Tingnan ang wikitext ng Homo floresiensis

{{Italic title}}{{Taxobox | name=''Homo floresiensis''
| fossil_range = {{fossilrange|0.094|0.013|94–13 Ka}}
| image=Homo floresiensis.jpg
| image_alt=Skull with associated mandible.
| image_caption=Isang bungo ng ''Homo floresiensis'', mula sa [[American Museum of Natural History]]
| classification_status=disputed
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
| classis = [[Mammal]]ia
| ordo = [[Primate]]s
| familia = [[Hominidae]]
| tribus = [[Hominini]]
| genus = ''[[Homo (genus)|Homo]]''
| species = [[ekstinto|{{extinct}}]]'''''H. floresiensis'''''
| binomial = †''Homo floresiensis''
| binomial_authority = Brown et al., 2004
| range_map = ID - Flores.PNG
| range_map_width = 
| range_map_caption = [[Flores]] sa Indonesia, naka-pula
}}

Ang '''''Homo floresiensis''''' ("Taong Flores" na pinalayawang "hobbit" at "Flo") ay isang [[ekstinto]]ng espesye ng [[Homo|genus na homo]].Natuklasan ito noong 2003 sa isla ng Flores sa [[Indonesia]]. Ang mga hindi kumpletong kalansay ng mga 9 na indibidwal ay nakuha kabilang ang isang kumpletong bungo.<ref name="Brown04">Brown ''et al.'' 2004</ref><ref name = "Morwood05">Morwood, Brown ''et al.'' 2005</ref>  Ang [[hominin]] na ito ay kapansin-pansin para sa maliit nitong katawan at [[utak]]. Posibleng ito ay nabuhay hanggang noong mga 12,000 taon na ang nakalipas.<ref name="Morwood04">Morwood, Soejono ''et al.'' 2004</ref>. Ang mga nakuhang bagay katabi ng mga labing ito ang mga kasangkapang bato na mula   94,000 hanggang 13,000 taon ang nakaraan.

Ang mga nakatuklas nito na sina Mike Morwood at mga kasamahan nito ay nagmungkahi na ang mga iba't ibang mga katangian nito na parehong primitibo at hinalaw ay tumutukoy sa mga indibidwal na ito bilang kabilang sa isang bagong species na ''H. floresiensis'' sa loob ng tribo ng [[Hominini]].<ref name="Brown04"/><ref name="Morwood04"/>  Iminungkahi rin ng mga nakatuklas nito na ang ''H. floresiensis'' ay kasabay na nabuhay ng mga [[Homo sapiens]] sa Flores.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2010/feb/21/hobbit-rewriting-history-human-race|title=How a hobbit is rewriting the history of the human race|last=McKie|first=Robin|date=February 21, 2010|work=The Guardian|accessdate=February 23, 2010}}</ref>

[[Talaksan:Homo floresiensis cave.jpg|thumb|250px|Ang kweba sa kapuluan ng [[Flores]] kung saan natuklasan ang mga specimen nito]]

Ang mga alinlangan na ang mga labi nito ay bumubuo ng isang bagong species ay madaling isinaad ng paleontologong Indonesian na si [[Teuku Jacob]] na nagmungkahing ang bungo ng LB1 ay ng isang [[microcephaly|mikrosepalikong]] modernong tao.  Ang dalawang pag-aaral ng mga paleontologong sina [[Dean Falk]] at ang kanyang mga kasamahan (2005, 2007) ay tumakwil sa posibilidad na ito.<ref name = "Falk05">Falk ''et al.'' 2005</ref><ref name = Falk2007>Falk ''et al.'' 2007</ref><ref>''FSU News'' 2007</ref> Ang pag-aaral nina Falk ''et al''. (2005) ay itinakwil nina Martin ''et al''. (2006) at Jacob ''et al''. (2006) ngunit ipinagtanggol nina  Morwood (2005) at Argue, Donlon ''et al''. (2006). Siniyasat ng morpologong si Jungers ang bungo at nagsaad na ang kalansay ay hindi nagpapakita ng anumang bakas ng sakit.

Ang dalawang mga pag-aaral na ortopediko na inilimbag noong 2007 ay nagmumungkahi ng ebidensiya na sumusuporta sa mga labing ito bilang may katayuang species na H. floresiensis..<ref name=Tocheri2007>Tocheri ''et al.'' 2007</ref><ref name="NS_20Sept">''New Scientist'' 2007-09-20</ref><ref name = Larson2007>Larson ''et al.'' 2007 ([https://netfiles.uiuc.edu/ro/www/BiologicalAnthropologyJournalClub/Larson%20et%20al.,%202007.pdf?uniq=vvve70 preprint online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613054424/https://netfiles.uiuc.edu/ro/www/BiologicalAnthropologyJournalClub/Larson%20et%20al.%2C%202007.pdf?uniq=vvve70 |date=2011-06-13 }})</ref><ref>''Guardian'' 2007-09-21</ref>  Noong 2009, ang publikasyon ng pagsisisyasat na [[kladistika|kladistiko]] at pag-aaral ng mga komparatibong sukat ng katawan ay karagdagan pang sumusuporta na ang ''H. floresiensis'' at ''[[Homo sapiens]]'' ay hiwalay na mga species.<ref name="Argue2009">Argue, Morwood ''et al.'' 2009</ref><ref name="Jun_Baab">Jungers and Baab 2009</ref>

Natagpuan sa isang pag-aaral(2013) na gumamit ng mga 3-D geometric morphometrics na ang LB1 ay nagpapakita ng mas malaking mga apinidad sa sampol ng fossil ng tao kesa sa mga may sakit na modernong tao. Ang mga karagdagan pang katangian nito ay eksklusibong nag-uugnay ng LB1 sa fossil na [[Homo]].<ref>http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/07/130710182420.htm</ref> Ang H. floresiensis ay maaaring nag-ebolb mula sa [[Homo erectus]] ayon sa pag-aaral ng mga siyentipikong Hapones.<ref>http://royalsociety.org/news/2013/homo-floresiensis/</ref> Iminungkahi nina Brown et al. na ang [[Homo erectus]] ay nag-ebolb tungo sa isang mas maliit na katawan dahil sa kapaligiran na may limitadong pagkain sa pamamagitan ng [[insular dwarfism]]<ref name="Brown04" /> na isang anyo ng [[speciation]] na napagmasdan sa ibang mga species sa islang Flores kabilang ang ilang mga species ng proboscidean genus ''[[Stegodon]]''. Ang isang unanong species na stegodont na ''Stegodon sondaari'' ay naging [[ekstinto]] noong mga 850,000 taong nakakaraan at pinalitan ng isa pang species ng normal na sukat na ''Stegodon florensis'' na nag-ebolb naman sa isang anyong unano na ''Stegodon florensis insularis'' na naglaho noong 12,000 taong nakakalipas.<ref>Morwood and van Oosterzee 2007: 8, 169</ref><ref name = "Van Den Bergh">{{cite journal
  | last = Van Den Bergh | first = G. D. | authorlink =
  | author2 = Rokhus Due Awe; Morwood, M. J.; Sutikna, T.; Jatmiko; Wahyu Saptomo, E.
  | title = The youngest ''Stegodon'' remains in Southeast Asia from the Late Pleistocene archaeological site Liang Bua, Flores, Indonesia
  | journal = [[Quaternary International]] | volume = 182 | issue = 1 | pages = 16–48
  | publisher = | location = | date = May 2008
  | language = | url = http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618207000377
  | doi = 10.1016/j.quaint.2007.02.001 | accessdate = 2011-11-27|bibcode = 2008QuInt.182...16V }}</ref>

==Mga sanggunian==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
{{Human Evolution}}
==Mga sanggunian==
{{Refbegin|colwidth=30em}}
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*{{cite web |work=Encyclopædia Britannica |url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9062017 |title=Pygmy }}
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*{{cite journal | author = Falk, D. | author2 = Hildebolt, C., Smith, K., Morwood, M. J., Sutikna, T., Brown, P., Jatmiko, Wayhu Saptomo, E., Brunsden, B. and Prior, F. | date = April 8, 2005 | title = The Brain of LB1, ''Homo floresiensis'' | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2005-04-08_308_5719/page/242 | journal = [[Science (journal)|Science]] | volume = 308 | issue = 5719 | page = 242 | doi = 10.1126/science.1109727 | pmid = 15749690 | bibcode = 2005Sci...308..242F | pages = 242–5 }}
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*{{cite book|first=Dean|last=Falk|authorlink=Dean Falk|title=The Fossil Chronicles: How Two Controversial Discoveries Changed Our View of Human Evolution|url=https://archive.org/details/fossilchronicles0000falk|publisher=University of California Press|year=2011|isbn=978-0-520-26670-4}}
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*{{cite journal|author=Forth, G.|year=2005|title=Hominids, hairy hominoids and the science of humanity|journal=Anthropology Today|volume=21|issue=3|pages=13–17|doi=10.1111/j.0268-540X.2005.00353.x|url=http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118652221/abstract}}{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
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*{{cite journal|last=Gee|first=Henry|authorlink=Henry Gee|journal=Nature|date=October 27, 2004|title=Flores, God and Cryptozoology: The discovery poses thorny questions about the uniqueness of ''Homo sapiens''|doi=10.1038/news041025-2|url=http://www.bioedonline.org/news/news.cfm?art=1329}}
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*{{cite journal |author=''Guardian'' |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2007/sep/21/2 |title=Yes, it's a Hobbit. The debate that has divided science is solved at last (sort of) |date=September 21, 2007 }}
*{{cite journal |author=Hershkovitz, I., Kornreich, L., Laron, Z. |title=Comparative skeletal features between ''Homo floresiensis'' and patients with primary growth hormone insensitivity (Laron Syndrome) |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-physical-anthropology_2007-10_134_2/page/198 |journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology |volume=134 |issue=2 |pages=198–208 |year=2007 |pmid=17596857 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.20655 }}
*{{cite journal| author = Jacob, T. | author2 = Indriati, E., Soejono, R. P., Hsu, K., Frayer, D. W., Eckhardt, R. B., Kuperavage, A. J., Thorne, A. and Henneberg, M. | date = September 5, 2006 | title = Pygmoid Australomelanesian ''Homo sapiens'' skeletal remains from Liang Bua, Flores: Population affinities and pathological abnormalities | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, US | volume = 103 |pages = 13421–13426 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0605563103 | pmid = 16938848| issue = 36| pmc = 1552106|bibcode = 2006PNAS..10313421J }}
*{{cite journal | last = Jungers | first = W | author2 = Baab, K. | year = 2009 | month = December | url = http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122688405 | title = The geometry of hobbits: ''Homo floresiensis'' and human evolution | journal = Significance | volume = 6 | issue = 4 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{subscription required|date=October 2010|url=http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122688405}}
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*{{cite book |last=Morwood |first=Mike |author2=van Oosterzee, Penny |title=A New Human: The Startling Discovery and Strange Story of the "Hobbits" of Flores, Indonesia |url=https://archive.org/details/newhumanstrange00morw |publisher=Smithsonian Books |year=2007 |isbn=0-06-089908-5 }}
*{{cite journal | author=''New Scientist'' | url=http://www.newscientist.com/channel/being-human/mg18424772.900 | title=Fight over access to 'hobbit' bones – being-human | date=December 11, 2004 }}
*{{cite journal |author=''New Scientist'' |url=http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn12667-hobbit-wrist-bones-suggests-a-distinct-species.html |title='Hobbitt' wrist bones suggest a distinct species |date=September 20, 2007 }}
*{{cite journal | author = ''New Scientist'' | url = http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn13692-flores-hobbit-walked-more-like-a-clown-than-frodo.html | title = Flores 'hobbit' walked more like a clown than Frodo | volume = 3 | pages = 983–984 | date = April 16, 2008 }}
*{{cite journal |author= ''[[The New York Times]]'' |url= http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/21/science/21cnd-tiny.html |title= Report Reignites Feud Over 'Little People' as Separate Species |date= August 21, 2006 }}
*{{cite journal |author=''New Zealand Herald'' |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/index.cfm?c_id=82&ObjectID=8500998 |title=Hobbit woman' remains spark row among academics |date=November 30, 2004 }}
*{{cite journal|last=Obendorf|first=P.J.|author2=Oxnard, C.E.; Kefford, C.E.|date=June 7, 2008|title=Are the small human-like fossils found on Flores human endemic cretins?|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B Biological Sciences|publisher=Royal Society|location=Online|volume=275|pmid=18319214|issue=1640|pmc=2602669|pages=1287–1296|doi=10.1098/rspb.2007.1488|url=http://journals.royalsociety.org/content/jl77276376781n87/}}
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*{{cite journal |author=''Science Daily'' |url=http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2004/10/041028144857.htm |title=Skeleton reveals lost world of 'Little people' |date=October 28, 2004 }}{{subscription required|date=October 2010|url=http://journals.royalsociety.org/content/jl77276376781n87/}}
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*{{cite journal |author=''Smithsonian'' |url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/human-migration.html |title=The Great Human Migration |year=2008 |month=July }}
*{{cite journal |author=[[Der Spiegel|''Spiegel'']] |title=A Huge Fight over a Little Man |url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,434604,00.html |date=September 1, 2006 }}
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*{{cite journal|author=''Sydney Morning Herald''|url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/Science/Hobbits-triumph-tempered-by-tragedy/2005/03/04/1109700677461.html|title=Hobbits triumph tempered by tragedy|date=March 5, 2005}}
*{{cite journal|author=''Telegraph''|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/connected/main.jhtml?xml=/connected/2004/11/01/ecnhuman228.xml|title=Villagers speak of the small, hairy Ebu Gogo|date=November 2, 2004|access-date=August 7, 2021|archive-date=June 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612031557/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/?xml=%2Fconnected%2F2004%2F11%2F01%2Fecnhuman228.xml|url-status=dead}}
*{{cite journal |author=''TIME'' |title=Bones of contention |date= April 30, 2005 }}
*{{cite journal| author=''Times Online''| url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,3-1386423,00.html| date=December 3, 2004| title=Professor fuels row over Hobbit man fossils| location=London| access-date=Septiyembre 14, 2012| archive-date=Abril 30, 2020| archive-url=https://archive.today/20200430183237/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/professor-fuels-row-over-hobbit-man-fossils-zrmf0l5rtnf| url-status=dead}}
*{{cite journal | author = Tocheri, M.W. | date = September 21, 2007 | title = The Primitive Wrist of ''Homo floresiensis'' and Its Implications for Hominin Evolution | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2007-09-21_317_5845/page/1743 | journal = [[Science (journal)|Science]] | volume = 317 | issue = 5845 | page = 1743 | doi = 10.1126/science.1147143 | pmid = 17885135 | last2 = Orr | first2 = CM | last3 = Larson | first3 = SG | last4 = Sutikna | first4 = T | last6 = Saptomo | first6 = EW | last7 = Due | first7 = RA | last8 = Djubiantono | first8 = T | last9 = Morwood | first9 = MJ | last5 = Jatmiko | bibcode = 2007Sci...317.1743T | pages = 1743–5 | unused_data = Orr; Larson; Sutikna; Jatmiko; Saptomo; Awe Due; Djubiantono; Morwood; Jungers }}
*{{cite journal |author=''USA Today'' |title=The hullabaloo about hobbits |url=http://www.usatoday.com/tech/science/columnist/vergano/2006-07-16-hobbit-argument_x.htm |date=July 16, 2006 }}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.andaman.org/BOOK/chapter5/text5.htm|title=Lonely islands: The Andamanese (Ch. 5)|author=Weber, George|publisher=Andaman Association|access-date=2012-09-14|archive-date=2012-07-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710025916/http://www.andaman.org/BOOK/chapter5/text5.htm|url-status=dead}}
*{{cite journal |journal=Science |url=http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/310/5746/236b |title=Comment on "The Brain of LB1, ''Homo floresiensis''" |date=October 14, 2005 |last=Weber |first=J. |author2=Czarnetzki, A., Pusch, C.M. |pmid=16224005 |volume=310 |issue=5746 |page=236 |doi=10.1126/science.1114789 }}
*{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1038/nature07922| date = May 7, 2009| author = Weston, E. M.| author2 = Lister, A. M.| title = Insular dwarfism in hippos and a model for brain size reduction in ''Homo floresiensis''| url = https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2009-05-07_459_7243/page/85| volume = 459| issue = 7243| pages = 85–8| issn = 0028-0836| pmid = 19424156| pmc = 2679980| journal = Nature| bibcode = 2009Natur.459...85W}}
{{Refend}}

==Mga karagdagang babasahin==
{{Refbegin|colwidth=30em}}
*{{cite book |first=Linda| last=Goldenberg |title=Little People and a Lost World: An Anthropological Mystery |url=https://archive.org/details/littlepeopleandl00gold|publisher=Twenty-First Century Books |location=Minneapolis, Minnesota |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-8225-5983-2 |oclc=62330789 |page=[https://archive.org/details/littlepeopleandl00gold/page/112 112]}}
*{{cite book|first1=Maciej |last1=Henneberg |first2=John |last2=Schofield|title=The Hobbit Trap:Money, Fame, Science and the Discovery of a 'New Species'|publisher=Wakefield Press|location=Kent Town|year=2008|isbn=978-1-86254-791-9|page=159}}
*{{cite journal|last1=Trueman|first1=John W.H.|title=A new cladistic analysis of Homo floresiensis|journal=Journal of Human Evolution|volume=59|issue=2|year=2010|pages=223–226|issn=00472484|doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.01.013}}
*{{cite journal|last1=Brumm|first1=Adam|last2=Jensen|first2=Gitte M.|last3=van den Bergh|first3=Gert D.|last4=Morwood|first4=Michael J.|last5=Kurniawan|first5=Iwan|last6=Aziz|first6=Fachroel|last7=Storey|first7=Michael|title=Hominins on Flores, Indonesia, by one million years ago|journal=Nature|volume=464|issue=7289|year=2010|pages=748–752|issn=0028-0836|doi=10.1038/nature08844}}
*{{cite journal|last1=Jungers|first1=W. L.|last2=Harcourt-Smith|first2=W. E. H.|last3=Wunderlich|first3=R. E.|last4=Tocheri|first4=M. W.|last5=Larson|first5=S. G.|last6=Sutikna|first6=T.|last7=Due|first7=Rhokus Awe|last8=Morwood|first8=M. J.|title=The foot of Homo floresiensis|journal=Nature|volume=459|issue=7243|year=2009|pages=81–84|issn=0028-0836|doi=10.1038/nature07989}}
*{{cite journal|last1=Gordon|first1=A. D.|last2=Nevell|first2=L.|last3=Wood|first3=B.|title=The Homo floresiensis cranium (LB1): Size, scaling, and early Homo affinities|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|volume=105|issue=12|year=2008|pages=4650–4655|issn=0027-8424|doi=10.1073/pnas.0710041105}}
*{{cite journal|last1=Vannucci|first1=R. C.|last2=Barron|first2=T. F.|last3=Holloway|first3=R. L.|title=Craniometric ratios of microcephaly and LB1, Homo floresiensis, using MRI and endocasts|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|volume=108|issue=34|year=2011|pages=14043–14048|issn=0027-8424|doi=10.1073/pnas.1105585108}}
*{{cite doi|10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.05.004}}
*{{cite journal|last1=Holliday|first1=Trenton W.|last2=Franciscus|first2=Robert G.|title=Body size and its consequences: Allometry and the lower limb length of Liang Bua 1 (Homo floresiensis)|journal=Journal of Human Evolution|volume=57|issue=3|year=2009|pages=223–228|issn=00472484|doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.04.007}}
*{{cite journal|last1=Lieberman|first1=Daniel E.|title=Palaeoanthropology: Homo floresiensis from head to toe|journal=Nature|volume=459|issue=7243|year=2009|pages=41–42|issn=0028-0836|doi=10.1038/459041a}}
*{{cite journal|last1=Montgomery|first1=Stephen H|last2=Capellini|first2=Isabella|last3=Barton|first3=Robert A|last4=Mundy|first4=Nicholas I|title=Reconstructing the ups and downs of primate brain evolution: implications for adaptive hypotheses and Homo floresiensis|journal=BMC Biology|volume=8|issue=1|year=2010|pages=9|issn=1741-7007|doi=10.1186/1741-7007-8-9}}
*{{cite journal|last1=Larson|first1=S.G.|last2=Jungers|first2=W.L.|last3=Tocheri|first3=M.W.|last4=Orr|first4=C.M.|last5=Morwood|first5=M.J.|last6=Sutikna|first6=T.|last7=Awe|first7=Rokhus Due|last8=Djubiantono|first8=T.|title=Descriptions of the upper limb skeleton of Homo floresiensis|journal=Journal of Human Evolution|volume=57|issue=5|year=2009|pages=555–570|issn=00472484|doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.06.007}}
*{{cite doi|10.1016/j.jhevol.2011.08.008}}
*[http://biology.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-document&doi=10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.0040440 "What is the Hobbit?"] A review of the state of debate regarding the status of ''H. Floresiensis'', circa 2006, from the open access journal [[Public Library of Science]], Biology
{{Refend}}

{{Wikispecies|Homo floresiensis|Hobbits}}
{{Commonscat|Homo floresiensis}}

[[Kategorya:Sinaunang espesye ng Homo]]