only in the past, but are also continuously created by nationalist
politicians on both sides of the border with irresponsible statements
that revive mutual enmity in parts of both societies. These lead to new
grievances and both societies end up in a never-ending cycle of
hostility. Part of this process are hostile expressions of spectators
during matches between the national football teams of both states. The
aim of this article is to analyze the influence of relations between
Slovak and Hungarian governments on the form and intensity of hostile
expressions of spectators at football matches between Slovakia and
Hungary. First, we try to characterize the individual phases of relations
between Slovakia and Hungary on the basis of important events, the
composition of governments and their relations. We also add some
other contextual information, such as the rhetoric of the extreme right
in both countries regarding their neighbors. Subsequently, we also
characterize the course of individual matches and the manifestations
of hostility in them, and based on this, we try to assess the influence of
the specific state of relations between the governments at the time of
the matches on the manifestations of hostility in them. We conclude
that this effect is relatively weak, as the matches took place during
friendlier periods of intergovernmental relations, and yet significant
hostile acts occurred on both sides of spectators. This has happened
several times and in different decades. We claim that other, longer-
term factors will have an impact here, rather than the current relations
between governments.

The paper deals with the political science dimension of football hooliganism research. Its aim is, using general scientific methods (e.g. analysis, abstraction or similarity), to clarify the political dimension of football hooliganism and to demonstrate the connection between politics or ideology and the behavior or activities of football hooligans. The content of the paper shows, that the link between politics and football
hooligans can be identified in shaping the identity of hooligan groups or justifying the specific behavior and actions of members (e.g. racism, anti-Semitism, etc.). The similarity of political radicals or extremists lies mainly in the harmony of principles, ideas and values, such as authoritarianism, a positive attitude towards violence or resistance to political establishment.

Slovakia and thus outline possible topics of discussion on changes in its legislative or institutional background. Analysis of official documents of relevant actors shows that legislative, policy and institutional setting have been modified in recent years, but with no reliable results yet.

Publikácia ponúka zistenia o vývoji aktívneho fanúšikovstva na Slovensku od pádu komunistického režimu v roku 1989 a objasňuje tiež jeho súčasnú podobu. Opisuje organizáciu skupín ultras fanúšikov, resp. chuligánov, ich vnútorné normy a procesy, a zároveň odhaľuje ideologický profil, politické postoje, štýl, kolektívnu identitu, správanie, komunikáciu aktívnych fanúšikov. Venuje sa tiež intenzite a forme využívaného násilia. Významné poznatky sa týkajú politickej a občianskej participácie aktívnych fanúšikov (resp. chuligánov), ktoré majú prínos pre výskum a aplikačnú prax aj mimo prostredia športu, či už z hľadiska skúmania občianskej spoločnosti alebo prevencie nenávistných, extrémistických či násilných prejavov.

Enormne topenie sladsieho arktickeho morskeho ľadu a gronskeho ľadovca prinasa v posledných rokoch necakane zmeny v severnom Atlantiku - vedci coraz viac upriamuju pozornosť na najvacsiu klimaticku anomaliu zapornej teploty na severnej pologuli, tvoriacu v severnom Atlantiku. Voda zo sladkeho topiaceho sa ľadu zo severných sirok vytlaca od severu teplejsi Golfský prud smerom na juh oveľa výraznejsie, ako predpovedali klimaticke modely este nedavno. Vďaka otepľujucej sa Arktide, no aj vďaka prispevku posunu chladnejsich oceanskych povrchových vod na juh, sa navyse sa nad severným Atlantikom hromadia studene vzduchove hmoty. Ďalej na juh sa preto presuva, najma na jeseň (po maxime topenia arktickeho a gronskeho ľadu), aj frontalna zona, co v jesenných mesiacoch prinasa v posledných rokoch coraz castejsie ochladenia v Europe. Nedavne studie odhaľuju, že v najbližsich desaťrociach už može byť letna Arktida bez ľadu a zaporna klimaticka anomalia može výrazne ovplyvniť už aj europske zimy...