Papers by Mohd Hasmizam Razali
Manganese substituted iron titanate was successfully synthesized and characterized by x-ray diffr... more Manganese substituted iron titanate was successfully synthesized and characterized by x-ray diffraction and Fourier transformed infra-red to investigate the composition and to identify the chemical compound of this unique architecture. The materials were tested for adsorption of remazol brilliant blue R (RBBR) aqueous solution. The adsorptions were investigated at different pH which are pH 3, 4, dye concentration and manganese substituted iron titanate dosage. It was found that synthesized manganese substituted iron titanate particles can adsorbed 99% of 100 ppm RBBR dye at pH 2.
Copper oxide (CuO) loaded titanium dioxide (TiO 2) nanotube photocatalyst was synthesised using t... more Copper oxide (CuO) loaded titanium dioxide (TiO 2) nanotube photocatalyst was synthesised using the facile hydrothermal method. The synthesised photocatalyst were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to study their physiochemical properties. The photocatalytic activity of the photocatalysts was tested for carbon dioxide (CO 2) photoconversion into fuels. CuO loaded TiO 2 nanotube demonstrated higher CO 2 conversion (100%) than TiO 2 nanotube (72.20%) because of the former's effective separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs in the presence of CuO.
A unique three-dimensional (3D) nanostructured gellan gum (GG) is fabricated by incorporating TiO... more A unique three-dimensional (3D) nanostructured gellan gum (GG) is fabricated by incorporating TiO 2 nanoparticles (GG+TiO2NPs) scaffold by freeze-drying. The fabricated GG+TiO 2 NPs were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to study their physiochemical properties. FTIR was used to investigate the intermolecular interactions in the scaffolds. The crystal structure was determined by bulk analysis using XRD and SEM for microstructure observation of scaffold surfaces. The performance of synthesized GG+TiO 2 NPs scaffold 3D nanostructured materials was evaluated as a photocatalyst for methyl orange (MO) degradation and for biomedical applications. The results showed that the scaffold possessed good photocatalytic activity for removal of methyl orange with 88.24% degradation after 3 h of UV irradiation. The scaffold also induces the cell growth, thus offering a good candidate for biomedical applications.
In this research, the effect of different hydrothermal treatment temperature (100, 150, and
200 °... more In this research, the effect of different hydrothermal treatment temperature (100, 150, and
200 °C) on the products obtained by hydrothermal method was studied. Various characterization
techniques was carried out such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron
microscope (FESEM), energy dispersive of x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy (FTIR). XRD analysis shows that titanate phase was formed at 150 and 200 °C
hydrothermal treatment. On the other hand, at 100 °C anatase TiO2 phase structured was gained which is
similar with the TiO2 precursor. Morphological study using FESEM revealed that nanofibers and
nanorods samples obtained at 150 °C and 200 °C, respectively. At 100°C, irregular shaped particle was
attained similar with TiO2 precursors. FTIR spectra for the all studied sample displayed three main
broad peaks at the range of 3700-2800, and 1800-1400 assigned to –OH stretching and deformation
mode due to H2O molecules and M-O stretching mode at 900-400 cm-1 assigned to Ti-O bond
In this research, 1-D titanate was successfully synthesized using hydrothermal method at 150 and ... more In this research, 1-D titanate was successfully synthesized using hydrothermal method at 150 and 200°C. They were calcined at different temperature (300, 400, 500 and 700 °C) to study the phase transition and thermal stability. Various characterization techniques was used such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). FESEM revealed that nanofibers and rod-like particles was obtained at 150 °C and 200 °C, respectively. They are belong to titanate crystal phase structure which are present as hydrogen titanate at 150 °C and sodium titanate at 200 °C as shown by XRD. The hydrogen titanate nanofibers transformed into titania (TiO2) at 400-700 °C. Meanwhile the rod-like particles of sodium titanate only fully converted to TiO2 at 700 °C. This can be concluded that, sodium titanate is higher thermally stable that hydrogen titanate as it's only decomposed into TiO2 at highest temperature studied of 700 °C.
This study aims to develop a highly efficient adsorbent material. CNTs are prepared using a chemi... more This study aims to develop a highly efficient adsorbent material. CNTs are prepared using a chemical vapor deposition method with acetylene and synthesized mesoporous Ni-MCM41 as the carbon source
and catalyst, respectively, and are then functionalized using 3 aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) through the co-condensation method and loaded with commercial TiO2. Results of X-ray powder
diffraction (XRD), Raman spectra, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirm that the synthesized CNTs grown are multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs). Transmission electron microscopy
shows good dispersion of TiO2 nanoparticles onto functionalized-CNTs loaded TiO2, with the diameter of a hair-like structure measuring between 3 and 8 nm. The functionalized-CNTs loaded TiO2
are tested as an adsorbent for removal of methyl orange (MO) in aqueous solution, and results show that 94% of MO is removed after 10 min of reaction, and 100% after 30 min. The adsorption kinetic model of
functionalized-CNTs loaded TiO2 follows a pseudo-second order with a maximum adsorption capacity of 42.85 mg/g. This study shows that functionalized-CNTs loaded TiO2 has considerable potential as an
adsorbent material due to the short adsorption time required to achieve equilibrium.
Carbon nanotubes (CNT's) was successfully synthesis at low temperature using hydrothermal method.... more Carbon nanotubes (CNT's) was successfully synthesis at low temperature using hydrothermal method. The reaction was carried out at 200°C for 24 hours using ferrocene and sulfur as carbon sources and catalyst, respectively which were mixed with 100 ml NaOH solutions (10 M). After hydrothermal treatment the product obtained was washed with ethanol and water until the washing solution is pH7. The solution was filtered and dried at 60°C for 24 hours to produce the CNT's. The synthesized CNT's was characterized using XRD, raman spectroscopy, SEM, TEM, and FTIR to study their physicochemical properties. XRD pattern shows the broad peaks assigned to graphite phase structure suggested that the synthesized sample was in carbon allotrope group. Raman spectra confirmed the presence of CNT's, with the observation of D and G bands at 1342 and 1592 cm-1 , respectively. SEM result shows the produced CNT's had the diameter ~10 nm and several hundred nanometers in length with curly hair-like structures. Further investigation using TEM revealed the outer diameter of hollow elongated hair-like structures of CNT's are within 8 to 10 nm.
Advanced Materials Research, 2013
ABSTRACT
TiO 2 nanotube arrays were prepared by electrochemical anodization of titanium foil in mixed elec... more TiO 2 nanotube arrays were prepared by electrochemical anodization of titanium foil in mixed electrolyte solution of NH4F, water, and glycerol. The anodized TiO2 nanotube arrays were calcined at various temperatures and characterized using scanning electron microscope to study the morphology transformation. The results show that at low calcination temperature (300 °C) highly ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays are observed and remained up to 500 °C. At 700 °C, TiO2 nanotube arrays are completely destroyed and transformed to irregular-shaped particle. Introduction Nanostructured materials are defined as materials that have at least one dimension in the nanoscale size (typically ≤ 100 nm) [1]. Thus, depending on their dimensions they can be classified into a) zero dimension (0-D) nanostructures (e.g. nanoparticles), b) one dimension (1-D) nanostructures (e.g. nanorods, nanowires, nanotubes) c) two dimension (2-D) nanostructures (e.g. thin films), and d) three dimension (3-D) nanostructures materials. These structures can be conceptualized as simple geometrical shape; i.e. dots (0-D), lines (1-D), and squares (2-D). Three dimensional nanostructure materials can be constructed from these low dimensional materials, e.g. an array (3-D) of nanotubes (1-D) [2,3]. The nanoparticles can be considered to be of 0-D because the dimensions of the nanoparticles in all directions are within the nanoscale (≤ 100 nm). On the other hand, the nanorods, nanowires, and nanotubes are categorized as one-dimensional nanostructure materials in which they have one dimension of their structure that is outside the nanoscale. While, two-dimensional nanostructures materials are those in which two of the dimensions are not confined to the nanoscale. An example of the materials which fall into two-dimensional nanostructures materials category is thin film [4]. While microsized materials have similar properties to their corresponding bulk materials, the physical and chemical properties of nanostructured materials are different from those of atoms and bulks materials of the same composition. This is mainly due to the nanometer size of the materials which render them: (i) large fraction of surface atoms; (ii) high surface energy; (iii) spatial confinement of electron movements and (iv) reduce imperfections, which do not exist in the corresponding bulk materials [4]. For instance, the metallic nanoparticles can be used as an active catalyst, whereby they are inactive in bulk metal. Besides, the superior mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes are well known as normal carbon exhibits weak mechanical properties. Therefore, the uniqueness of the physical and chemical properties of the nanostructured materials constitutes the basis of nanoscience and nanotechnology which can lead to new devices in chemical and biosensor technologies. Since the discovery of carbon nanotubes by Iijima (1991), nanotubes materials have attracted significant scientific and technological interests in the last decade [5]. Recently, titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes have been extensively studied because of their non-toxicity, inexpensive, long-term stability against photocorrosion and chemical corrosion [6-8]. This material was explored as a catalyst for production of energy products such as methane and methanol through the photo-reduction of green house gases [9,10]. They are also widely used in electrochemical devices, photovoltaic dye sensitized solar cells and gas sensors application [11-15].
Co2+ doped TiO2 nanotubes was successfully synthesized using simple hydrothermal method. The synt... more Co2+ doped TiO2 nanotubes was successfully synthesized using simple hydrothermal method. The synthesized doped TiO2 nanotubes were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and ultra violet diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS) for band gap measurements. XRD pattern shows that after Co ion doping the phase structure of anatase TiO2 nanotubes transformed to hexagonal TiO2 with the nanotubes morphology remained as proved by TEM micrographs. The band gap energy of Co2+ doped TiO2 nanotubes gave as low as 2.06 eV compared to undoped TiO2 nanotubes (3.20 eV). This resulted Co doped TiO2 nanotubes exhibited higher rate for methyl orange degradation (MO) than the undoped TiO2 nanotubes.
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes was synthesized by hydrothermal method and calcined at differen... more Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes was synthesized by hydrothermal method and calcined at different temperature (300, 400, 500, 700°C) for 2 hours to study the effect of different calcination temperature on the physical properties and photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanotubes was studied. The anatase phase structure of the TiO2 nanotubes is remained even after calcination at highest temperature studied of 700 °C. However, their morphological structure transformed from nanotubes into nanoparticles after calcination at higher temperature. Hence, reduces the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 material in degrading methyl orange due to the decreases in surface area and porosity of the materials.
Journal of Sustainability Science and Management
Titanium dioxide, TiO2 nanostructured has been synthesised by microemulsion technique under contr... more Titanium dioxide, TiO2 nanostructured has been synthesised by microemulsion technique under controlled hydrolysis of titanium butoxide, Ti(O(CH2)3)CH3 in hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide, HTAB in the form of nanodroplets microemulsion. The physical and chemical properties of synthesised TiO2 have been determined by using SEM, XRD, BET and photocatalytic activity. In order to measure its catalytic performance, the synthesised TiO2is used as catalyst to decompose paraquat dichloride when exposed to UV bench lamp 302 nm 230 V~50 Hz. The result indicates that paraquat dichloride is degraded by 70% within 4 hours. The optimum catalytic properties enable to demonstrate TiO2 nanostructured has good behaviour to photocatalytically degrade paraquat dichloride to relatively safe and tolerable compounds in the environment.
Advanced Materials Research , 2013
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were successfully synthesised by hydrothermal method using ... more Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were successfully synthesised by hydrothermal method using TiO2 microparticle powder (Merck) as precursor. TiO2 microparticles powder (~160 nm) was mixed with 10 M NaOH and treated hydrothermally at 150 °C and 2 MPa pressure in autoclave for 24 hours. After hydrothermal reaction was completed, the sample was washed, dried and heated at 500 °C for 2 hours to produce TiO2 nanoparticles. The synthesised nanoparticles were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and raman spectroscopy. UV-Vis DRS was used to determine the band gap energy. Field emissions and transmissions electron microscopy images revealed that nanoparticles obtained was about 14 nm. X-ray diffraction patterns showed that TiO2 nanoparticles were anatase phase (tetragonal). The band gap energy of TiO2 nanoparticles was determined to be 3.32 eV.
Undoped TiO 2 nanotubes and doped titanium dioxide nanotubes with various transition metal ions (... more Undoped TiO 2 nanotubes and doped titanium dioxide nanotubes with various transition metal ions (Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , Cu 2+ ) were prepared by hydrothermal method. The samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nitrogen gas adsorption and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The structural and morphological studies showed that the transition metal ion dopant was incorporated into interstitial positions of the TiO 2 lattice to form a new phase of TiO 2 (hexagonal) instead of anatase TiO 2 (tetragonal) for undoped TiO 2 nanotubes. It could be expected that doped TiO 2 nanotubes active under visible light due to their small band gap.
"Capping agents such as starch can be used to protect semiconductor nanoparticles from aggregatio... more "Capping agents such as starch can be used to protect semiconductor nanoparticles from aggregation and obtain uniform structures. Cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles with starch as
a capping agent were prepared with an aqueous precipitation technique at different pH levels to study the optimum condition for producing a narrow distribution of nanoparticles. The morphology of the prepared nanoparticles was measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Grain sizes of the samples determined by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) with Scherer’s
equation were relatively dependet on the pH applied in the synthesized process. Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) indicated that the starch and the nanoparticles were bonded by R-N=C=S
bonds, but bondinbg depended on the pH used. The band gap of the CdS nanoparticles measured by UV-Vis spectroscopy was 2.39 eV, which was lower than CdS in bulk phase because of distorted structures in obtained CdS nanoparticles."
Malaysian Journal of …, Jan 1, 2005
The effect of calcination temperature on surface morphology and photocatalytic activity of ZnO ph... more The effect of calcination temperature on surface morphology and photocatalytic activity of ZnO photocatalyst for methyl orange degradation was studied. The result showed that the photocatalytic activity of the ZnO photocatalyst was decreased with the increment of calcination temperature due to the formation
of larger particle size at high calcinations temperature, thereby reduces the surface area and active sites for photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange.
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Papers by Mohd Hasmizam Razali
200 °C) on the products obtained by hydrothermal method was studied. Various characterization
techniques was carried out such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron
microscope (FESEM), energy dispersive of x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy (FTIR). XRD analysis shows that titanate phase was formed at 150 and 200 °C
hydrothermal treatment. On the other hand, at 100 °C anatase TiO2 phase structured was gained which is
similar with the TiO2 precursor. Morphological study using FESEM revealed that nanofibers and
nanorods samples obtained at 150 °C and 200 °C, respectively. At 100°C, irregular shaped particle was
attained similar with TiO2 precursors. FTIR spectra for the all studied sample displayed three main
broad peaks at the range of 3700-2800, and 1800-1400 assigned to –OH stretching and deformation
mode due to H2O molecules and M-O stretching mode at 900-400 cm-1 assigned to Ti-O bond
and catalyst, respectively, and are then functionalized using 3 aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) through the co-condensation method and loaded with commercial TiO2. Results of X-ray powder
diffraction (XRD), Raman spectra, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirm that the synthesized CNTs grown are multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs). Transmission electron microscopy
shows good dispersion of TiO2 nanoparticles onto functionalized-CNTs loaded TiO2, with the diameter of a hair-like structure measuring between 3 and 8 nm. The functionalized-CNTs loaded TiO2
are tested as an adsorbent for removal of methyl orange (MO) in aqueous solution, and results show that 94% of MO is removed after 10 min of reaction, and 100% after 30 min. The adsorption kinetic model of
functionalized-CNTs loaded TiO2 follows a pseudo-second order with a maximum adsorption capacity of 42.85 mg/g. This study shows that functionalized-CNTs loaded TiO2 has considerable potential as an
adsorbent material due to the short adsorption time required to achieve equilibrium.
a capping agent were prepared with an aqueous precipitation technique at different pH levels to study the optimum condition for producing a narrow distribution of nanoparticles. The morphology of the prepared nanoparticles was measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Grain sizes of the samples determined by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) with Scherer’s
equation were relatively dependet on the pH applied in the synthesized process. Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) indicated that the starch and the nanoparticles were bonded by R-N=C=S
bonds, but bondinbg depended on the pH used. The band gap of the CdS nanoparticles measured by UV-Vis spectroscopy was 2.39 eV, which was lower than CdS in bulk phase because of distorted structures in obtained CdS nanoparticles."
of larger particle size at high calcinations temperature, thereby reduces the surface area and active sites for photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange.
200 °C) on the products obtained by hydrothermal method was studied. Various characterization
techniques was carried out such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron
microscope (FESEM), energy dispersive of x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy (FTIR). XRD analysis shows that titanate phase was formed at 150 and 200 °C
hydrothermal treatment. On the other hand, at 100 °C anatase TiO2 phase structured was gained which is
similar with the TiO2 precursor. Morphological study using FESEM revealed that nanofibers and
nanorods samples obtained at 150 °C and 200 °C, respectively. At 100°C, irregular shaped particle was
attained similar with TiO2 precursors. FTIR spectra for the all studied sample displayed three main
broad peaks at the range of 3700-2800, and 1800-1400 assigned to –OH stretching and deformation
mode due to H2O molecules and M-O stretching mode at 900-400 cm-1 assigned to Ti-O bond
and catalyst, respectively, and are then functionalized using 3 aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) through the co-condensation method and loaded with commercial TiO2. Results of X-ray powder
diffraction (XRD), Raman spectra, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirm that the synthesized CNTs grown are multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs). Transmission electron microscopy
shows good dispersion of TiO2 nanoparticles onto functionalized-CNTs loaded TiO2, with the diameter of a hair-like structure measuring between 3 and 8 nm. The functionalized-CNTs loaded TiO2
are tested as an adsorbent for removal of methyl orange (MO) in aqueous solution, and results show that 94% of MO is removed after 10 min of reaction, and 100% after 30 min. The adsorption kinetic model of
functionalized-CNTs loaded TiO2 follows a pseudo-second order with a maximum adsorption capacity of 42.85 mg/g. This study shows that functionalized-CNTs loaded TiO2 has considerable potential as an
adsorbent material due to the short adsorption time required to achieve equilibrium.
a capping agent were prepared with an aqueous precipitation technique at different pH levels to study the optimum condition for producing a narrow distribution of nanoparticles. The morphology of the prepared nanoparticles was measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Grain sizes of the samples determined by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) with Scherer’s
equation were relatively dependet on the pH applied in the synthesized process. Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) indicated that the starch and the nanoparticles were bonded by R-N=C=S
bonds, but bondinbg depended on the pH used. The band gap of the CdS nanoparticles measured by UV-Vis spectroscopy was 2.39 eV, which was lower than CdS in bulk phase because of distorted structures in obtained CdS nanoparticles."
of larger particle size at high calcinations temperature, thereby reduces the surface area and active sites for photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange.